UE Arthrology

Question 1

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 1

Sellar/saddle synovial joint between the clavicular notch of the manubrium and sternal facet on the sternal end of the clavicle

Question 2

Which ligaments hold the sternoclavicular joint together?

Answer 2

Costoclavicular L, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular L, and interclavicular L

Question 3

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 3

Planar synovial joint between the acromial facet on the acromial end of the clavicle and the facet on the acromion of the scapula

Question 4

Which ligaments are responsible for holding the acromioclavicular joint together?

Answer 4

Acromioclavicular L and coracoclavicular L (composed of trapezoid and conoid Ls)

Question 5

What is the acromioclavicular joint susceptible to?

Answer 5

Injury and separation often referred to as shoulder separation and is capable of separating with or without rupture of the coracoclavicular L

Question 6

What is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

Spheroidal synovial joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapular head which is deepened and supported by the glenoid labrum and the head of the humerus

Question 7

The articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint is open in two places to allow the passage of what?

Answer 7

The long head of the biceps T and communication with the subscapular bursa

Question 8

Which bursa are present in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 8

Subscapular and subacromial bursa

Question 9

Which ligaments hold the glenohumeral joint together?

Answer 9

Glenohumeral L, coracohumeral L, transverse humeral L, coracoacromial arch

Question 10

Describe the coracoacromial arch

Answer 10

Osseoligamentous arch preventing superior displacement of the humerus from the glenoid cavity
Includes the coracoacromial L

Question 11

What is the glenohumeral joint susceptible to?

Answer 11

Dislocation due to its mobility and relative instability
Due to the presence of coracoacromial arch dislocation of the glenohumeral joint most commonly occurs anterior or inferiorly

Question 12

What is the elbow joint?

Answer 12

Ginglymus/hinge synovial joint between the humeral condyle, the trochlear notch of the ulna and head of the radius

Question 13

What is the humeroulnar joint?

Answer 13

Trochlear notch of ulna wrapping around humeral trochlea

Held together by the ulnar collateral L (made of 3 bands)

Question 14

What is the humeroradial joint?

Answer 14

Humeral capitulum articulating with the fovea of the radial head
Held together with the radial collateral L (fan shaped)

Question 15

What is the elbow capable of?

Answer 15

Being dislocated posteriorly in response to force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm
Usually involves a tear in the ulnar collateral L

Question 16

What are the two common bursa of the elbow to become inflamed?

Answer 16

Subcutaneous bursa of the olecranon bursa and the bicipitoradial bursa

Question 17

What is subcutaneous olecranon bursitis?

Answer 17

Sometimes called students elbow, dart throwers elbow and miner’s elbow
Results from excessive friction between the skin and the olecranon

Question 18

What is the radioulnar joint?

Answer 18

Three different articulations between the radius and ulna

Question 19

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 19

Trochoid synovial joint

Primary site of supination and pronation

Question 20

Which ligaments hold the proximal radioulnar joint together?

Answer 20

Annular L

Question 21

The radial head is capable of what?

Answer 21

Being dislocated out of the annular L to varying degrees

This injury typically occurs from pulling on the arm of a child sometimes called Nursemaid’s elbow or pulled elbow

Question 22

What is the middle radioulnar joint?

Answer 22

Syndesmosis including the oblique cord between the ulna and radius + interosseous membrane

Question 23

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 23

Trochoid synovial joint between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius laterally and the articular disc inferiorly

Question 24

What is the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?

Answer 24

Condylar synovial joint between the distal end of the radius plus the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the scaphoid, lunate and Triquetrum bones

Question 25

Which ligaments hold the radiocarpal joint together?

Answer 25

Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal L, palmar and dorsal ulnarcarpal L, radial and ulnar collateral L

Question 26

What are the intercarpal joints?

Answer 26

Planar synovial joints including scapholunate, lunotriquetrum, pisotriquetrum, pisohamate, trapeziotrapezoid, capitohamate and trapeziocapitate

Question 27

Which ligaments hold the intercarpal joints together?

Answer 27

Posterior and anterior intercarpal L, interosseous intercarpal L

Question 28

What is the pisiform joint?

Answer 28

Articulation of the pisiform with the anterior surface of the triquetrum Held together by pisohamate L (between pisiform and hook of hamate)

Question 29

What is the midcarpal joint?

Answer 29

Saddle synovial joint between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

Question 30

What strengthens the midcarpal joint?

Answer 30

Anterior and posterior intercarpal L | Radial and ulnar collateral L of the wrist

Question 31

What is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 31

Saddle synovial joint from trapezium to 1st metacarpal | Held together by palmar and dorsal carpometacarpal Ls

Question 32

What is the 2nd-5th carpometacarpal joints?

Answer 32

Planar synovial joint from distal carpal row to 2nd-5th metacarpal

Question 33

Which ligaments hold the 2-5th carpometacarpal joints together?

Answer 33

Palmar and dorsal carpometacarpal Ls Pisometacarpal L Radiate carpal L

Question 34

What are the intermetacarpal joints?

Answer 34

4 planar synovial joints between the bases of the 5 metacarpals Held together by the dorsal and palmar intermetacarpal Ls as well as the interosseous intermetacarpal L

Question 35

What are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

Answer 35

5 condylar synovial joints held together by palmar L, medial and lateral collateral L as well as deep transverse metacarpal L

Question 36

What injury is common in individuals who ride a mechanical bull and is therefore now as bull rider’s thumb?

Answer 36

Sprain of the lateral collateral L and even avulsion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 37

Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joints results in what?

Answer 37

Hyperabduction of that joint and is referred to as Skier’s thumb or game keeper’s thumb

Question 38

What is the 1st interphalangeal joint?

Answer 38

Ginglymus/ hinge synovial joint held together by palmar L, medial and lateral collateral Ls

Question 39

What are the proximal interphalangeal joints?

Answer 39

4 Ginglymus/hinge synovial joints that are the union between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges Held together by palmar, medial and lateral collateral Ls

Question 40

What are the distal interphalangeal joints?

Answer 40

4 Ginglymus/hinge synovial joints between 2nd-5th intermediate and distal phalanges Held together by palmar L, medial and lateral collateral Ls

Question 41

Sudden hyper flexion of the distal IP joint can cause what?

Answer 41

Avulsion of the attachment of the long extensor tendon with that tendon away from the distal phalanx known as mallet finger or baseball finger