Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

Question 1

Ultradian rhythms

Answer 1

rhythm that lasts less than 24h
e.g. sleep-wake cycle

Question 2

Infradian rhythm

Answer 2

rhythm that lasts more than 24h
e.g. menstrual cycle

Question 3

sleep stage 1

Answer 3

light sleep
4-5%
muscle activity slows down
occasional muscle twitching

Question 4

sleep stage 2

Answer 4

45-55%
decrease in Temperature
breathing and heart rate slows down

Question 5

sleep stage 3

Answer 5

deep sleep
4-6%
slow delta waves generated

Question 6

sleep stage 4

Answer 6

very deep sleep
12-15%
slow delta waves
rhythmic breathing
limited muscle activity

Question 7

sleep stage 5

Answer 7

REM
20-25%
dreaming
muscle relax
heart rate slows down

Question 8

what is BRAC

Answer 8

basic rest activity cycle
90 min rhythm happens throughout the day
makes you fatigue, lowers concentration, but also creates physiological alertness

Question 9

menstrual cycle

Answer 9

23-36 days
ovulation takes place half way through
inner regulation of that process

Question 10

infradian rhythm
weekly

Answer 10

hormones change over the weekends

Question 11

infradian rhythm
anual

Answer 11

seasonal variation in mood (depression)
increase rathe of heart attacks and peaks of deaths in January

Question 12

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 1 top

Answer 12

Russel did an experiment to show that infradian rhythm such as menstrual cylce can be influenced by exogenous factors

Question 13

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 1 point

Answer 13

2 groups of women
from one group the sweat was taken and applied to the upper lip of second group
the groups were kept separetely
over time their menstrual cycles became synchronised with a ‘matched’ woman

Question 14

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 1 tail

Answer 14

suggesting menstrual cycle can be influenced by exogenous factors, not only endogenous

Question 15

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 1 double

Answer 15

however, a 2013 review suggested that menstrual synchrony is an artifact of measurements of cycles, which falls in and out of sychrony through the year.
Reducing the validity and reliability of Russle`s study

Question 16

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 2 top

Answer 16

Ericsson provided a research supporting BRAC in a study of Elite performance

Question 17

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 2 point

Answer 17

group: elite violinists
the best had their sessions for no loner than 90min at a time. their practicing was distributed in 90 min segments throughout the day.
Fatigue is a characteristic of the end of BRAC cycle
also violinists frequently napped to recover from practice

Question 18

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 2 tail

Answer 18

these finding have a strong reliability, becasue Ericsson found consistency of these results in musicians, athlets, writers, chess players

Question 19

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 3 top

Answer 19

a big weakness is the influence of such variable as individual differnces

Question 20

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 3 point

Answer 20

Tucker did an experiment
ppts were in the lab for 11 days
being assesed on seep duration, time to fall asleep, amount of time in each sleep stage.
they found huge individual differnce for all criterias
bit particulary for the stage 3 and 4 of deep sleep

Question 21

Ultradian and Infradian rhythms

eval 3 tail

Answer 21

this means the diffenrces werent driven by the environment, but rather by individulas biology

however, as it is a lab study, the unnetural environmt could also influnce the sleep, as there is a negative correlation between anxiety and sleep, therefoe the settings of the lab could easyly influnce ppts`s distress and therefore disturb the sleep cycle.