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GI Week 2 > GI transporters Drewes > Flashcards

GI transporters Drewes Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 GI processes are under neural and hormonal control?

A

Secretion and motility

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2
Q

How does alcohol get through a membrane?

A

Simple diffusion

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3
Q

Why does carrier-mediated diffusion reach a plateau?

A

Because it is fully saturated with substrate

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4
Q

How many transmembrane segments to GLUTs have?

A

12

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5
Q

What does ABC transporter stand for?

A

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter

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6
Q

Where does transport of nutrients and water primarily occur?

A

Jejunum

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7
Q

What type of transporters are abundant in the jejunum?

Apical or basolateral?

A

Active (secondary) transport

Apical

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8
Q

What type of transporters are on the basolateral side?

A

Carrier-mediated

*Going down gradient into blood

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9
Q

Where does reclamation of fluids, electrolytes and bile acids occur?

A

Transverse colon

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10
Q

Where does CO2 for carbonic anhydrase come from?

A

The blood by diffusion across the basolateral membrane

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11
Q

What does omeprazole bind to in the parietal cell that allows it to inhibit H+/K+ ATPase?

A

Sulphhydrl group

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12
Q

Transport between cells

A

paracellular

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13
Q

Tight junctions that are super tight do what to paracellular transport.

A

Decrease it

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14
Q

What happens to osmolarity when you digest protein and starch?

A

As you digest it and create more molecules…the osmolarity INCREASES and draws water in.

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15
Q

What is pumped into the lumen to make water follow?

A

NaCl

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16
Q

What two things cause water to move to the lumen?

A

NaCl

Breakdown of particles

17
Q

What molecule activates CFTR?

A

cAMP produced by adenylyl cyclase

18
Q

What toxin can constitutively turn on adenylyl cyclase causing diarrhea and hyperosmolar secretions?

A

CHOLERA!

19
Q

Where are Na+/K+ ATPases?

A

Basolateral membrane

*3 sodium out, 2 K+ in

20
Q

What does the peptide transporter carry?

A

Di and tri peptides ONLY!

21
Q

Hartnup disorder

A

Apical neutral amino transporter defect

22
Q

As the intestinal contents moves down the lumen, there are things that are not digested…bacteria begin to produce butyrate and proprionic acid…colonocyte cells use this for fuel! What transporter is a tumor suppressor gene?

A

MCT-1

*want this expressed! Decreased chance of colon cancer

23
Q

P-glycoprotein is what type of transporter?

A

EFFLUXER! On Apical surface

24
Q

What transporter plays a critical role in determining drug delivery?

A

EFFLUXERS

25
Q

What factors regulate drug uptake?

A

Regulatory elements (promoter) controlling protein levels

Genetic polymorphisms affecting activity

Presence/co-administration of transporter inhibitor (drug or diet–grapefruit juice)

26
Q

Why do we have taste receptors in the intestine?

A

To send signals to the brain that the nutrient has been ingested

GI Week 2 (11 decks)

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