General Principles of Imaging

Question 1

ALARA

Answer 1

individual dosage as low as reasonably achievable

Question 2

what does a radiograph require (x-ray)

Answer 2

x ray beam source
patient
x ray film

Question 3

radiation

Answer 3

energy that is transmitted through space or matter

Question 4

ionization

Answer 4

neutral atom becomes charged by gaining or losing an electron

Question 5

x-ray

Answer 5

form of ionizing electromagnetic radiation

Question 6

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 6

radiant energy grouped by wavelength

Question 7

shorter wavelength =

Answer 7

higher energy = greater penetration

Question 8

soft x ray

Answer 8

longer wavelength
treatment of superficial malignancies

Question 9

hard x ray

Answer 9

shorter wave length
diagnostic imaging

Question 10

where is the film receptor

Answer 10

within cassette

Question 11

what is the cassette

Answer 11

opaque cases

Question 12

plain film benefits

Answer 12

low cost
reliable
relatively good quality
ease of use

Question 13

fluoroscopy

Answer 13

a dynamic or continuous radiograph

Question 14

a computed radiography

Answer 14

phosphor screen replaces film of plain film

laser scans screen

eventual conversion to digital image

Question 15

digital radiography

Answer 15

latent image converted to electric signal, f/b digitization

Question 16

direct digital radiography

Answer 16

x-rays converted directly into electrical charge

Question 17

indirect digital radiography

Answer 17

x-ray photons converted into light photons

Question 18

radiodensity

Answer 18

combination of physical qualities of an object that determine how much radiation it absorbs from the x-ray beam

Question 19

radiodensity determines what

Answer 19

attenuation

Question 20

radiographic density is

Answer 20

blackening

Question 21

radiopaque means

Answer 21

harder to penetrate with x-rays

Question 22

radiolucent

Answer 22

easier to penetrate with x-rays

Question 23

air looks

Answer 23

black

Question 24

fat looks

Answer 24

gray-black

Question 25

water looks

Answer 25

gray

Question 26

bone appears

Answer 26

white

Question 27

decubitus

Answer 27

body positoned on horizontal surface with horizontal beam - lying down

Question 28

how many views do you need

Answer 28

minimum 2 views at right angles

Question 29

how to view image

Answer 29

as the patient is facing you

Question 30

arthrography

Answer 30

injection of contrast within joint space

distends the capsule

outlines internal surfaces

Question 31

arthrography is commonly used with

Answer 31

CT, MRI, fluoroscopy

Question 32

myelography

Answer 32

pertaining to spinal cord, dura mater, nerve root

injected in CSF

column of radiopaque fluid

Question 33

myelography may be administered with

Answer 33

CT

Question 34

conventional tomography best clinical application used for

Answer 34

fx evaluation

Question 35

conventional tomography limitations

Answer 35

detail cannot be enhanced
difficulty with positioning
exposure

Question 36

CT

Answer 36

x-ray beam & detector within circular scanner that moves around the patient

Question 37

indications for CT

Answer 37

bone & soft tissue tumors
fx
intra-articular abnormalities
bone fragment detection
bone mineral analysis

Question 38

MRI measures energy from what

Answer 38

water

Question 39

MRI indications

Answer 39

soft tissue trauma
internal joint derangement
tumors
stress fx

Question 40

ultrasonography indications

Answer 40

muscle, tendon, ligament
cysts
soft tissue tumor
blood flow
muscle fun ction