Circadian Rhythms

Question 1

circadian rhythms is

Answer 1

the biological cycle that lasts within the 24h, adapts the body to meet the demand of the day-night cycle

Question 2

what does the circadiam rhythms dectates to us

Answer 2

when to be awake and when to be sleepy

Question 3

when is the biggest urge to sleep

Answer 3

1-3am
2-4pm

Question 4

sleep drive is controlled by…. and placed in….

Answer 4

Syperchaismatic nucleus (SCN)
in Hypothalamus

Question 5

what input does it need to receive

Answer 5

light

Question 6

internal circadia clock is

Answer 6

a free running (24-25h)

Question 7

shift works an Jet leg

Answer 7

disrupts the clock, as it stops matching with the environment
tryingg to be active when the body wants to sleep

Question 8

Photoentrainment

Answer 8

sychronising the inner clock with the environment
making the brain active when it’s light
and making it slow down when it`s dark

Question 9

sleep urge (drive for alertness)

Answer 9

is a conscious or a psychological understanding of need for sleep
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Question 10

sleep drive (sleep need)

Answer 10

is a biological need to sleep

Question 11

circadian clock is controlled by

Answer 11

homeostasis
when we are awake for far too long homeostasis tells us we need to sleep

Question 12

how the sleep-wake cycle happens in terms of hormones

Answer 12

light goes into retina
to SCN to pineal gland and it secretes Melatonin, which makes us sleepy

Question 13

what is another example of Circadian rhythm

Answer 13

temperature

Question 14

when our temperature is the lowest

Answer 14

4:30 am

Question 15

when our temperature is the highest

Answer 15

6:00 pm

Question 16

how is it connceted with sleep-wake cycle

Answer 16

low temerature when we feel sleepy prompting the body to sleep
and it is higher when we are trying to wake up, production of melatonin ceases, and body heats up

Question 17

describe the temperature cycle

Answer 17

12:00-4:00 - going down
4:00-6:00 = the lowest
going up untill2:00 pm
2-4pm is a Postprandial dip
exercise can increase temperature
going up until 9pm increasing alertness, concentration
going down again as the melatonin being produced

Question 18

where Melatonin is produced

Answer 18

pineal gland behind SCN

Question 19

what melatonin does

Answer 19

makes the body sleepy

Question 20

describe melatonin cycle

Answer 20

at 8pm strats to produce melatonin, as less light goes in,
at 3am - pick of melatonin
slowly goes down
around 6am it rrapidly goes down, and starts to wake the body up

Question 21

Circadian rhythm

eval 1 top

Answer 21

a case study of Michel Siffre done as an evidence of Free-running clock

Question 22

Circadian rhythm

eval 1 point

case study

Answer 22

he spent 61 day underground with no light and no clock. nothing that could serve as a exogenous zeitgebers. when he resurfaced, he found himself tinking it was 16 of September, while in reality it was 20th of August. which means 24-hour sleep-wake cycle was increased by the lack of external cues, making him believe one day was much longer than it was.

Question 23

Circadian rhythm

eval 1 tail

cs

Answer 23

suggesting external cues do play an important role in 24 sleep wake cycle, as Michel`s clock has changed dramatically. however, it still went on running, meaning it doesnt fully dpend on light or external cues.

Question 24

Circadian rhythm

eval 2 top

Answer 24

a weakness is the individual differnces that influence the circadian rhythms

Question 25

Circadian rhythm

eval 2 point

Answer 25

found that the length of cycle can be very differnt - form 13 to 65h.
but not only that cycles can start at very differnt times: such we have an early birds - their cycle is shifted earlier than normal 24h cycle.
while for ight owls - the opposite

Question 26

Circadian rhythm

eval 2 tail + double

Answer 26

this explains how differnt people are being awake at differnt times, and how produvtivity differs depending on it

even if it is a weakness to the case studies
it has a good ecological validity as it can be applied in real life and help people to reognise the way their sleep-wake cycle works, which will help them to know when they are the most alert and therefor the most productive, therefore improving their life.

Question 27

Circadian rhythm

eval 3 top

Answer 27

research into circadian rhythm leads a real life application. Chronotherapuitics - which is the study of how timigs affect drug treatment

Question 28

Circadian rhythm

eval 3 point

Answer 28

the specific time when a patient takes in the medicaion can play a significant role in the success of treatmnet.
such the right consentration released at the correct time - when the drug is most needed.
for example the risk of a heart attack is an early morning hours after awakening

Question 29

Circadian rhythm

eval 3 tail

Answer 29

such with that research medics now can administrate the drug into the body foe example at 10 pm, but the actual release will be at the vulnurable hour e.g.6 am
therefore it was possible to improve the drug system

Question 30

eval 4 top

Answer 30

a weakness of early studies is the methodology

Question 31

Circadian rhythm

eval 4 point

Answer 31

as ppts were isolated form cues like clocks, radios, day light, it was believed that they are the onlt ones affecting sleep-wake cycle, however, they weren’t isolated from artificial light, as it was thought it will not influence

Question 32

Circadian rhythm

eval 4 tail

Answer 32

however,later studies showed that it is possible using artificial light to alter the rhythm down to 22 and up to 28h
suggesting, the research was confound by the presence of artificial light