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AP Psych > U3 - Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

U3 - Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation vs perception

A

senation: bringing in sensory stimuli from enviorment
perception - interpretartion of stimuli

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2
Q

synesthesia

A

cross talk of senses

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3
Q

absolute threshold

A

min amount of energy needed to detct the precense of a stimulis

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4
Q

JND

A

min amount of energy needed to detect the change in intensity of a stimulus

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5
Q

weber’s law

A

JND is a fixed porpotion of teh intensity of teh stimulus

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6
Q

signal detection theory

A

hit: response - present; stimuli - present
miss: response - absent; stimuli - present
false alarm: response - present; stimuli - absent
sorrect rejection: response - absent; stimuli - absent

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7
Q

subliminal perception

A

processing info w/o conciousness awarness
subliminal stimuli = below absolute threshold

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8
Q

priming

A

occurs when exposure to a stimuls influences our perceptipn

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9
Q

sensory adaptation

A

decline in sensitivity to stimulsus that are presented at a constant level

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10
Q

tranduction

A

converting energy to neural impulse

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11
Q

visual process

A

light wave - cornea - iris pupil - lens - image is inverted - rentina - where transduction occurs - photorecptors reposnsible for trnsduction - bipolar cells - ganglion cells - bundle together to form optic disk - optic dick - thalamus - occipital lobe

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12
Q

accomodation

A

ability of the lens to bend light rays to focus image

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13
Q

phorecepters

A

sensory receptors for vision - respnsible for transduction

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14
Q

cones

A

colro vision

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15
Q

fovea

A

center of retina with highest concentration of cells; greatest visual acuity

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16
Q

rods

A

balck and white

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17
Q

bipolar cells

A

recieve visual signal from phoreceptors; help to see contract and edges

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18
Q

ganglion cells

A

signals from bipolar cells to ganglion cells; bend together to form aptic nerve

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19
Q

blindspot

A

where the optic nerve leave seach eye

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20
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize humn faces

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21
Q

additive.subtractive color mixing

A

additive: more light, the closer to white
subtractive: more color, closer to black

22
Q

young helmholtz trichromatic theory

A

tehere are trhee types of receptors - green, red, blue

23
Q

colro blindenss

A

lack of one of the trhee types of cones

24
Q

opponenet process tehory

A

colro perception is determined by the activity of 3 opponents systems
yellow - blue, red - green, black - white

25
Q

after images

A

an image continuing to appear on one’s vision afetr the exposure to the origional image has ceased

26
Q

perceptual set

A

tendency to percieve ta stimuli in a particular way

27
Q

bottom up processing

A

using details of stilui to guide perception

28
Q

top down processing

A

using prior experience to guide perception

29
Q

inattentional blindness and change blindness

A

faliure to see objects or changes in enviorment due to focus directed elsewhere

30
Q

gestalt principles

A

proximity - objects that are close together aee grouped together
closure - filling in the gaps to percieve a completed image
similarity - grouping based on like charatceristics
simplicty - tend to percieve simplest form of stimuli
continuity - continuous lines
common region - grouping by boudries

31
Q

visual cliff

A

the apparatus ised to test depth perception in infants

32
Q

binoucular depth cues

A

retinal disparity - guided by the amount of differnce in what each eye sees

convergece - sensing the eyes turning inward

33
Q

molecular depth cues

A

linear persepective - parallel lines converge

texture gradient - closer objects - more detail

interposition - closer objects block farther objects

relative size - lager on retina = closer\

height in plane - near objects = lower in visual field

light and shadow - 3D

motion parallax - move quicker = closer

34
Q

phi phenomenon / stroboscopic motion

A

illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession

35
Q

looming

A

as image expands on retina, we percieve it as approaching

36
Q

perceptual constancies

A

tendency to experience a stable perception despit changing sensory input

37
Q

sound

A

amplitude - loudness
wavelength - pitch
purity - timbre

38
Q

sensory processing

A

sound wave - pinna - ear cannel - tympanic membrane (ear drum) - 3 little bones - oral wondow - cochea - basiclar membrane - auditory nerve - thalamus - temporal lobe

39
Q

place theory

A

perception of pitch - location of vibration on basilar memebrane
high frequency

40
Q

frequency theory

A

perception of pitch - rate of vibration of basilar membrane
low frequency

41
Q

conduction deafness

A

damage to 3 little bones

42
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

damage to cilia or auditory nerves

43
Q

papillae

A

taste buds -

44
Q

olfaction

A

smell

45
Q

olfactory bulb

A

in brain cilia sends dirctly there

46
Q

pheromones

A

chemicals that shape behavior of animals

47
Q

soatosensory system

A

pressure, pain, temp

48
Q

a delta vs c fibers

A

a dleta - carry quick sharp pain signals
c - carry chronic, dull, aches

49
Q

gate control theory

A

pain can be blocked at spine and other signals sent

50
Q

vestibular sense

A

balance and spatial orientation

AP Psych (8 decks)

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