UE Osteology

Question 1

What is one of the most common fractured bones?

Answer 1

The clavicle due to direct and indirect injuries received by falling

Question 2

What is a green stick fracture?

Answer 2

Fractures of the clavicle that occur in younger children and are often incomplete

Question 3

What are the three components of the scapular head?

Answer 3

Glenoid cavity, supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercle

Question 4

What is the most common fracture site on the humerus?

Answer 4

At the surgical neck

Question 5

What is the greater tubercle of the humerus susceptible to?

Answer 5

Avulsion (separation) by the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor that insert there

Question 6

Why is the groove for the ulnar N on the humerus clinically significant?

Answer 6

Houses the ulnar N and when compressed is painful

This is the origin of the expression funny bone relating to the presence of the ulnar N in this groove on the humerus

Question 7

What can result in avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle?

Answer 7

Severe abduction of the extended elbow (an abnormal movement at this joint)

Question 8

What is often referred to as a fractured elbow?

Answer 8

Fracture of the olecranon process of the ulna
Common in cases of falling, because of the forceful nature of the triceps brachii
Considered an avulsion fracture and is difficult to repair

Question 9

What is a Colle’s fracture?

Answer 9

Fracture of the distal end of the radius (from breaking falls)
The styloid process of the ulna is often also avulsed during this injury

Question 10

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Answer 10

Scaphoid and is usually the result of trying to break a fall

Often the fracture is not visible on a radiograph and therefore is misdiagnosed as a severe sprain

Question 11

What is the distal fragment of the scaphoid susceptible to?

Answer 11

Avascular necrosis since it is usually separated from its blood supply

Question 12

What is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 12

The passage that is anterior to the carpal bones and posterior to the flexor retinaculum
Transmits tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis muscles as well as the flexor carpi radialis is tendon and median N

Question 13

If swelling of the tendons in the carpal tunnel occurs, which nerve can be compressed and what is the result?

Answer 13

Median N which results in carpal tunnel syndrome producing paresthesia, anesthesia and pain

Question 14

What is the ulnar canal (Guyon tunnel)?

Answer 14

The depression between the pisiform and hamulus of the hamate

Question 15

What passes through the ulnar canal (Guyon tunnel)?

Answer 15

Ulnar nerve which is susceptible to compression and manifests as loss of sensation and muscular weakness

Question 16

What is the head of the 5th metacarpal susceptible to?

Answer 16

Fracture when an individual punches something with a closed fist and this condition is referred to as a Boxer’s fracture

Question 17

Fractures of the distal phalanges are commonly the result of what?

Answer 17

Fingers being closed in a door
Because of the intricate relationship between phalanges and flexor tendons, bone fragments must be realigned carefully to maintain function

Question 18

The glenoid labrum commonly tears in individuals who do what?

Answer 18

Repeatedly throw a ball usually in response to a sudden contraction of the biceps brachii muscle and occurs in the anterosuperior part of the labrum

Question 19

Where is the humeral anatomical neck located?

Answer 19

Between humeral head and humeral tubercles

Analogous to femoral neck

Question 20

Where is the humeral surgical neck located?

Answer 20

Between proximal end of humerus and shaft

Common fracture site

Question 21

Describe the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

Answer 21

Articular disc

Fibrocartilaginous disc in the joint space

Question 22

Describe the glenoid labrum

Answer 22

Fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds and deepens the glenoid cavity

Question 23

Describe the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint

Answer 23

Fibrocartilaginous disc extending between the medial edge of the ulnar notch of the radius and the styloid process of the ulna
Sometimes called the triangular L