UE Neurology Flashcards
Describe the supraclavicular nerve of the cervical plexus
C3-4
Cutaneous innervation to the skin over the neck and shoulder
Includes lateral, middle and medial supraclavicular Ns
The brachial plexus is the anterior rami of what?
C5-T1
What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
Dorsal scapular N, long thoracic N and muscular branches (to scalenes)
What is the nerve root for dorsal scapular N?
C5
What is the nerve root for long thoracic N?
C5-7
What are trunks of the brachial plexus?
Superior trunk (C5-6) containing the suprascapular and subclavian N Middle (C7) and inferior trunk (C8-T1)
What does the suprascapular N innervate?
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus M
What does the subclavian N innervate?
Subclavius
What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?
Anterior division which forms the medial and latearl cords
Posterior division which forms the posterior cord
What are the three cords of the brachial plexus?
Medial, lateral and posterior
What nerve branches off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)
Innervates pec major
What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous and medial antebrachial Ns
All C8-T1
What does the medial pectoral N innervate?
Pec minor and major
What does the medial brachial cutaneous N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation for the brachium
What does the medial antebrachium cutaneous N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation of the antebrachium
What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Superior (upper) subscapular, thoracodorsal and inferior (lower) subscapular N
Describe the superior/upper subscapular nerve
C5-6
Innervates superior portion of subscapularis
Describe the thoracodorsal N
C6-8
Innervates latissimus dorsi
Describe the inferior/lower subscapular N
C5-6
Innervates the inferior portion of the subscapular M and teres major M
What is the terminal branch of the lateral cord?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7) and median nerve
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
Anterior brachial muscles including coracobrachialis (which it pierces), biceps brachii and brachialis
Which nerve supplies sensory cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the antebrachium?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous N (C6-7)
Branch from musculocutaneous N
What are the terminal branches of the posterior cord?
Axillary and radial nerve
Describe the axillary N
C5-6
Innervates deltoid and teres minor + sensory innervation to the glenohumeral joint
Branches into superior lateral brachial cutaneous N
What is the superior lateral brachial cutaneous N?
Branch from the axillary N
C5-6
Sensory cutaneous innervation for the superior half of the lateral aspect of the brachium
What are the terminal branches of the of the medial cord?
Median and ulnar nerve
Describe the median N
C5-T1
Formed by the union of medial and lateral cord terminal branches
Branches include articular, muscular, anterior interosseous, palmar cutaneous, recurrent branch lateral and medial branch
What are the nerve roots for the ulnar N?
C7-T1
What are the nerve roots of the radial N?
C5-T1
What do the articular branches of the median N innervate?
Sensory innervation to the elbow joint
What do the muscular branches of the median N innervate?
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis
What does the anterior interosseous N of the median N innervate?
Lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus
Provides sensory innervation to wrist joint
Runs with anterior interosseous A
What does the palmar cutaneous branch of the median N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation to the central palm
Originates from median N before it enters the carpal tunnel
What does the recurrent branch of the median N innervate?
C8-T1
Abductor pollicis, opponens pollicis and superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis
What does the medial branch of the median N innervate?
2nd lumbrical muscle and becomes the medial two common palmar digital Ns —> proper palmar digital Ns
What do the proper palmar digital Ns of the median N innervate?
Dorsal and palmar distal surfaces of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd and lateral half of 4th digit
Describe the lateral branch of the median N
Innervates the 1st lumbrical
Becomes two common plantar palmar digital N which form the proper palmar digital Ns
What are the branches of the ulnar N?
Articular branches, muscular branches, palmar cutaneous branch, dorsal cutaneous branch, deep and superficial ulnar
What does the articular branch of the ulnar N innervate?
Sensory innervation from the elbow joint
What do the muscular branches of the ulnar N innervate?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus
What does the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation to the distal most anterior antebrachium and medial 1/3 of palm
What does the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation to the medial half of the dorsum of the hand
Forms digital branches of dorsal digital Ns which supply 4th and 5th digits
What does the deep ulnar N innervate?
Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, 3 and 4th lumbricals, dorsal and palmar interossei, adductor pollicis and deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
Describe the superficial ulnar N
Branches into common palmar digital N —> proper palmar digital N which provides sensory innervation to the medial half of 4th and 5th digits
What are the branches of the radial N?
Posterior brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, muscular branches, deep radial, posterior interosseous and superficial radial N
What does the posterior brachial cutaneous N of the radial N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation from the posterior aspect of the brachium
C5-8
What does the posterior antebrachium of the cutaneous N of the radial N innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the antebrachium
C5-8
Produces inferior lateral brachial cutaneous N
What do the muscular branches of the radial N innervate?
Triceps, aconeus, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
What does the deep radial N innervate?
C7-8
Extensor carpi radialis brevis and supinator
Terminal branch of radial N and continues as the posterior interosseous N
What does the posterior interosseous N of the radial N innervate?
Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnar, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
What does the superficial radial N innervate?
Sensory to numerous joints in the hand and wrist
Sensory cutaneous innervation from the lateral half of the dorsum of the hand
Produces 3-4 dorsal digital branches —> digital branches of dorsal digital
What do the digital branches of the dorsal digital Ns (of radial N) innervate?
Sensory cutaneous innervation from the dorsal aspect of the pollux, proximal aspect of the dorsum of 2nd, 3rd and lateral half of the 4th digits
What are the thoracic spinal nerves?
Intercostobrachial N
Describe the intercostobrachial N of the thoracic spinal nerves
Lateral cutaneous branch of the 2nd intercostal N (T2)
Provides sensory cutaneous innervation to the uppermost medial aspect of the brachium
Where is the C5 dermatome?
Over the deltoid
Where is the C6 dermatome?
Lateral antebrachium and hand including the pollux
Where is the C7 dermatome?
Central portion of the hand and posterior antebrachium including the 3rd digit
Where is the C8 dermatome?
Medial hand and antebrachium including 5th digit
Where is the T1 dermatome?
Medial brachium
Where is the T2 dermatome?
Anterior border of axilla
