Ultrasound Imaging

Question 1

what is the focal zone

Answer 1

narrowest zone along long axis

Question 2

longitudinal sonogram

Answer 2

long axis of transfucer aligned to long axis of structure

Question 3

transverse sonogram

Answer 3

transducer applied across structure

Question 4

the field of view is the same as what

Answer 4

the long axis of transducer

Question 5

the extended field of view -

Answer 5

displays frames acquired sequentially

Question 6

normal cortical bone

Answer 6

hyperechoic, smooth, continuous

Question 7

normal tendons/ligaments

Answer 7

hyperechoic, distinct parallel fiber pattern

Question 8

normal muscle

Answer 8

hypoechoic w/ parallel fibrous hyperechoic bands

Question 9

normal bursa

Answer 9

thin hypoechoic line

Question 10

normal hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

hypoechoic layer next to cortex

Question 11

normal nerve

Answer 11

hyperechoic, relative to muscle (honeycomb)

Question 12

normal cysts

Answer 12

anechoic

Question 13

with doppler ultrasound, blood velocity measured on the differnce of when moving toward the transducer -

Answer 13

sound waves reflect off of blood cells arrive at transducer faster

Question 14

with doppler ultrasound, blood velocity measured on the differnce of when moving away from the transducer -

Answer 14

sound waves reflect off of blood cells arrive at transducer slower

Question 15

doppler ultrasound provides information on

Answer 15

presence of blood flow
direction of blood flow
gross circulation abnormalities

Question 16

advantages of USI

Answer 16

low cost and portable
no contraindications
ability to visualize structures not limited by orthogonal planes
continuous modification of imaging based on findings
real time assessment can be performed while imaging

Question 17

advantage of USI over MRI for muscles

Answer 17

architecture
imaging while testing resistance

Question 18

advantage of USI over MRI for tendons

Answer 18

fiber structure
degenerative changes
longitudinal tears

Question 19

advantage of USI over MRI for ligaments

Answer 19

fiber structures
ability to stress test while imaging

Question 20

advantage of USI over MRI for cysts/bursae

Answer 20

septations
debris not seen on MRI

Question 21

disadvantages of USI for joints/intra-articular structures

Answer 21

limited ability to show joint surfaces & intra-articular surfaces

Question 22

disadvantages of USI for bones

Answer 22

can only show cortical outline

Question 23

disadvantages of USI for scanning across lung fields

Answer 23

ultrasound does not cross air/tissue interfaces

Question 24

USI limitations

Answer 24

limited field of view
incomplete eval of bones
limited penetration
user error
cost
variable quality
obses pts have poorer visualization

Question 25

MSK USI common clinical application

Answer 25

tendinopathies
muscle strains
shoulder pain – RTC, bicep tendon lesion, bursae swelling, subacromial impingement
superficial jt assessment
post-op assessment
joint stability w/ dynamic testing
peripheral nerve compression
inflammatory arthropathies
superficial disruption of bone cortices