U3 AOS1 TENSES Flashcards
What’s the present participle?
the ‘ing’ part of the verb in English and is in the present tense
How is the present participle formed?
Present participle is formed by dropping the ending -ons from the first person plural (nous form) and adding -ant
what are the irregulars of the present participle?
avoir=ayant, étant=être and savoir=sachant
what is an example of the present participle?
tout en les aimant, je reconnais leurs défauts (although i like them, i recognise their defaults)
how is the imperfect tense formed?
it’s formed by dropping the -ons ending from the first person plural of the perfect tense (nous form) and adding the endings -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient
what is the only exception to the imperfect tense?
être acts as the exception as it is j’étais, tu étais, il était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils étaient. It’s used to describe past habits/people/weather/actions that were started in the past but not completed
when to use the imperfect tense?
to describe past habits/ people/weather/actions that were started in the past but not completed + with verbs showing mental activity/ feelings like avoir, croire, aimer, penser, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir + conditions descriptions in the past+used with SI, depuis, il y avait que,voila que,ca faisait que
when to use the passe compose?
used when talking about something that happened and was completed at a definite time in the past
what are some irregulars of the passe compose?
sourire=souri, suivre=suivi, mettre=mis, suffire=suffi, devoir=du
les dangers que j’ai couru
the dangers I faced
voilà les photos que j’ai prises
here are the photos that I took
how to make the past participle agree with verbs conjugated with avoir?
the past participle of verbs using avoir in the passé composé agrees in number and in gender with a preceding direct object
how to form the future tense?
formed by using the infinitive but adding -ai,-as,-a,-ons,-ez,-ont to it and the final ‘e’ or RE verbs are dropped (like attendre =j’attendrai)
what are the irregulars of the future tense?
aller=ir base, avoir=aur base, être=ser base, faire=fer base, savoir=saur base, falloir=il faudra, vouloir=voudr, pourvoir=pourr, voir=verr, devoir=devr, recevoir=recevr
when to use the future tense?
when future time is referenced, after penser/savoir/espérer que + ne pas savoir si and in indirect discourse
how to form the conditional?
formed by adding -ais,-ais,-ait,-ions,-iez,-ions,-aient to the future stem of the verb. The endings are the same as those for the imperfect tense. Verbs that have irregular stems in the future tense have the same irregular stem in the conditional
what does the conditional mean?
It is used to express ‘would’ + in this tense devoir doesn’t mean must as it means ‘should’ and expresses an obligation/ necessity, after certain conjunctions like quand/lorsque, to soften a request/command/desire
when is the conditional used?
to express possibility/usure action and in indirect discourse so when the main verb is in the past tense but the future tense is used when the verb in the main clause is in the present tense
Il m’a demandé si je voyagerais en France
He asked me if I would travel in France
what is the pluperfect tense?
used to express a past action completed prior to another past action that’s either mentioned or understood from the context
how is the pluperfect tense formed?
formed by using the imperfect tense of avoir or etre with the past participle
what’s an example of a pluperfect tense?
j’avais parle (i had said)
how is the subjunctive formed?
formed by dropping the -ent ending from the plural form of the present verb and adding the endings -e,-es,-e,-ions,-iez,-ent
what are the exceptions to the subjective tense?
verbs ending in -ier like étudier, oublier, rire + sourire have a double i in the nous/vous form since the base ends in -i, for verbs ending in -yer like envoyer, essayer, nettoyer, croire + voir change the i to y in nous/vous form, for verbs with é the accent goes the other way for the nous/vous form, verbs like acheter/lever get rid of the accent for nous/vous form, prendre base becomes prenn for all but nous/vous form (pren) and venir base becomes vienn to ven for nous/vous form.
what are the irregulars for the subjunctive tense?
irregulars include avoir (base=ai), etre (base=soi), pouvoir (base=puiss), faire (base=fass), savoir (base=sach), vouloir (base=veuill), aller (base=aill), valoir (base=vaill), falloir (becomes il faille), pleuvoir (becomes il pleuve)
what is the subjunctive tense?
Uses include to express wishes/preferences/desires (vouloir,préfère), doubt (douter), denial, emotions + feelings, an order/command/requirement, permission or refusal for permission
example of subjunctive tense?
elle est triste que nous partions
what is être en train de
refers to the present tense and is equivalent to ‘in the process of…’
venir in the imperfect tense
the base is nous venons so it would be formed like je venais
prendre in the imperfect tense
the base is nous prenons so it is for example je prenais
present participle of manger
mangeant (imperfect despite having similar forming patterns in mangais)
can ‘venir de’ be used in imperfect tense
yes, venait de
what is the base of connaitre and construire for the imperfect tense?
connaiss
construis
example of conditional
je croyais qu’elle voudrait venir (i thought she would want to come)
example of subjunctive
il semblait que me jette dans la gueule du loup (il semble que is always followed by subjunctive but il me semble isn’t)
example of past subjunctive
Je suis triste que cet homme ait été méchant avec moi
example of subjunctive
c’est le plus beau musée que je voie (it’s the most beautiful museum that I have ever seen)
if you want to travel to Paris I think you have to learn the language because Parisians despise foreigners who don’t speak French.
si vous voulez voyager a Paris selon moi il faut que vous appreniez la langue car les Parisiens méprisent les gens étrangers qui ne parlent pas français
il faut que j’aille car… (le dîner est prêt)
I have to go because dinner is ready
