U4 - Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

a change in behavior due to experience

Question 2

habiyuation

Answer 2

simple form of adaptive learning where an organism stops paying attention to a stimuli that is often repeated and doesn’t signal anything important

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

the learningof emotional and or physiological reactions due to involuntary association

Question 4

pavlov

Answer 4

experiment where dogs were restrained in an isolated enviorment and they began salivating when a resercher opened the door to feed them

Question 5

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

an unlearned stimulus that elicits an involuntary repsonse

Question 6

unconditioned response

Answer 6

the involuntary reaction to the unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

neutral stimulus

Answer 7

prior to pairing, the neutral stimulus does not elicit the unconditioned or conditioned response on its own

Question 8

conditioned stimulus

Answer 8

a stimulus that an organism has learned to associate with teh unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

conditioned response

Answer 9

the learned reaction to the conditioned stimulus

Question 10

watson

Answer 10

little albert study

Question 11

little albert study

Answer 11

loud noises - fear
rat + loud noises - fear
rat - fear

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

after the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented, the association becomes weaker and eventually disappears

Question 13

spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

afetr extinction, one presentation of the conditioned stimulus elists the conditioned response again

Question 14

stimulus generalization

Answer 14

stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus also elicit the conditioned response

Question 15

stimulus discrimination

Answer 15

only the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response

Question 16

higher order conditioning

Answer 16

chain reaction
a secondarycondition stimulus can predict the primary conditioned stimulus ( though learned association) which predicts the unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

resclora contingency factors

Answer 17

timing - best in unconditioned stimulus follows neutral stimulus by no mroe tahn a few seconds
predictablity - the pairing should be consistent and exclusive
attention - the stimulus the organism is paying attention to becomes the conditioned stimules
signal strngth - stronger the signal, stronger the association

Question 18

bioprepardness

Answer 18

we have biological predispositions to make certain asscoiation

Question 19

tatse aversion

Answer 19

if you eat food and get sick, you don’t want anything to do with the food, doen’t follow contingency model

Question 20

operant conditioning

Answer 20

the voluntary change in behavior as a result of consequences (asscoiationg behavior with the consequence)

Question 21

skinner

Answer 21

operant chamber

Question 22

operant chamber/skinner box

Answer 22

rat hits lever - pellet
rat hits lever again - pellet - makes association
hit hit hit hit hit

Question 23

primary vs secondary reinforcer

Answer 23

primary - naturally occuring reinforcer; no learning is neccessary for it to reinforce behaior as it satifies a biological need
secondary - the reinforcing power is learned

Question 24

positive reinforcement

Answer 24

adding something desirable to increase/ reinforce behavior

Question 25

negative reinforcement

Answer 25

removing something undesirable to increase/strengthen behavior

Question 26

excape conditioning

Answer 26

learning abehavior to escape an unpleasent stimulus that you are already being exposed to

Question 27

avoidence conditioning

Answer 27

learning behavior to prevent an unpleasent stimulus

Question 28

positive punsihment

Answer 28

decreasing liklihood a behavior will occur again by adding something undesirable

Question 29

negative punishment

Answer 29

decreaisng liklihood a behavior will occur again by removing something desirable

Question 30

shaping vs chaining

Answer 30

shaping - rewarding successive approximation of a whole behavior
chaining- reinforcment of broken down steps of teh complex behavior

Question 31

discriminative stimuli

Answer 31

only a particular behavior produces the consequence

Question 32

generalization

Answer 32

similar behaviors produce the same consequence

Question 33

premack principle

Answer 33

1st complete needed behavior, then you get to do desired behavior
reinforces exist in a heirchy

Question 34

disequilibrium theory

Answer 34

any activity can become a reinforcer is access is restricted

Question 35

continous vs intermittent reinforcment

Answer 35

continous - reward is given every time the behavor occurs
intermittent - reward is not given every time the behavior occus

Question 36

intermittent reinforcemnet

Answer 36

rixed ratio schedule - after 5 assignment
variable ratio schedule - ask for candy until mom says yes
fixed interval schedule - paycheck every 3 weeks
variable interval schedule - popquiz

Question 37

learned helplessness

Answer 37

tendency to give up any effort to change one’s enviorment after repeated faliure

Question 38

tolman

Answer 38

rat maze experiment comparig rewards and success
rewarded - imporvment
not rewarded - slow improvment
rewarded after 11th day - improvment after 11th day

Question 39

latent learning

Answer 39

learning that is not immediatly evident
usually demonstrated later on

Question 40

cognitive map

Answer 40

mental represntations of familiar location

Question 41

insight

Answer 41

the sudden relization to the solution to a problem

Question 42

observational learning

Answer 42

learning by watching others

Question 43

modeling

Answer 43

learning enw behaviors by watching others and imitating

Question 44

vicarious learning

Answer 44

learning new behaviors by watching teh consquences of some else’s behavior

Question 45

bandura

Answer 45

bobodoll experiment

Question 46

bobo doll expirtment

Answer 46

kids see violoence and do violence on bobo doll

Question 47

kohler

Answer 47

monkeys