The nervous system and Neurons, Synaptic transmission

Question 1

two types of nervous system

Answer 1

Central and peripheral

Question 2

components of the central nervous system

Answer 2

the brain:
the spinal cord:

Question 3

tell me about spinal cord

Answer 3

rely info between body and brain, regulates procces like digestion, voluntary movement, breathing

Question 4

4 main parts of the brain

Answer 4

(4 main parts) contains of Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon and Brainstem

Question 5

components of peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

somatic and autonomic

Question 6

Somtic Nervous System

Answer 6

has sensory nerves - they relay info TO cns
has motor nerves - they relay info FROM cns
has 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 32 pair of Spinal nerves

Question 7

Autoniomic nervous system responcible for

Answer 7

unconscious actions like breathing

Question 8

components of autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

dealing with emergencies. fight or flight. slows down functions like digestion. can increase blood pressure and heart rate.
neurons from here travel to every organ and gland

Question 10

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

relaxing body after emergencies

Question 11

sensory neurons

Answer 11

carry impulses form the sense organs TO CNS (the spinal cord and brain)

Question 12

Relay neruons

Answer 12

allows sensory neuron to communicate with motor neurons.

Question 13

Where are relay neurons found?

Answer 13

within the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

motor neurons

Answer 14

carry signals FROM CNS to muscles

Question 15

neuron

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 15

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Question 16

neuron

Parts of Neuron

Answer 16

1. Cell Body
2. Axon
3. Myelin sheath
4. Nodes of Ranvier
5. Dendrits

Question 17

neuron

what are the dendrits in the neuron

Answer 17

they extend form the cell body and carry electrical impulses FROM other neurons TO cell body

Question 18

neuron

what is an Axon

Answer 18

extension of the neuron, carries impulses FROM the cell body

Question 19

neuron

what are the Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 19

gaps between Myelin sheath - action potential (impulse) jamps form node to node

Question 20

how Reflex happens

Answer 20

stimuli-> sensory receptor-> rely neuron->spinal cord and brain-> motor neron->synapse-> response

Question 21

more about Motor Neuron

Answer 21

their Cell body lies within CNS, but axon is within PNS. Motor N form synapses - to control muscles - when it`s stimulated - it releases neurotransmitters - creates a muscle movement - axon of Motor N fires - muscle contracts

Question 22

gap between neurons called -

Answer 22

synaptic cleft

Question 23

step 1 of the synaptic transmittion

Answer 23

action potential received by the pre-synaptic neurone

Question 24

step 2 of the synaptic transmittion

Answer 24

action potential stimulates Synaptic Vesicles to release into synapse neurotransmitters

Question 25

step 3 of the synaptic transmittion

Answer 25

when released they move by defusion and bind with specialised receptors from the post-synaptic area and so get activated

Question 26

step 4 of the synaptic transmittion

Answer 26

when activated they produce **excitatory** or **inhibitory** effects

Question 27

step 5 of the synaptic transmittion

Answer 27

the excess of neurotransmitters is either taking back by re-uptake or broken down the quicker it`s taken the shorter the effects (excitatory)

Question 28

what are the excitatory effects

Answer 28

switching ON the NS. It sends a signal to the next Post-synaptic cell and makes it more likely to fire. e.g. Dopamine

Question 29

what are the inhibitory effects

Answer 29

Calming down the NS. It filetrs out unnecessery excitatory signals. the next neurone is less likely to fire e.g. GABA, serotonin

Question 30

how impulse is created part1

Answer 30

neurone is at rest (not active) = negatively charged

Question 31

how impulse is created part 2

Answer 31

neuron become activated by a stimulus (and the cell body becomes Positively charged) = this is Action potential

Question 32

how impulse is created part 3

Answer 32

it creates an electric impulse and travels along the axon to the dendrits at the end of neuron

Question 33

how impulse is created part 4

Answer 33

then Repolarization happens - back to balanse of IPSP and EPSP = resting potential