U3 - Sensation and Perception

Question 1

sensation vs perception

Answer 1

senation: bringing in sensory stimuli from enviorment
perception - interpretartion of stimuli

Question 2

synesthesia

Answer 2

cross talk of senses

Question 3

absolute threshold

Answer 3

min amount of energy needed to detct the precense of a stimulis

Question 4

JND

Answer 4

min amount of energy needed to detect the change in intensity of a stimulus

Question 5

weber’s law

Answer 5

JND is a fixed porpotion of teh intensity of teh stimulus

Question 6

signal detection theory

Answer 6

hit: response - present; stimuli - present
miss: response - absent; stimuli - present
false alarm: response - present; stimuli - absent
sorrect rejection: response - absent; stimuli - absent

Question 7

subliminal perception

Answer 7

processing info w/o conciousness awarness
subliminal stimuli = below absolute threshold

Question 8

priming

Answer 8

occurs when exposure to a stimuls influences our perceptipn

Question 9

sensory adaptation

Answer 9

decline in sensitivity to stimulsus that are presented at a constant level

Question 10

tranduction

Answer 10

converting energy to neural impulse

Question 11

visual process

Answer 11

light wave - cornea - iris pupil - lens - image is inverted - rentina - where transduction occurs - photorecptors reposnsible for trnsduction - bipolar cells - ganglion cells - bundle together to form optic disk - optic dick - thalamus - occipital lobe

Question 12

accomodation

Answer 12

ability of the lens to bend light rays to focus image

Question 13

phorecepters

Answer 13

sensory receptors for vision - respnsible for transduction

Question 14

cones

Answer 14

colro vision

Question 15

fovea

Answer 15

center of retina with highest concentration of cells; greatest visual acuity

Question 16

rods

Answer 16

balck and white

Question 17

bipolar cells

Answer 17

recieve visual signal from phoreceptors; help to see contract and edges

Question 18

ganglion cells

Answer 18

signals from bipolar cells to ganglion cells; bend together to form aptic nerve

Question 19

blindspot

Answer 19

where the optic nerve leave seach eye

Question 20

prosopagnosia

Answer 20

inability to recognize humn faces

Question 21

additive.subtractive color mixing

Answer 21

additive: more light, the closer to white
subtractive: more color, closer to black

Question 22

young helmholtz trichromatic theory

Answer 22

tehere are trhee types of receptors - green, red, blue

Question 23

colro blindenss

Answer 23

lack of one of the trhee types of cones

Question 24

opponenet process tehory

Answer 24

colro perception is determined by the activity of 3 opponents systems
yellow - blue, red - green, black - white

Question 25

after images

Answer 25

an image continuing to appear on one’s vision afetr the exposure to the origional image has ceased

Question 26

perceptual set

Answer 26

tendency to percieve ta stimuli in a particular way

Question 27

bottom up processing

Answer 27

using details of stilui to guide perception

Question 28

top down processing

Answer 28

using prior experience to guide perception

Question 29

inattentional blindness and change blindness

Answer 29

faliure to see objects or changes in enviorment due to focus directed elsewhere

Question 30

gestalt principles

Answer 30

proximity - objects that are close together aee grouped together
closure - filling in the gaps to percieve a completed image
similarity - grouping based on like charatceristics
simplicty - tend to percieve simplest form of stimuli
continuity - continuous lines
common region - grouping by boudries

Question 31

visual cliff

Answer 31

the apparatus ised to test depth perception in infants

Question 32

binoucular depth cues

Answer 32

retinal disparity - guided by the amount of differnce in what each eye sees

convergece - sensing the eyes turning inward

Question 33

molecular depth cues

Answer 33

linear persepective - parallel lines converge

texture gradient - closer objects - more detail

interposition - closer objects block farther objects

relative size - lager on retina = closer\

height in plane - near objects = lower in visual field

light and shadow - 3D

motion parallax - move quicker = closer

Question 34

phi phenomenon / stroboscopic motion

Answer 34

illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession

Question 35

looming

Answer 35

as image expands on retina, we percieve it as approaching

Question 36

perceptual constancies

Answer 36

tendency to experience a stable perception despit changing sensory input

Question 37

sound

Answer 37

amplitude - loudness
wavelength - pitch
purity - timbre

Question 38

sensory processing

Answer 38

sound wave - pinna - ear cannel - tympanic membrane (ear drum) - 3 little bones - oral wondow - cochea - basiclar membrane - auditory nerve - thalamus - temporal lobe

Question 39

place theory

Answer 39

perception of pitch - location of vibration on basilar memebrane
high frequency

Question 40

frequency theory

Answer 40

perception of pitch - rate of vibration of basilar membrane
low frequency

Question 41

conduction deafness

Answer 41

damage to 3 little bones

Question 42

sensorineural deafness

Answer 42

damage to cilia or auditory nerves

Question 43

papillae

Answer 43

taste buds -

Question 44

olfaction

Answer 44

smell

Question 45

olfactory bulb

Answer 45

in brain cilia sends dirctly there

Question 46

pheromones

Answer 46

chemicals that shape behavior of animals

Question 47

soatosensory system

Answer 47

pressure, pain, temp

Question 48

a delta vs c fibers

Answer 48

a dleta - carry quick sharp pain signals
c - carry chronic, dull, aches

Question 49

gate control theory

Answer 49

pain can be blocked at spine and other signals sent

Question 50

vestibular sense

Answer 50

balance and spatial orientation