UE Arthrology Flashcards
What is the sternoclavicular joint?
Sellar/saddle synovial joint between the clavicular notch of the manubrium and sternal facet on the sternal end of the clavicle
Which ligaments hold the sternoclavicular joint together?
Costoclavicular L, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular L, and interclavicular L
What is the acromioclavicular joint?
Planar synovial joint between the acromial facet on the acromial end of the clavicle and the facet on the acromion of the scapula
Which ligaments are responsible for holding the acromioclavicular joint together?
Acromioclavicular L and coracoclavicular L (composed of trapezoid and conoid Ls)
What is the acromioclavicular joint susceptible to?
Injury and separation often referred to as shoulder separation and is capable of separating with or without rupture of the coracoclavicular L
What is the glenohumeral joint?
Spheroidal synovial joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapular head which is deepened and supported by the glenoid labrum and the head of the humerus
The articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint is open in two places to allow the passage of what?
The long head of the biceps T and communication with the subscapular bursa
Which bursa are present in the glenohumeral joint?
Subscapular and subacromial bursa
Which ligaments hold the glenohumeral joint together?
Glenohumeral L, coracohumeral L, transverse humeral L, coracoacromial arch
Describe the coracoacromial arch
Osseoligamentous arch preventing superior displacement of the humerus from the glenoid cavity
Includes the coracoacromial L
What is the glenohumeral joint susceptible to?
Dislocation due to its mobility and relative instability
Due to the presence of coracoacromial arch dislocation of the glenohumeral joint most commonly occurs anterior or inferiorly
What is the elbow joint?
Ginglymus/hinge synovial joint between the humeral condyle, the trochlear notch of the ulna and head of the radius
What is the humeroulnar joint?
Trochlear notch of ulna wrapping around humeral trochlea
Held together by the ulnar collateral L (made of 3 bands)
What is the humeroradial joint?
Humeral capitulum articulating with the fovea of the radial head
Held together with the radial collateral L (fan shaped)
What is the elbow capable of?
Being dislocated posteriorly in response to force transmitted along the long axis of the forearm
Usually involves a tear in the ulnar collateral L
What are the two common bursa of the elbow to become inflamed?
Subcutaneous bursa of the olecranon bursa and the bicipitoradial bursa
What is subcutaneous olecranon bursitis?
Sometimes called students elbow, dart throwers elbow and miner’s elbow
Results from excessive friction between the skin and the olecranon
What is the radioulnar joint?
Three different articulations between the radius and ulna
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Trochoid synovial joint
Primary site of supination and pronation
Which ligaments hold the proximal radioulnar joint together?
Annular L
The radial head is capable of what?
Being dislocated out of the annular L to varying degrees
This injury typically occurs from pulling on the arm of a child sometimes called Nursemaid’s elbow or pulled elbow
What is the middle radioulnar joint?
Syndesmosis including the oblique cord between the ulna and radius + interosseous membrane
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
Trochoid synovial joint between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius laterally and the articular disc inferiorly
What is the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?
Condylar synovial joint between the distal end of the radius plus the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the scaphoid, lunate and Triquetrum bones
Which ligaments hold the radiocarpal joint together?
Palmar and dorsal radiocarpal L, palmar and dorsal ulnarcarpal L, radial and ulnar collateral L
What are the intercarpal joints?
Planar synovial joints including scapholunate, lunotriquetrum, pisotriquetrum, pisohamate, trapeziotrapezoid, capitohamate and trapeziocapitate
Which ligaments hold the intercarpal joints together?
Posterior and anterior intercarpal L, interosseous intercarpal L
What is the pisiform joint?
Articulation of the pisiform with the anterior surface of the triquetrum
Held together by pisohamate L (between pisiform and hook of hamate)
What is the midcarpal joint?
Saddle synovial joint between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones
What strengthens the midcarpal joint?
Anterior and posterior intercarpal L
Radial and ulnar collateral L of the wrist
What is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
Saddle synovial joint from trapezium to 1st metacarpal
Held together by palmar and dorsal carpometacarpal Ls
What is the 2nd-5th carpometacarpal joints?
Planar synovial joint from distal carpal row to 2nd-5th metacarpal
Which ligaments hold the 2-5th carpometacarpal joints together?
Palmar and dorsal carpometacarpal Ls
Pisometacarpal L
Radiate carpal L
What are the intermetacarpal joints?
4 planar synovial joints between the bases of the 5 metacarpals
Held together by the dorsal and palmar intermetacarpal Ls as well as the interosseous intermetacarpal L
What are the metacarpophalangeal joints?
5 condylar synovial joints held together by palmar L, medial and lateral collateral L as well as deep transverse metacarpal L
What injury is common in individuals who ride a mechanical bull and is therefore now as bull rider’s thumb?
Sprain of the lateral collateral L and even avulsion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Laxity or rupture of both collateral ligaments of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joints results in what?
Hyperabduction of that joint and is referred to as Skier’s thumb or game keeper’s thumb
What is the 1st interphalangeal joint?
Ginglymus/ hinge synovial joint held together by palmar L, medial and lateral collateral Ls
What are the proximal interphalangeal joints?
4 Ginglymus/hinge synovial joints that are the union between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges
Held together by palmar, medial and lateral collateral Ls
What are the distal interphalangeal joints?
4 Ginglymus/hinge synovial joints between 2nd-5th intermediate and distal phalanges
Held together by palmar L, medial and lateral collateral Ls
Sudden hyper flexion of the distal IP joint can cause what?
Avulsion of the attachment of the long extensor tendon with that tendon away from the distal phalanx known as mallet finger or baseball finger
