Ultrasound Adams

Question 1

Frequency

Answer 1

Number of cycles per second

Hertz

Question 2

Wavelength

Answer 2

The length of one complete cycle

Question 3

If you increase frequency, what happens to wavelength?

Answer 3

Decreases

Question 4

The part of the ultrasound you lay against a persons skin is called what?

Answer 4

Footprint

Question 5

SPL

Answer 5

Voice of the ultrasound machine

Spatial pulse length..3 bursts

This is only 1 % of the ultrasound time (most the time its listening)

Question 6

Axial

Answer 6

How deep US goes

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

How wide US goes

Question 8

If wavelength decreases, what happens to SPL?

Answer 8

Decreases

So you have more listening time!

Question 9

Why don’t we use something with a really short frequency all the time if it provides the best resolution?

Answer 9

LESS PENETRATION

Ex. dolphin clicks underwater dissipate quickly whereas a whales low pitched sound lasts for longer

Question 10

High density in body

Answer 10

Ultrasound travels BETTER through high density

Ex. much better through water than air…hence we do a full bladder for pelvic ultrasounds

Question 11

Flexibility…Good or bad transmission?

Answer 11

GOOD!

Liver is great
Bone is NOT..everything gets reflected

Question 12

2 types of scanning formats

Answer 12

Linear (usually used for high frequency)–rectangular probe
Penetrate 2-4 inches (very superficial)–would use this to put a central line in

sector (more of a flashlight sort of beam..the farther down you go the less accurate because beams spread out)

Question 13

Classic probe for sector array

Answer 13

Curvilinear array transducer

Question 14

Square transducer to see the heart

Answer 14

Phased array transducer

*sector array but allows you to see the heart between the ribs

Question 15

Gain

Answer 15

the amount of amplification added to the signal coming from the transducer to the screen

• Machine allows deeper stuff to be brightened up
• you can adjust gain on the machine..if screen image is too bright, turn gain down

Question 16

Example of medium gray scale

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

Example of low gray scale

Answer 17

Bladder

*Anechoic–black because fluid filled…US goes right through water

Question 18

High gray scale example

Answer 18

Gall bladder stone–hyperechoic…leaves a shadow since most of the US waves have been reflexted

Question 19

2 types of image formatting

Answer 19

B mode–real time

M mode

Question 20

B mode

Answer 20

Use this for FAST exam…most common…real time

Question 21

What is M mode and why would you use it?

Answer 21

Looks at one spot over time…example to look at heart valve opening and closing

Question 22

Colors of kidney on US

Answer 22

white border

Black center that is Kind of nougat

Question 23

COLOR OF FLUID ON US

Answer 23

BLACK

Question 24

Ultrasound gel: use a lot or a little?

Answer 24

A lot! Replenish frequently

Question 25

2 rules of US orientation

Answer 25

The top of the viewing screen is ALWAYS where the transducer is touching the patient

The orientation marker on the transducer and on the viewing screen ALWAYS point in the same direction
*Classically green dot on left side of screen (so if you move the probe the screen moves the same direction)

Question 26

*Try to keep probe at what degree to the skin?

Answer 26

90 degrees

Question 27

Red color

Answer 27

Blood flow TOWARDS transducer

Question 28

Blue color

Answer 28

Anything going AWAY from transducer

Question 29

What is FAST exam for?

Answer 29

Focused rapid exam looking for fluid/blood in abdomen

Question 30

Standard of care for appendicitis imaging?

Answer 30

Ultrasound!

Not CT