endocrine system. fight or flight

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

produce and secrete hormones, they regulate activity of cells

Question 2

pituitary gland: role

Answer 2

influence the release of hormones in other glands

Question 3

pituitary gland: location

Answer 3

under the hypothalamus

Question 4

pituitary gland: controlled by

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

when endocrine gland produces too much of hormones

Answer 5

stop pituitary gland and hypothalamus to produce more = negative feedback, which stops hormone levels from rising too high

Question 6

the way endocrine system regulates hormones:

Answer 6

signal is sent from Hypothalamus to Pituitary gland to release hormones. Pituitary releases ‘stimulating hormone’ and it signals to a target organ e.g. Adrenal Gland. It secretes its hormone and releses into the bloodstream. Then Hypothalamus shuts down the signal to Pituitary and Pituitary shuts down the release of harmones into blood.
it slows down the secretion of targeted organ and results in stable concentration of hormones circulation.

Question 7

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 7

releases ACTH as a response to stress

Question 8

ACTH

Answer 8

stimulates production of cortisol in Adrenal gland

Question 9

location of adrenal glands

Answer 9

on top of the kidneys

Question 10

Components of Adrenal Gland

Answer 10

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Question 11

adrenal cortex

Answer 11

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol and aldosterone.
produces hormones crucial for living

Question 12

cortisol production is the response

Answer 12

to stress

Question 13

if low level of cortisol

Answer 13

low blood pressure
poor immune system
inability to deal with stress

Question 14

aldosterone responsible for

Answer 14

mantaining blood volume and blood pressure

Question 15

adrenal medulla

Answer 15

inner part of the adrenal gland
which produces hormones for Fight or flight

Question 16

hormones produced by adrenal medulla

Answer 16

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 17

adrenaline

Answer 17

response to stress, increase heart rate (affect heart more)

Question 18

Noradrenaline

Answer 18

increases blood pressure, constricts blood vessels (affects blood more)

Question 19

stress mobillises _____

Answer 19

amygdala

Question 20

chronic stress

Answer 20

HPA

Question 20

acute stress takes the path of

Answer 20

SAM

Question 21

SAM pathway

Answer 21

Sympathetic n.s -> adrenal medulla -> adrenaline/noradrenaline -> increase breathing, heart rate, blood pressure -> triggers the release of glucose and fats to supply energy -> when the stress has gone-> Parasympathetic n.s. slows down everything and renews functions like digestion.

Question 22

HPA pathway

Answer 22

hypothalamus releases CRH -> pituitary gland stimulated ->ACTH released ->adrenal gland ->
adrenal Cortex-> Cortisol -> increased blood pressure, energy from fats, immune system suppressed

Question 23

eval 1 top

Answer 23

research contains gender bias in it

Question 24

eval 1 point

gender bias

Answer 24

specifically Beta bias, as it minimises the difference between men and women. By testing only males it assumes that women will have the same algoritm of Fight or flight when facing stress. However, to improve we need to face the differnces and test both genders

Question 25

eval 1 double

gender bias

Answer 25

Taylor et al (2000) tested women and found that their reaction differs. It involves protecting themselves and the younger ones through nurturing behaviour - tending. and looking for someone who can support - befriending.
women may have a differnt repsond because evolutionary they are the primary caregivers of children.

Question 26

eval 1 tail

gender bias and Taylor et al 2000

Answer 26

so if something dangerous happens - it puts at danger not only them but the offspring as well.
it is being explained by the higher level off Oxitocin in females.

Question 27

eval 2 top

extra step

Answer 27

Grey added that the first reaction to stress is not a Fight or Flight

Question 28

eval 2 tail

extra step

Answer 28

the advantage of adopting this repsond is that ‘freez’ focuses the attention on the real danger and makes us look for new information, in order to produce the best responce for that particular threat.

Question 28

eval 2 point

extra step

Answer 28

the initial first respond was named ‘freez’ - which menas to ‘stop, look, listen’. This observation was made through animal study and humans. The body becomes alter to the slightest sign of danger.

Question 29

eval 3 top

sex differences

Answer 29

Lee and Harley 2012 have found genetic differences to the fight or flight repsond

Question 30

eval 3 tail

sex differences

Answer 30

while the absence of SRY gene may create a differnt rapond to a stressfull situation. Resulting in ‘tend and befriend’ behaviour.

Question 30

eval 3 point

sex differences

Answer 30

the SRY gene has been found on the Y chromosom only - it directs male development and promotes agression. Therefore in the stresful situation SRY stimulates release of hormones like adrenaline, which activate organs that are associated with fight ot flight e.g increased heart rate, rapid breathing.