Micro Upper GI Zimmer Flashcards
(55 cards)
What does microbiome usually refer to?
Normal flora in large intestine
Infectious diseases that cause tooth to decay
Caries
Risk factors for caries:
High-sugar diet Poor oral hygiene Reduced saliva Smoking Periodontal disease (related diseases of surrounding gums)
What mechanism of microbes causes damage and significant illness?
GROWTH AND SPREAD of microbes!
Tx for dental carries?
Drill out decayed area of tooth and put in a filling
Periodontitis
Infection of underlying tissues and bones
What is the mechanism that causes illness in gingivitis and periodontitis?
HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE to microbe
Gingivitis
Infectious disease destroying supporting structres of teeth
What is essential for microbes to produce to cause dental disease?
BIOFILM
What is a biofilm?
2 or more species of bacterial micro-colonies that are enclosed in a glycocalyx
What general class of organisms predominate in the mouth? Aerobes or anaerobes
ANAEROBES!
How do species of oral streptococci play a role in protecting against dental carries and periodontitis?
Producing Hydrogen peroxide which inhibits growth of other oral bacteria
Is S. mitis pathogenic or non-pathogenic?
NON-Pathogenic
*Common in test questions
Are the bugs that cause caries usually gram + or -?
Gram +
Are microbes that cause periodontal disease in the subgingival space usually gram + or gram -?
Gram -
What strep species is often involved in caries?
Strep mutans
Virulence factor
*Broader than “toxin”
*Include bacterial toxins under the umbrella
Properties enabling a microorganism to establish itself on or within a host and enhance its potential to cause disease
Toxins
Promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system
What are the virulence factors of Strep Mutans?
Adhesin-like surface-associated proteins that are capable of binding to receptors in the pellicle (Ex. AgI/II family)
Extracellular glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are constituents of the pellicle and are capable of synthesizing glucans (a type of polysaccharide) from sucrose. Glucans provide additional S. mutans binding sites, as it binds avidly and in large numbers to these polymers.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Gram + or -?
Baccilus or cocci?
Aerobe or anaerobe?
Appearance on blood agar plates?
Bacitracin sensitive or resistant?
A “keystone pathogen”–well studied because it can be cultured.
Remodels a normally symbiotic microbiota into a dysbiotic state
Gram - Bacillus
Black-pigmented colonies
Bacitracin resistant
“It’s kind of like you have one bad guy come in and there goes the neighborhood.” “Things just aren’t what they used to be.”
How does consuming less sugar in the diet help prevent caries and periodontal disease?
Less chance of existing biofilm becoming more pathogenic
Why is fluoride important?
Inhibits bacterial glycolysis and pH maintenance enzymes
Remineralization to counteract the effects of demineralization under low pH conditions
Is gingivitis reversible or irreversible?
Reversible
What is the link between Diabetes and Periodontal disease?
Risk of periodontitis is up to 3-fold if you are diabetic
When you do have periodontal disease…it has a negative impact on glycemic control
*They make each other worse but what is the link that connects them!?
If you are diabetic, you have elevated levels of inflammatory markers…so when you have a microbial bacterial infection in your mouth, your inflammatory response is going to be more robust than it would normally be!Even if you have a small level of bacteria you will have gingivitis if you are diabetic
