Nutritional Genomics Bemis Flashcards
What does nutritional genomics mean?
Gene-environment interactions that may be managed to PREVENT DIET RELATED DISEASE
What enzymatic family is a good example of gene-environment interaction?
CYP450
What are the 3 sub-disciplines of nutritional genomics?
Nutrigenetics
Nutrigenomics
Nutritional epigenetics (methylation can be changed by diet)
*Genetics talks about individual persons SNP and genomics talks about the bigger community picture
What is nutrigenetics?
Functional change in nucleic acid code that influences a persons RESPONSE TO NUTRIENTS
Can someone metabolize something better due to nutrigenetic gene variation?
YES!
Just because a gene is changed doesn’t mean its bad
Whats another word for alleles?
Variants
What are the majority of variants?
single DNA base changes
What is it called when a variant occurs in a population?
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
What is the term “mutation” usually reserved for?
A genetic change with deleterious consequences
What is the benefit of nutrigenetics to patients?
They can know in ADVANCE if they are AT RISK for potentially fatal anaphylaxis
(peanuts, shellfish etc)
How are genes of interest in nutrigenetics studied?
GWAS: study of many different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait
What does it mean if an SNP is necessary but not sufficient?
It is always present but it is NOT THE ONLY requirement for the condition.
What does it mean for an SNP to be sufficient?
That the variant is the ACTUAL CAUSE of the condition!
AKA That change can cause the phenotype
**This is important
What does nutrigenomics seek to identify?
Environmental factors that effect gene expression
Globally or single variants
What is the goal of nutrigenomics?
To use food in a TARGETED FASHION rather than just to keep us alive…
*To change public health messages
Ex. Use more omega-3 fatty acids to REDUCE GENE EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES
