U3 Flashcards
annual
/ˈænjuəl/
MEANINGS 义项
1.happening once a year
一年一度的，每年的
SYN yearly
•The school trip has become an annual event. 学校组织的旅行成了一年一度的活动。
annual report/meeting/conference 年度报告/年会
2.based on or calculated over a period of one year
按年度计算的，一年的
SYN yearly
annual budget/income/cost etc
•a household with an annual income of $60,000 年收入六万美元的家庭
DERIVATIVE 派生词
annually adv
•The jazz festival is held annually in July. 爵士音乐节每年7月举行。
annual 2 n. [C ]
英 MEANINGS 义项
1.a plant that lives for one year or season
一年生植物；一季生植物
RELTD biennial perennial
2.a book, especially for children, that is produced once a year with the same title but different stories, pictures etc
年刊，年报，年鉴〔尤指儿童年册〕
apart
1.not close/touching 不靠近/接触
if things are apart, they are not close to each other or touching each other
〔空间〕分开（的），相距（的），相隔（的）
•They have offices in countries as far apart as India and Peru. 他们的办事处远至印度、秘鲁等国。
•The police try to keep rival supporters apart at all matches. 警方在所有的比赛中都设法将双方的支持者分开。
•A couple of men started fighting and we had to pull them apart . 几名男子打起架来，我们不得不将他们拉开。
•Joel stood apart from the group, frowning. 乔尔皱着眉头，独自站在一边。
two miles/six feet etc apart
•Place the two posts 6 metres apart. 把这两根桩相隔6米立好。
2.in different pieces 散开；碎开
成零碎（的）
•The whole thing comes apart so that you can clean it. 整个东西可以拆开，以便清洗。
•They took the engine apart to see what was wrong. 他们把发动机拆开检查故障。
3.分开
分开（的）
•I try to keep my work and private life as far apart as possible. 我设法把工作和私生活尽可能分开。
arena
MEANINGS 义项
1.a building with a large flat central area surrounded by seats, where sports or entertainments take place
〔四周设有座位供比赛或表演的〕场地
•a sports arena 运动场
•an indoor arena 室内剧场
2.the political/international/public etc arena
all the activities and people connected with politics, public life etc
政治/国际/公众等舞台
•Women are entering the political arena in larger numbers. 越来越多的女性进入政界。
•American economic activity in the international arena 美国在国际舞台上的经济活动
back-breaking
work involves a lot of hard physical effort. 非常辛劳的
使人筋疲力尽的
beet
1.a vegetable that sugar is made from甜菜
2.beetroot a plant with a round dark red root that you cook and eat as a vegetable甜菜，甜菜根
→ see picture at 见 vegetable 1
3.red as a beet
informal having a red face, especially because you are embarrassed〔尤指因尴尬而〕脸红的
bind
/baɪnd/
pp: bound pt: bound
MEANINGS 义项
1.tie/fasten 束/缚[T]to tie someone so that they cannot move or escape 捆，绑
•They bound my arms and legs with rope. 他们用绳子绑住我的手臂和腿。
bound and gagged 被捆起来封住嘴
to tie things firmly together with cloth or string 〔用布或带子〕束紧；捆扎
•The pile of newspapers was bound with string. 这捆报纸用绳子扎着。
2.form a connection 形成联系
[T] to form a strong emotional or economic connection between two people, countries etc
把…紧紧联系在一起；使关系密切
SYN unite
bind sb/sth together
•Their shared experiences in war helped to bind the two communities together. 共同的战争经历使这两个团体紧密团结在一起。
3.make sb do sth 使某人做某事
[T usually passive,一般用被动态] if you are bound by an agreement, promise etc, you must do what you have agreed to do or promised to do
约束，迫使
•The monks are bound by vows of silence. 僧侣们必须遵守保持缄默的誓言。
bind sb to do sth
•Employees are not bound to give their reasons for leaving. 雇员辞职无须说明缘由。
显示更多
PHRVB 短语动词
bind sb overphr v
undefined
BrE if someone is bound over by a court of law, they are warned that, if they cause more trouble, they will be legally punished
【英】 使具结保证
•The demonstrators were bound over to keep the peace.
AmE if someone is bound over for <i> <strong>trial</strong> </i> , they are forced by law to appear in a court
【美】 使具保候审
•undefined
bind 2 n. [singular 单数]
英 informalMEANINGS 义项
an annoying or difficult situation
窘境，困境
•It’s a real bind having to look after the children. 要照顾这些孩子很烦人。
in a bind
•Caroline was really in a bind. 卡罗琳遇到了很大的麻烦。
botanist
someone whose job is to make scientific studies of wild plants
植物学家
bountiful
/ˈbaʊntɪf ə l/ MEANINGS 义项 1.if something is bountiful, there is more than enough of it大量的，充足的 •bountiful harvests 大丰收 2.generous 慷慨的 •bountiful God 慷慨的上帝
broadcast
/ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/
a programme on the radio or on television
广播节目；电视节目
•a news broadcast 一档新闻节目
•CNN’s live broadcast of the trial (= sent out at the same time as the events are happening ) 美国有线电视新闻网对这场庭审的现场直播
broadcast 2 v.英
pp: broadcast pt: broadcast
MEANINGS 义项
1.[I,T] to send out radio or television programmes
广播；播送
•The interview was broadcast live across Europe. 这次采访向整个欧洲进行了现场直播。
2.[T] to tell something to a lot of people
使广为传播，散布
•Don’t broadcast the fact that he lost his job. 不要到处去散布他丢了工作的事。
bunch
/bʌntʃ/
1.group of things 一组事物
[C] a group of things that are fastened, held, or growing together一束，一串
THESAURUS group
→ see picture at 见 bouquet
[+ of]
•I’ll send her a bunch of flowers . 我会给她送去一束鲜花。
•He had a bunch of keys on his belt. 他皮带上挂了一串钥匙。
•a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄
2.group of people 一群人
[singular,单数] informal a group of people
一群，一伙
THESAURUS group
•The ancient Egyptians were a clever bunch. 古埃及人很聪明。
[+ of]
•a friendly bunch of people 一群友好的人
3.the best/pick of the bunch
the best among a group of people or things
佼佼者，出类拔萃的人[事物]
→ at 见 thanks →thanks a bunch at 见 thanks5
bunch 2 v.英
also 又作 bunch together,bunch up
MEANINGS 义项
1.[I,T] to stay close together in a group, or to make people do this
（使）聚拢，（使）簇拥
•The children bunched together in small groups. 孩子们三五成群地聚在一起。
•John stopped, forcing the rest of the group to bunch up behind him. 约翰停下脚步，使得其他人在他身后挤作一团。
2.[I,T] to make part of your body tight, or to become tight like this（使）〔身体部位〕绷紧
•Sean bunched his fists. 肖恩握紧拳头。
3.[I,T] to pull material together tightly in folds
（使）起褶
•She bunched the cloth up and threw it away. 她把布揉成一团扔了。
catalogue
/’kætəlɒɡ/
also 又作 catalog
MEANINGS 义项
1.a complete list of things that you can look at, buy, or use, for example in a library or at an art show
目录
•a mail order catalog 邮购商品目录
•an online catalogue 网上目录
2.catalogue of mistakes/crimes/cruelty etc
a series of mistakes, crimes etc that happen one after the other and never seem to stop
一连串的错误/罪案/暴行等
•a catalogue of terrorist crimes 接二连三的恐怖主义罪行
•an appalling catalogue of errors 令人震惊的一连串错误
catalogue 2 v. [T ]
英 also 又作 catalogMEANINGS 义项
1.to make a complete list of all the things in a group
为…编目录，把…列入目录中
•The manuscripts have never been systematically catalogued. 一直没有系统地为这些手稿编过目录。
2.to list all the things that are connected with a particular person, event, plan etc一一列出
•The report catalogued numerous dangerous work practices. 这份报告列出了许多危险的作业方法。
cease
/siːs/ MEANINGS 义项
1.formal to stop doing something or stop happening
停止，终止，结束
THESAURUS stop
•The things people will do for charity never cease to amaze me (= I am always surprised by them ) . 人们的慈善义举总是让我感到惊讶。
•The rain ceased and the sky cleared. 雨过天晴。
cease to do sth
•He ceased to be a member of the association. 他不再是该协会的会员。
cease doing sth
•the decision to cease using CFCs in packaging 停止在包装材料中使用氯氟烃的决定
cease trading/production/operations etc (=stop operating a business)停业/停止生产/停止经营等
•The company ceased production at their Norwich plant last year. 去年该公司在诺里奇的工厂停止了生产。
cease fire! (=used to order soldiers to stop shooting)停止射击！
2.cease and desist
law to stop doing something
终止及停止
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually use stop rather than cease .
在日常英语中，人们一般使用stop，而不用cease
•They have stopped using CFCs in packaging. 他们已经停止在包装材料中使用氯氟烃。
•The rain stopped just as the fireworks began. 烟火表演开始的时候雨正好停了。
→ ceasefire → at 见 wonder →wonders will never cease at 见 wonder5
cease 2 n.英 MEANINGS 义项
without cease
formal without stopping
不停地，持续地
chaos
/’keɪ-ɒs/
MEANINGS 义项
1.a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in order
大混乱；紊乱；无秩序状态•
The country was plunged into economic chaos. 这个国家陷入了经济大混乱。
complete/utter/absolute etc chaos
•There was total chaos on the roads. 路上全都是一片混乱。
in chaos
•The kitchen was in chaos. 厨房里一片狼藉。
2.the state of the universe before there was any order
〔天地未形成前〕宇宙的混沌状态
compensation
1.[U] money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged
补偿费，赔偿金
•People who are wrongly arrested may be paid compensation . 被误抓的人有可能得到补偿费。
[+ for]
•compensation for injuries at work 工伤补偿金
[+ from]
•She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her property. 她得到了政府给她的财产损失补偿金。
in compensation
•The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation. 陪审团判给泰勒170万美元的赔偿金。
as compensation
•The workers were given 30 days’ pay as compensation. 工人获得了30天的薪金作为补偿。
demand/seek/claim compensation
•The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug. 这些父母在为此药所致的先天缺陷寻求赔偿。
award/grant compensation
•The court awarded Jamieson £30,000 compensation. 法院判给贾米森3万英镑赔偿金。
2.[C,U] something that makes a bad situation better
〔对不佳境遇的〕补偿
•One of the few compensations of losing my job was seeing more of my family. 失业鲜有好处，其中之一便是可以更多地和家人在一起。
by way of compensation (=in order to make a situation better)作为补偿
•By way of compensation he offered to take her out for a meal. 作为补偿，他提出带她出去吃饭。
3.[C,U] when someone behaves in a particular way in order to replace something that is missing or to balance the bad effects of something
〔以行为、举止等作为〕弥补，补偿
[+ for]
•Linda’s aggressiveness is just a compensation for her feelings of insecurity. 琳达的争强好胜只是为了掩饰她缺乏安全感。
as compensation (for sth)
•Lip-reading can act as compensation for loss of hearing. 唇读可以弥补听力丧失的缺陷。
conceivable
/kən’siːvəb ə l/
able to be believed or imagined
可以相信的；可想象的
OPP inconceivable
•It is conceivable that you may get full compensation, but it’s not likely. 你可能会得到全额赔偿，但可能性不大。
•We were discussing the problems from every conceivable angle. 我们正在从各个能想到的角度对问题进行讨论。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
conceivably adv
•Conceivably, interest rates could rise very high indeed. 可以想象得到，利率可能会涨到很高
conflict
/’kɒnflɪkt/
1.[C,U] a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries etc
〔意见等的〕抵触，冲突，矛盾
•the threat of industrial conflict in the coalfields 煤田发生劳资纠纷的风险
•Marx points out the potential conflicts below the surface of society. 马克思指出了隐藏在社会表层之下的潜在矛盾。
•His views on the literal truth of the Bible brought him into conflict with other Christian leaders. 他坚持《圣经》字面真理的观点使他与其他的基督教领袖发生了冲突。
•Doctors exercise considerable power and often come into conflict with politicians. 医生行使很大的权力，常常和政客们发生冲突。
•a lawyer specializing in conflict resolution 专门解决纠纷的律师
[+ over]
•conflicts over wage settlements 对工资协议的争执
[+ between]
•the conflict between tradition and innovation 传统与革新的冲突
in conflict (with sb)
•normal kids who are in conflict with their parents 和父母有抵触的普通孩子
political/social/industrial conflict
•social and political conflict in the 1930s 20世纪30年代的社会和政治冲突
2.[C,U] fighting or a war
武装冲突；战斗；战争
THESAURUS war
•efforts to resolve the conflict 解决武装冲突的努力
armed/military/violent conflict
•For years the region has been torn apart by armed conflicts. 多年来这一地区被武装冲突搞得四分五裂。
•UN troops intervened to avert a threat of violent conflict. 联合国部队出面干预，以避免发生暴力冲突的危险。
3.[C,U] a situation in which you have to choose between two or more opposite needs, influences etc
〔在对立的需要或影响之间作选择的〕矛盾，冲突
•As women increasingly went out to work, the possibility of a conflict of loyalties became stronger. 随着越来越多的女性出去工作，家庭和事业之间的冲突也变得越来越多发。
[+ between]
•a conflict between the demands of one’s work and one’s family 工作和家庭需要之间的矛盾
in conflict (with sth)
•The principles of democracy are sometimes in conflict with political reality. 民主原则有时会与政治现实发生冲突。
con‧flict 2 /kən’flɪkt,kənˋflɪkt/ v. [I ] AC
英 /kən’flɪkt/
MEANINGS 义项
if two ideas, beliefs, opinions etc conflict, they cannot exist together or both be true
矛盾，冲突，抵触
[+ with]
•new evidence which conflicts with previous findings 与先前的发现相矛盾的新证据
conflicting opinions/demands/interests etc
•I had been given a great deal of conflicting advice. 我得到了大量相互矛盾的建议。
•There are conflicting views about what caused the accident. 对于事故起因，大家的看法有冲突。
consume
/kən’sjuːm/
MEANINGS 义项
1.to use time, energy, goods etc
消耗；消费
RELTD consumption
•Only 27% of the paper we consume is recycled. 我们消耗的纸张只有 27% 得到回收利用。
•A smaller vehicle will consume less fuel. 汽车小耗费燃料也少。
2.formal to eat or drink something
吃；喝
RELTD consumer consumption
THESAURUS eat
•Alcohol may not be consumed on the premises. 场内禁止饮酒。
3.literary if a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly, so that you cannot think about anything else
〔某种情绪或念头〕充满〔内心〕
•She was scared by the depression which threatened to consume her. 这种似乎要把她吞噬的抑郁情绪让她感到害怕。
be consumed with sth
•He was consumed with guilt after the accident. 这次意外事故发生后，他心里充满了内疚。
→ time-consuming
creature
/’kriːtʃə/
MEANINGS 义项
1.LIVING THING 生物
anything that is living, such as an animal, fish, or insect, but not a plant
生物；动物
THESAURUS animal
•all the living creatures in the sea 海洋中所有的生物
creatures of the deep (=animals and fish that live in the ocean)海洋生物
2.IMAGINARY OR STRANGE 想象的或奇异的
an imaginary animal or person, or one that is very strange and frightening
不可名状的生物，怪物
•creatures from outer space 来自外太空的生物
3.a creature of habit
someone who always does things in the same way or at the same time
墨守成规的人
crop
/krɒp/
MEANINGS 义项
1.a plant such as wheat, rice, or fruit that is grown by farmers and used as food
庄稼；作物
RELTD GM
→ cash crop
•The main crops were oats and barley. 主要作物是燕麦和大麦。
•crops grown for market 为供应市场而种植的作物
crop production 作物生产
2.the amount of wheat, rice, fruit etc that is produced in a season
一季的收成，收获
SYN harvest
•Fruit growers are gathering in a bumper crop (= a very large amount of something produced in season ) . 果农正在采摘丰收的果实。
•increased crop yields 增产的作物收成
[+ of]
•this season’s crop of quality pears 这一季收获的优质梨
3.crop of sb/sth
a group of people that arrive or things that happen at the same time
同时到达的某群人／同时发生的某些事
[+ of]
•the country’s present crop of elected politicians 该国目前一批选出的政治家
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crop 2 v.英
pp: cropped pt: cropped pres part: cropping
MEANINGS 义项
1.[T] to cut someone’s hair short
剪短〔头发〕
•Stella’s had her hair closely cropped . 斯特拉把头发剪得很短。
2.[T] to cut a part off a photograph or picture so that it is a particular size or shape
裁切〔照片或图画〕
3.[T] if an animal crops grass or other plants, it makes them short by eating them
〔牲畜〕啃吃〔草等〕
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PHRVB 短语动词
crop upphr v
if a problem crops up, it happens or appears suddenly and in an unexpected way
〔问题〕突然冒出来
if something such as a name or a subject crops up, it appears in something you read or hear
〔名字或话题〕突然被提到
•Your name kept cropping up in conversation. 你的名字在谈话中不断被提到。
cucumber
a long thin round vegetable with a dark green skin and a light green inside, usually eaten raw
黄瓜
cultivate
/’kʌltɪveɪt,’kʌltəveɪt/
MEANINGS 义项
1.to prepare and use land for growing crops and plants
耕，耕作；开垦
•The land was too rocky to cultivate. 这块地石头太多，无法耕作。
2.formal to plant and take care of a particular crop
种植，培育
SYN grow 【正式】
•We cultivated maize and watermelons. 我们种植玉米和西瓜。
3.to work hard to develop a particular skill, attitude, or quality
培养，养成〔技能、态度或素质〕
•Try to cultivate a more relaxed and positive approach to life. 要努力养成更为放松和积极的生活态度。
•The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image. 公司成功地树立了一个非常专业的形象。
Register 语体
In everyday English, people usually say someone grows a crop rather than cultivates it.
在日常英语中，人们说种植作物时一般用grow，而不用cultivate
•They have been growing grapes there for hundreds of years. 他们几百年来一直在那里种植葡萄。
damp
/dæmp/
1.slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way
潮湿的
THESAURUS wet
•Wipe the leather with a damp cloth. 用湿布擦拭皮面。
•a cold, damp day 寒冷潮湿的一天
2.damp squib
informal something that is intended to be exciting, effective etc, but which is disappointing
〔未达到预期效果而〕使人失望的事；湿水爆竹
THESAURUS 词语辨析
things 物体
1.damp 潮湿的
slightly wet
•Iron the shirt while it is still damp. 趁衬衫还没有全干的时候熨烫。
•a damp cloth 一块湿布
2.moist 湿润的〔尤指令人感觉舒服或本应如此〕
slightly wet, especially when this is pleasant or how something should be
•a moist chocolate cake 滑润的巧克力蛋糕
•The cream helps to keep your skin moist. 这种乳霜可以让您的肌肤保持滋润。
•Make sure that the soil is moist. 要确保土壤湿润。
air/weather 空气/天气
1.damp 潮湿的〔尤指寒冷、令人不适〕
slightly wet, especially in a cold unpleasant way
•It was a cold damp morning. 这是个寒冷潮湿的早晨。
2.humid 湿热的
hot and damp in an unpleasant way
•Florida can be very humid in the summer. 佛罗里达夏天有时非常湿热。
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DERIVATIVE 派生词
dampness n [U]
damply adv
damp 2 n. [U ]
英 MEANINGS 义项
water in walls or in the air that causes things to be slightly wet
潮湿；湿气
•Damp had stained the walls. 墙上留下了潮湿的痕迹。
damp 3 v. [T ]
to dampen something
使潮湿PHRVB 短语动词
damp sth ←→ downphr v
to make a fire burn more slowly, often by covering it with ash
减弱〔火势〕，〔常指用盖灰的方法〕封〔火〕
delicate
/'delɪkɪt,'delɪkət/ 1.needing to be dealt with carefully or sensitively in order to avoid problems or failure 微妙的，需要谨慎处理的 THESAURUS difficult •There’s something I have to speak to you about – it’s a delicate matter . 我有件事要跟你讲——是一件需要谨慎处理的事。 •delicate negotiations 微妙的谈判 2.easily damaged or broken易坏的，易碎的，脆弱的 SYN fragile •delicate hand-cut glass 易碎的手工刻花玻璃 •The sun can easily damage a child’s delicate skin . 阳光很容易晒伤小孩娇嫩的皮肤。 3.old-fashioned someone who is delicate is hurt easily or easily becomes ill 〔人〕娇气的，娇弱的，体弱多病的 THESAURUS ill weak •a delicate child 身体娇弱的孩子 显示更多 → indelicate DERIVATIVE 派生词 delicately adv
delusion
/dɪ’luːʒ ə n/
MEANINGS 义项
1.[C,U] a false belief about yourself or the situation you are in错觉；妄想
under a delusion (that)
•He is under the delusion that I am going to cheat him. 他有错觉，以为我要欺骗他。
2.delusions of grandeur
the belief that you are much more important or powerful than you really are
妄自尊大
DERIVATIVE 派生词
delusive adj /-sɪv ; -sɪv /
delusional adj
dewy
/’djuːi/
MEANINGS 义项
wet with drops of dew
被露水所湿的，带露水的
•
The dewy woodland was solitary and still. 被露水沾湿的林地一片寂静冷清。
dignity
/’dɪɡnɪti,’dɪɡnəti/
MEANINGS 义项
1.the ability to behave in a calm controlled way even in a difficult situation
庄重，尊严，体面
•an appearance of quiet dignity 肃穆的神态
with dignity
•The family faced their ordeal with dignity. 这一家人在磨难面前不失尊严。
2.your dignity
your sense of your own value or importance
你的自尊心
•Arguing was beneath her dignity (= was something she thought she was too important to do ) . 她觉得争吵有失体面。
retain/lose your dignity
•Old people need to retain their dignity and independence. 老年人需要保持自尊和独立。
3.the fact of being respected or deserving respect
尊贵，尊严
•Prisoners should be treated with regard for human dignity . 对待囚犯应该考虑到人的尊严。
with dignity
•Patients should be allowed to die with dignity. 应该允许病人死得有尊严。
earth-as-air
n.泥土气息
extension
/ɪk’stenʃən/
MEANINGS 义项
1.MAKING STH BIGGER OR LONGER 使某物变大或变长
[C,U] the process of making a road, building etc bigger or longer, or the part that is added
〔道路、建筑等的〕扩建；延长；增建部分
[+ of]
•the extension of the Jubilee underground line 地铁银禧线的延伸
2.EXTRA ROOMS 额外房间
[C] another room or rooms which are added to a building
〔建筑的〕扩建部分
•a loft extension 增建的阁楼
[+ to]
•the planned extension to the National Museum 国家博物馆计划扩建的部分
3.EXTRA TIME 额外时间
[C usually singular,一般用单数] an additional period of time allowed for something
展期，延期
•Donald’s been given an extension to finish his thesis. 唐纳德获准延期完成他的论文。
•The pub’s got an extension tonight (= it will stay open longer than usual ). 酒馆今晚延时关门。
fungus
/’fʌŋɡəs/ pl: fungi funguses
MEANINGS 义项
a simple type of plant that has no leaves or flowers and that grows on plants or other surfaces. mushrooms and mould are both fungi.真菌
glisten
/'ɡlɪs ə n/ MEANINGS 义项 to shine and look wet or oily 〔油亮或潮湿物〕闪光 THESAURUS shine •glistening black hair 乌黑发亮的头发 [+ with] •The boy’s back was glistening with sweat. 那个男孩背上的汗水闪闪发亮。
glittering
/'ɡlɪtərɪŋ/ MEANINGS 义项 1.giving off many small flashes of light 闪光的，闪耀的 SYN sparkling •glittering jewels 璀璨的宝石 2.very successful 辉煌的，非常成功的 •a glittering career 辉煌的事业 3.connected with rich, famous and fashionable people 盛大的，华丽的；众星云集的 •a glittering Hollywood premiere 一场众星云集的好莱坞影片首映式
grasp
/ɡrɑːsp/
MEANINGS 义项
1.to take and hold something firmly
抓牢，握紧
SYN grip
THESAURUS hold
•I grasped his arm firmly and led him away. 我紧紧抓住他的胳膊把他带走。
•Alan grasped the handle and pulled it. 艾伦抓住手柄一拉。
2.[not in progressive,不用进行式] to completely understand a fact or an idea, especially a complicated one理解，领会〔尤指复杂的事情或观点〕
THESAURUS understand
•At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. 当时，我们没有完全明白所发生之事的重要性。
•Some people find the idea of relativity difficult to grasp. 有些人觉得相对论的概念很难理解。
grasp what/how etc
•A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly grasp what the article is about. 开篇的小段落使读者很快就能掌握文章的大意。
grasp that
•Nick had grasped that something was wrong. 尼克已经知道出问题了。
3.grasp an opportunity
to eagerly and quickly use an opportunity to do something
抓住机会
•She is ready to grasp any opportunity to expand the business. 她已准备好抓住一切机遇拓展业务。
显示更多
PHRVB 短语动词
grasp at sthphr v
to try to hold on to something
企图抓住
•His foot slipped and he grasped at the top of the wall. 他脚下一滑，立刻伸手去抓墙头。
grasp 2 n. [singular 单数
1.the way you hold something or your ability to hold it
抓，握
SYN grip
•Luke took her arm in a firm grasp and led her through the gate. 卢克紧紧抓着她的胳膊，领她进了门。
•He had allowed the ball to slip from his grasp. 他让球从手里滑了出去。
2.your ability to understand a complicated idea, situation, or subject
〔对复杂想法、情况或问题的〕理解力，领悟力
SYN understanding
THESAURUS knowledge
[+ of]
•Her grasp of the issues was impressive. 她对这些问题的领悟能力极强。
a good/firm/thorough etc grasp of sth
•Steve has a good grasp of the European legal system. 史蒂夫对欧洲的法律体系非常了解。
[+ on]
•After two months, his grasp on the subject was improving. 两个月之后，他对这个问题有了更好的理解。
3.your ability to achieve or gain something
力所能及；把握；掌握
within sb’s grasp
•An agreement to end the war seemed within their grasp. 他们似乎有把握签订停战协议。
beyond sb’s grasp
•Many families are finding suitable housing beyond their grasp. 许多家庭负担不起合适的住房。
hay
/heɪ/
MEANINGS 义项
1.long grass that has been cut and dried, used as food for cattle
〔作牛饲料用的〕干草，饲草
2.make hay (while the sun shines)
to take the opportunity to do something now, because you may not be able to do it later
晒草要趁太阳好；抓紧时机
3.hit the hay
informal to go to bed上床睡觉
→ at 见 roll →a roll in the hay at 见 roll10
hysterically
hysterically adv. hysterical的变形 hysterical /his'terikəl/ adj. 1.歇斯底里的 2.情绪狂暴不能控制的，无理性发作的 3.患癔病的
instinct
/’ɪnstɪŋkt/
MEANINGS 义项
a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or a natural ability to know something, which is not learned
本能；直觉；天性
RELTD intuition
•Her instinct told her that something was wrong. 直觉告诉她有些不对劲。
[+ for]
•Animals have a natural instinct for survival. 动物有求生的自然本能。
instinct to do sth
•the human instinct to form relationships 人类建立起相互关系的天性
by instinct
•Birds build nests by instinct. 鸟凭本能筑巢。
sexual/maternal/survival instinct 性/母性/求生的本能
sb’s first instinct (=what someone feels like doing first when something happens)某人的第一感觉
•His first instinct was to rush back to Isobel. 他的第一直觉是赶快回到伊莎贝尔那儿。
intolerable
/in’tɔlərəbl/
adj.
1.不能忍受的；无法容忍的；受不了的；不堪的
2.过分的；过度的；极端的
irritate
/'iriteit/ vt.1.激怒，使恼怒；使烦躁，使不耐烦： His remarks irritated me a little. 他的话让我有点儿恼火。 2.使过敏；使发炎；使疼痛；使难受： The gas irritates my nose. 这种气体让我的鼻子感到难受。 3.(在生理上)刺激，使兴奋 vi.1.引起不快；引起恼怒 2.(在生理上)引起兴奋；引起发炎 变形 vt. irritated irritating irritate /'iriteit/ vt.【法律】使无效变形 vt. irritated irritating
juicy
/'dʒuːsi/ comp: juicier superl: juiciest MEANINGS 义项 1.containing a lot of juice 多汁的，多液的 •a juicy lemon 多汁的柠檬 2.juicy gossip/details/stories etc informal interesting or shocking information, especially about people’s sexual behaviour 〔尤与性行为有关的〕绘声绘色[耸人听闻]的流言/细节/描述等 •Want to hear a juicy bit of news? 想不想听点刺激的新闻？ 3.informal involving work that is enjoyable and satisfying 〔工作〕愉快满意的 •She’s been trying to get a really juicy role for years. 多年来她一直在寻觅真正让自己满意的角色。 显示更多 DERIVATIVE 派生词 juiciness n [U]
justify
/’dʒʌstɪfaɪ,’dʒʌstəfaɪ/
pp: justified pt: justified pres part: justifying 3rd pers sg: justifies
MEANINGS 义项
1.to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable
证明〔别人认为不合理的事〕有道理；为…辩护
•Ministers must appear before Parliament and justify their actions. 大臣们必须就自己的行为向议会作出解释。
justify doing sth
•How can we justify spending so much money on arms? 我们怎么才能解释花那么多钱购买武器是正当的呢？
justify yourself (=prove that what you are doing is reasonable)为自己辩解
•I don’t have to justify myself to you or anyone else. 我不需要为我的行为向你或任何人解释。
2.to be a good and acceptable reason for something
是…的正当理由
•Nothing justifies murdering another human being. 什么都不能成为谋杀他人的正当理由。
3.technical to arrange lines of words on a page or computer screen so that they form a straight edge on both the right and left sides
使齐行，使排齐
lettuce
/’letɪs,’letəs/
MEANINGS 义项
a round vegetable with thin green leaves eaten raw in salads
莴苣，生菜
loaded
/'ləʊdɪd,'ləʊdəd/ MEANINGS 义项 1.GUN/CAMERA 枪/相机 containing bullets, film etc 装了子弹的；装上胶卷的 •a loaded pistol 子弹上膛的手枪 2.FULL 充满的 a loaded vehicle or container is full of things 〔车辆或容器〕装满的 •a loaded trailer 装得满满的拖车 •She came back carrying a loaded tray. 她捧着一个装得满满的托盘回来了。 [+ with] •a truck loaded with bananas 装满香蕉的卡车 3.RICH 富有的 [not before noun,不用于名词前] informal very rich 富有的，很有钱的 •Giles can afford it – he’s loaded. 贾尔斯花得起这笔钱——他富得很。
make-believe
MEANINGS 义项
when you imagine or pretend that something is real or true假想；假装
•He seems to be living in a world of make-believe . 他好像生活在虚幻的世界里。
•children in the middle of a make-believe adventure 假装在冒险的孩子们
massive
/’mæsɪv/
MEANINGS 义项
1.very large, solid, and heavy
大而重的，厚重的
THESAURUS big
•The bell is massive, weighing over 40 tons. 那口钟非常大，有40多吨重。
•the castle’s massive walls 城堡高大厚实的围墙
2.unusually large, powerful, or damaging
巨大的；强大的，强烈的；极具破坏力的
•My phone bill was massive last month. 上个月我的电话费数额巨大。
•massive increases in the number of homeless 无家可归者数量的剧增
•Club members can get a massive discount of £50. 会员可以有50英镑的大折扣。
massive stroke/heart attack etc
•He suffered a massive stroke. 他有过一次严重中风。
massive argument/row etc
•I had a massive argument with her. 我和她大吵了一架。
3.informal extremely good
极好的，非常妙的
•Listen to this. It’s a massive song. 听听这个，非常棒的一首歌。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
massively adv
•The president was massively popular. 总统广受欢迎。
maternal
/mə’tɜːnl/
MEANINGS 义项
1.typical of the way a good mother behaves or feels
母性的；慈母似的
RELTD paternal
•Annie was wonderfully warm and maternal. 安妮非常亲切慈爱。
•She seems to have a strong maternal instinct (= desire to have babies and take care of them ) . 她似乎有很强的母性。
2.[only before noun,仅用于名词前] relating to a mother or to being a mother
母亲的；与做母亲有关的
RELTD paternal
•the relationship between maternal age and infant mortality 生育年龄与婴儿死亡率之间的关系
3.maternal grandfather/aunt etc
your mother’s father, sister etc
外祖父/姨母等
DERIVATIVE 派生词
maternally adv
mean
/miːn/
pp: meant pt: meant
MEANINGS 义项
1.HAVE A PARTICULAR MEANING 有某种意思
[not in progressive,不用进行式] to have or represent a particular meaning
意思是，表示…的意思
•What does ‘patronizing’ mean? patronizing是什么意思？
•The red light means ‘Stop’. 红灯表示“停”。
•The report fails to define what is meant by the term ‘key issues’. 报告没有明确“关键问题”一词指的是什么。
mean (that)
•This light means you’re running low on fuel. 这个灯亮说明汽油不多了。
2.INTEND TO SAY STH 打算说某事
[not in progressive,不用进行式] to intend a particular meaning when you say something
意思是说
•It’s pretty obvious what she means . 她是什么意思很明白。
•We’re still married but living apart in the same house, if you see what I mean. 我们仍是夫妻，但在同一个房子里分开住，你懂我的意思了吧。
•Oh yeah! I see what you mean (= I understand what you are trying to say ) . 噢！我明白你的意思。
•What I mean is , I don’t feel alone anymore (= used to explain more about what you have said ) . 我的意思是我不再感到孤单了。
•‘I didn’t really like him.’ ‘ I know what you mean , I didn’t get on with him either (= used to say you understand and have had the same experience ) .’ “我不太喜欢他。”“我知道你的意思，我和他也合不来。”
•‘In three hours’ time, I’ll be a free man.’ ‘ How do you mean (= used to ask someone to explain what they have just said ) ?’ “三个小时以后，我就是自由人了。”“你什么意思？”
mean (that)
•I meant we’d have to leave early – that’s all. 我的意思是说我们必须早点走——没有别的。
(do) you mean (=used to check you have understood what someone intended to say)你的意思是说
•Do you mean you’ve changed or Chris has changed? 你是说你变了还是克里斯变了？
do/if you know/see what I mean? (=used to check that someone understands you)你明白我的意思吧？
•I want to buy her something really special, if you know what I mean. 我想给她买一件很特别的东西，你明白我的意思吧。
3.INTEND TO DO STH 打算做某事
to intend to do something or intend that someone else should do something
意欲，打算
•I’m sure she didn’t mean it (= she did not intend to upset or hurt someone ) . 我肯定她不是故意的。
•He may sound a bit rude at times, but he means well (= intends to be helpful or kind, even if it does not seem like that ) . 他讲话有时也许是粗鲁了一点，但用意是好的。
•I wasn’t criticizing you, I really meant it for the best (= wanted to be helpful, although my actions had the wrong effect ) . 我不是在批评你，我真的是出于好意。
mean to do sth
•I’ve been meaning to ask you if you want to come for a meal next week. 我一直想问你，下个星期你想不想来吃顿饭。
•I didn’t mean to upset you. 我并不是要让你伤心。
mean sb/sth to do sth
•I didn’t mean this to happen at all. 我并不想发生这样的事。
•I never meant you to find out. 我根本不想让你发现。
mean for sb to do sth
•I didn’t mean for her to get hurt. 我并没有让她受到伤害的意思。
mean no harm/offence/disrespect (=not intend to harm, offend etc someone)并不想伤害/冒犯/不恭敬
•I’m sure he didn’t mean any harm. 我确信他没有恶意。
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SPOKEN PHRASES 口语短语
1.what do you mean …?
used when you do not understand what someone is trying to say
你是什么意思？〔用于表示没有听懂某人说的话〕
•‘You’ll be careful, won’t you?’ ‘What do you mean?’ “你会小心的，是吧？”“你是什么意思？”
used when you are very surprised or annoyed by what someone has just said
你是什么意思？〔用于表示对某人刚说过的话感到非常吃惊或不快〕
•What do you mean, you’ve cancelled the trip?,What do you mean by that? 你什么意思，你把这次旅行取消了？,你那么说是什么意思？
used when you are very annoyed by what someone has just done
你是什么意思〔用于表示某人的做法让你非常生气〕
•What do you mean by calling me at this time of night? 你这么晚打电话给我是什么意思？
2.used to say that a particular person or thing is the one that you are talking about, pointing to etc
意指，说的是
•‘Hey you!’ ‘Do you mean me?’,I meant the pink dress, not the red one. “嗨，你！”“你说的是我吗？”,我指的是那条粉红色的裙子，不是那条红的。
3.I mean
used when explaining or giving an example of something, or when pausing to think about what you are going to say next
我的意思是〔用于解释或举例，或停下来考虑接着说什么时〕
•You’re more of an expert than me. I mean, you’ve got all that experience.,It’s just not right. I mean, it’s unfair, isn’t it? 你比我更专业，我是说，你有那么丰富的经验。,这就是不对。我是说这不公平，你说呢？
used to quickly correct something you have just said
我是说〔用以马上纠正刚说过的话〕
•She plays the violin, I mean the viola, really well. 她小提琴——我是说中提琴——拉得确实好。
显示更多REGISTER 语体
In written English, people often prefer to say that something indicates something is the case, rather than using mean . 在书面英语中，人们往往更喜欢用indicate而不用mean
•The light indicates that fuel supplies are low. 这个灯亮说明汽油不多了。
FREQUENCE 使用频率
使用频率
mean 2 adj.
comp: meaner superl: meanest
MEANINGS 义项
1.CRUEL 残酷的cruel or not kind
残酷的；不善良的；刻薄的THESAURUS unkind
•That was a mean thing to do. 这事做得不厚道。
•I felt a bit mean asking him to help. 我觉得让他来帮忙有点残忍。
•It’s a mean trick to play on someone. 跟人玩这样的恶作剧够损的。
•It was mean of him not to invite her. 他不厚道，没邀请她。
[+ to]
•Don’t be so mean to her! 不要对她这么刻薄！
2.NOT GENEROUS 吝啬的
not wanting to spend money, or not wanting to use much of something
吝啬的
SYN stingy,cheap BrE,AmE 【英】,【美】
•He’s too mean to buy a present for his wife. 他很吝啬，给他妻子买件礼物都不肯。
[+ with]
•He’s always been mean with his money. 他花钱一向很吝啬。
•It was supposed to be garlic bread, but they’d been a bit mean with the garlic. 本应该是蒜香面包，但他们用蒜有点吝啬。
3.no mean feat/achievement/task etc
something that is very difficult to do, so that someone who does it deserves to be admired
不小的业绩/成就/任务等
•They sold 1 million cards in the first year of business – no mean feat, given the problems many businesses are facing. 他们在开张的第一年就卖出了一百万张卡，考虑到许多公司面临的种种问题，真是很不错的业绩。
显示更多
DERIVATIVE 派生词
meanly adv
meanness n [U]
mean 3 n.
1.the mean
technical the average amount, figure, or value
平均数，平均值
•The mean of 7, 9 and 14 is 10. 7、9和14的平均数为10。
2.the/a mean between sth and sth
a method of doing something which is between two very different methods, and better than either of them …
的中庸之道，…的折中办法〔介于两种不同办法之间而比两者都好的一种办法〕
•It’s a case of finding the mean between firmness and compassion. 这是要在强硬和同情之间找出折中的办法。
→ means
means
/miːnz/
pl: means
MEANINGS 义项
1.METHOD 方法
[C] a way of doing or achieving something
手段；方法；工具
THESAURUS method
•The only means of communication was sign language. 唯一的交流方法是手语。
•The window was our only means of escape . 跳窗是我们唯一的逃生方法。
•Do you have any means of identification ? 你有什么身份证明文件吗？
•art as a means of expression 作为一种表达方式的艺术
•Homework should not be used as a means of controlling children. 家庭作业不应该作为约束儿童的手段。
•I had no means of telling him I would be late. 我没有办法告诉他我会迟到。
•Brian was prepared to use any means to get what he wanted. 布赖恩准备不择手段地得到他想要的。
•They had entered the country by unlawful means . 他们通过非法途径进入了这个国家。
•the means by which performance is assessed 评估表现的手段
[+ of]
•For most people, the car is still their main means of transport . 对大多数人来说汽车仍是他们主要的交通工具。2.
MONEY 钱
[plural,复数] the money or income that you have
钱；收入
•Paying for your children to go to a private school is beyond the means of most people (= too expensive for most people ) . 出钱送孩子上私立学校是大多数人无力承担的。
•Try to live within your means (= only spending what you can afford ) . 过日子要尽可能量入为出。
•His father was a man of means (= a rich man ) . 他父亲很有钱。
have the means to do sth
•I don’t have the means to support a family. 我没有钱养家。
3.by all means!
spoken used to mean ‘of course’ when politely allowing someone to do something or agreeing with a suggestion
当然可以！
•‘Can I bring Alan?’ ‘By all means!’ “我能带艾伦来吗？”“当然可以！”
→ at 见 way →ways and means at 见 way1
miserable
/’mɪz ə rəb ə l/
MEANINGS 义项
1.extremely unhappy, for example because you feel lonely, cold, or badly treated
极不愉快的，痛苦的
THESAURUS sad
•I’ve been so miserable since Pat left me. 自从帕特离我而去后，我十分痛苦。
•I spent the weekend feeling miserable . 我那个周末心情很糟糕。
•Jan looks really miserable . 简看上去很痛苦。
•Why do you make yourself miserable by taking on too much work? 你为什么揽这么多活儿，把自己弄得很辛苦呢？
as miserable as sin (=very miserable)十分悲惨
2.always bad-tempered, dissatisfied , or complaining
总是不高兴[不满意]的；总是抱怨的
•He’s a miserable old devil. 他是个脾气乖戾的老家伙。
3.[usually before noun,一般用于名词前] making you feel very unhappy, uncomfortable etc
令人不愉快的；令人不舒服的，使人难受的
•They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions. 他们在恶劣条件下忍受长时间的繁重劳动。
•Mosquito bites can make life miserable . 蚊子叮咬会让人很难受。
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DERIVATIVE 派生词
miserably adv
•I failed miserably in my duty to protect her. 我完全没有尽到保护她的责任。
moist
/mɔɪst/
MEANINGS 义项
slightly wet, especially in a way that is pleasant or suitable
潮润的，微湿的，湿润的
THESAURUS damp wet
•Make sure the soil is moist before planting the seeds. 播种之前要确保土壤湿润。
•a rich, moist chocolate cake 香浓软润的巧克力蛋糕
•warm moist air 温暖湿润的空气
•Her eyes were moist (= she was almost crying ) . 她的眼睛湿润了。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
moistness n [U]
mulch
/mʌltʃ/ MEANINGS 义项 a substance such as decaying leaves that you put on the soil to improve its quality, to protect the roots of plants, or to stop weed s growing 〔为改良土壤、护根及阻止杂草生长而覆在地表上的〕腐叶，覆盖料 mulch 2 v. [I,T ] 英 MEANINGS 义项 to cover the ground with mulch 用腐叶覆盖（地面）
neurotic
/njʊ'rɒtɪk/ MEANINGS 义项 1.unreasonably anxious or afraid 神经质的，神经过敏的；极度害怕的 THESAURUS nervous •He seemed a neurotic, self-obsessed man. 他似乎是个神经过敏又自恋的人。 2.technical relating to or affected by neurosis 神经症的 •neurotic disorders 神经症 DERIVATIVE 派生词 neurotic n [C] •She accused him of being a neurotic. 她指责他神经质。 neurotically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
occupation
1.[C] a job or profession
工作，职业
THESAURUS job
•Please state your name, address and occupation. 请写明你的姓名、地址和职业。
•professional and managerial occupations 专业及管理工作
•manual occupations 体力工作
2.[U] when a large group of people enter a place and take control of it, especially by military force
〔尤指军队的〕占领，控制
[+ of]
•the German occupation of France 德军对法国的占领
under occupation
•The area is under occupation (= controlled by a foreign army ). 这一地区已被占领。
3.[C] a way of spending your time
消遣，业余活动
SYN pastime
•One of my childhood occupations was collecting stamps. 我儿时的消遣之一是集邮。
orderliness
/'ɔ:dəlinis/ n.1.整齐(或整洁)状态；条理性 2.遵守秩序 3.orderly的变形 orderly /'ɔ:dəli/ adj. 1.整齐的；有条理的 2.守秩序的；有序的；非暴力的，和平的 3.传达命令的；值班的 adv. 1.整齐；有条理地，有条不紊地 2.顺序地，依次地 n.1.传令兵，通讯员；勤务兵 2.[英国英语]清道夫，街道清洁工 变形n. orderlies 近义词systematic
outspoken
/aʊt'spəʊkən/ MEANINGS 义项 expressing your opinions honestly and directly, even when doing this might annoy some people 坦率的，直言不讳的 OPP reticent •an outspoken critic of the education reforms 对教育改革直言不讳的批评者 DERIVATIVE 派生词 outspokenly adv outspokenness n [U]
planet
/ˈplænɪt/
N-COUNT A planet is a large, round object in space that moves around a star. The Earth is a planet. 行星
• The picture shows six of the nine planets in the solar system.
这张图片展示太阳系9个行星中的6个行星。
patch
MEANINGS 义项
1.PART OF AN AREA 小块,小片
a small area of something that is different from the area around it
〔与周围部分不同的〕斑，小块
•Look out for icy patches on the road. 小心路上结冰的地方。
•a cat with a white patch on its chest 胸部有一块白斑的猫
•He combs his hair over his bald patch . 他把头发梳过来盖住秃掉的地方。
[+ of]
•We finally found a patch of grass to sit down on. 我们最后找到一小片草地可以坐下来。
•Belinda watched a patch of sunlight move slowly across the wall. 贝琳达看着一小片阳光从墙的一边缓缓移到另一边。
2.OVER A HOLE 在破洞上
a small piece of material that is sewn on something to cover a hole in it
补片，补丁
•a jacket with leather patches at the elbows 肘部有皮革补丁的短上衣
3.FOR GROWING STH 用于种植某物
a small area of ground for growing fruit or vegetables
〔用于种水果或蔬菜的〕小块土地
•a strawberry patch 一小块草莓地
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patch 2 v.
英 also 又作 patch up
MEANINGS 义项
[T + with] to repair a hole in something by putting a piece of something else over it
修补；缝补
PHRVB 短语动词
patch sth ←→ togetherphr v
1.to make something quickly or carelessly from a number of different pieces or ideas
〔用碎料〕仓促拼制；〔把不同的观点〕草草拼凑
•A new plan was quickly patched together. 一项新计划很快就拼凑出来了。
patch sth/sb ←→ upphr v
1.to end an argument because you want to stay friendly with someone
与〔某人〕和解；解决 分歧〕
•Try to patch up your differences before he leaves. 尽量在他走之前解决你们之间的分歧。
patch it/things up (with sb)
•He went back to patch things up with his wife.他回去想跟妻子和好。
2.to repair a hole in something by putting a piece of something else over it
修补
•We’ll have to patch up the hole in the roof. 我们得修补屋顶上的洞。
3.to give quick and basic medical treatment to someone who is hurt
快速处理，临时包扎〔伤者〕
•We patched up the wounded as best we could. 我们尽可能地给伤者包扎好。
paternal
/pə'tɜːnl/ MEANINGS 义项 1.paternal feelings or behaviour are like those of a kind father towards his children 〔感情或行为〕父亲（般）的 •Dan took a paternal interest in my work. 丹像父亲一样关心我的工作。 2.paternal grandmother/uncle etc your father’s mother, brother etc 祖母/叔叔[伯伯]等 → maternal DERIVATIVE 派生词 paternally adv
（与周围不同的）小组织小区域
/’pɒkɪt,’pɒkət/
MEANINGS 义项
1.IN CLOTHES 衣服上的
a type of small bag in or on a coat, trousers etc that you can put money, keys etc in
衣袋，口袋
•Luke came in with his hands in his pockets. 卢克走了进来，双手插在口袋里。
•The policeman told me to turn out my pockets (= take everything out of them ) . 警察让我把口袋里的东西都掏出来。
jacket/trouser etc pocket
•The keys are in my trouser pocket. 钥匙在我的裤子口袋里。
[+ of]
•the inside pocket of his jacket 他夹克的内袋
2.MONEY 金钱
the amount of money that you have to spend
钱；资金；财力
•There are eight hotels, with a price range to suit every pocket . 有八家宾馆，房价适合各种程度的消费者。
•He was accused of diverting some of the firm’s money into his own pocket. 他被控将公司的部分钱款据为己有。
•The deepening recession has hit people’s pockets . 日益加剧的经济衰退影响到了人们的消费水平。
•For investors with deep pockets (= a lot of money ) , the Berlin property market is attractive. 对资金雄厚的投资者来说，柏林房地产市场很有吸引力。
from/out of/into your own pocket
•Dan had to pay for the repairs out of his own pocket. 丹必须自己掏腰包支付修理费用。
3.SMALL CONTAINER 小容器
a small bag or piece of material fastened to something so that you can put things into it
〔固定于某物上用于装东西的〕小袋
•Please read the air safety card in the pocket of the seat in front. 请阅读您前面座椅口袋中的飞行安全卡。
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→ air pocket → at 见 burn →burn a hole in your pocket at 见 burn17 → at 见 line →line your own pockets at 见 line4 → at 见 pick →pick sb’s pocket at 见 pick14 → 见 pool
pocket 2 v. [T ]
英 MEANINGS 义项
1.to put something into your pocket
把…装入口袋[衣袋]中
•Maggie locked the door and pocketed the keys. 玛吉锁上门，把钥匙放进口袋里。
2.to steal money, especially money that you are responsible for
窃取，盗用，侵吞〔公款〕
•One inspector had pocketed up to $500,000 in bribes. 一名视察员收受了高达50万美元的贿赂。
3.to get a large amount of money, win a prize etc, especially in a way that seems very easy or slightly dishonest捞取〔钱财〕；赢得〔奖金等〕
•Johnston pocketed $2,500 in prize money. 约翰斯顿得到了2,500美元的奖金。
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pocket 3 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
英 MEANINGS 义项
small enough to be carried in your pocket
可放在衣袋内的，袖珍的
•a pocket dictionary 袖珍词典
pointless
/’pɔɪntləs/
MEANINGS 义项
worthless or not likely to have any useful result
无益的，无用的
•Life just seemed pointless to me. 生活对我来说简直没什么意义。
•a pointless quarrel 无谓的争吵
it is pointless doing sth
•It’s pointless telling her to clean her room – she’ll never do it. 叫她打扫自己的房间没有用，她绝对不会去干的。it is pointless to do sth
•I think it would be pointless to discuss this issue again. 我认为再讨论这个问题毫无意义。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
pointlessly adv
pointlessness n [U]
rational
/’ræʃ ə nəl/
MEANINGS 义项
1.rational thoughts, decisions etc are based on reasons rather than emotions
〔想法、决定等〕合理的，基于理性的
OPP irrational
•Parents need to be fully informed so they can make a rational decision. 父母需要充分了解情况，这样才可以作出合理的决定。
•I’m sure there’s a rational explanation for all this. 我相信这一切都有合理的解释。
•It’s impossible to have a rational conversation with him. 不可能和他进行理性的谈话。
2.a rational person is able to think calmly and sensibly
〔人〕有理性的，理智的
OPP irrational
•Culley was quite rational at the time of her baby’s death. 卡莉在她孩子死去时相当理智。
3.formal able to make sensible judgments
能作出理智决定的，理性的
•Man is a rational animal. 人类是理性动物。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
rationally adv
•We were too shocked to think rationally . 我们太过震惊，难以理智地思考。
rationality n /͵ræʃəˋnælətɪ ; ‚ræʃə’nælɪti,‚ræʃə’næləti / [U]
reassurance
/‚riːə’ʃʊərəns/
MEANINGS 义项
something that is said or done which makes someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a problem
令人安心的保证；能消除疑惧的言行
•Parents are looking for reassurance about their children’s safety. 家长们在寻找方法保证他们孩子的安全。
give/offer/provide reassurance
•They are offering practical help and reassurance. 他们在提供切实的帮助和保证。
reassurance that
•We have been given reassurances that the water is safe to drink. 我们得到保证说这水可以安全饮用。
reflect
/rɪ’flekt/
MEANINGS 义项
1.IMAGE 影像
[T usually passive,一般用被动态] if a person or a thing is reflected in a mirror, glass, or water, you can see an image of the person or thing on the surface of the mirror, glass, or water
反映，照出〔影像〕
be reflected in sth
•She could see her face reflected in the car’s windshield. 她看到自己的脸映照在汽车的挡风玻璃上。
2.BE A SIGN OF STH 是某事物的标志
[T not usually in progressive,一般不用进行式] to show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling
显示；反映
•The drop in consumer spending reflects concern about the economy. 消费支出的下降反映出人们对经济的担忧。
be reflected in sth
•The increasing racial diversity of the US is reflected in the latest census statistics. 美国社会种族越来越多元化的现象反映在最新的人口统计数据中。
reflect who/what/how etc
•How much you’re paid reflects how important you are to the company you work for. 你报酬的高低反映你在所供职的公司里的重要性。
3.LIGHT/HEAT/SOUND 光/热/声音
[T] if a surface reflects light, heat, or sound, it sends back the light etc that reaches it 反射〔光、热或声音〕
•Wear something white – it reflects the heat. 穿件白色的衣服——它能反射热。
[I always + adv/prep] if light, heat, or sound reflects off something it reaches, it comes back from it 〔光、热或声音从某处〕反射
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PHRVB 短语动词
reflect on/upon sb/sthphr v
to influence people’s opinion of someone or something, especially in a bad way
给…带来影响〔尤指坏影响〕
•If my children are rude, that reflects on me as a parent. 假如我的孩子没有礼貌，那会使我这个做家长的丢脸。
regardless
/rɪ’ɡɑːdləs/
MEANINGS 义项
1.without being affected or influenced by something
不管；不顾
[+ of]
•The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex. 法律规定人人平等，无论种族、宗教或性别。
2.if you continue doing something regardless, you do it in spite of difficulties or other people telling you not to
不管怎样，无论如何
carry on/go on regardless (=continue what you are doing)不管怎样都继续下去
•You get a lot of criticism, but you just have to carry on regardless. 你受到许多批评，但无论如何你只能继续下去。
relatively
1.something that is relatively small, easy etc is fairly small, easy etc compared to other things
比较而言，相对地
•The system is relatively easy to use. 这个系统使用起来相对容易。
•E-commerce is a relatively recent phenomenon. 电子商务相对而言是新兴事物。
2.relatively speaking
used when comparing something with all similar things
相对来说
•Relatively speaking, land prices are still pretty cheap here. 相对来说，这里的土地价格还相当便宜。
resolve
/rɪ’zɒlv/
MEANINGS 义项
1.to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a problem or difficulty解决〔问题、困难〕
RELTD settle
SYN solve
•Barnet was desperate for money to resolve his financial problems. 巴尼特急需钱来解决他的经济问题。
resolve a dispute/conflict/problem etc
•The crisis was resolved by negotiations. 危机通过谈判得到解决。
2.formal to make a definite decision to do something
下决心，决意〔做某事〕
THESAURUS decide
resolve to do sth
•After the divorce she resolved never to marry again. 离婚以后，她决心永不再嫁。
resolve that
•Mary resolved that she would stop smoking. 玛丽决定戒烟。
3.to make a formal decision, especially by voting
〔尤指通过投票〕作出决议
resolve to do sth
•The Senate resolved to accept the President’s proposals. 参议院通过决议，同意总统的提案。
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PHRVB 短语动词
resolve (sth) into sthphr v
to separate into parts, or to separate something
（把…）分解为
•This mixture will resolve into two separate compounds. 这种混合物将分解成两种不同的化合物。
resolve (itself) into sth to gradually change into something else
演变成某事物
•The argument resolved itself into an uneasy truce. 争论进入暂时的休战状态。
resolve 2 n. [U ] AC
英 formal
MEANINGS 义项
strong determination to succeed in doing something
决心，决意
•Recent events strengthened her resolve to find out the truth. 最近发生的事件坚定了她找出真相的决心。
revive
/rɪ’vaɪv/
MEANINGS 义项
1.[T] to bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of time
重新使用；使复兴
•Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition. 当地人决定复兴这一延续了数个世纪的传统。
2.[I,T] to become healthy and strong again, or to make someone or something healthy and strong again
（使）复原，（使）恢复精力；（使）复苏
RELTD recover
•The economy is beginning to revive. 经济开始复苏。
•an attempt to revive the steel industry 复苏钢铁工业的努力
•The doctors revived her with injections of glucose. 医生给她注射葡萄糖，使她苏醒过来。
3.[T] to produce a play again after it has not been performed for a long time
重新上演
•A London theatre has decided to revive the 1950s musical ‘In Town’. 伦敦的一家剧院决定重新排演20世纪50年代的音乐剧《在镇上》。
rite
/raɪt/
MEANINGS 义项
1.a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, usually for religious purposes
〔通常指宗教〕仪式，典礼
RELTD ritual
•funeral rites 殡葬仪式
•ancient fertility rites 古代的生殖崇拜仪式
•These traditional rites are performed only by the women of the village. 这些传统仪式只由村里的女人来进行。
2.rite of passage
a special ceremony or action that is a sign of a new stage in someone’s life, especially when a boy starts to become a man
〔标志人生重要阶段的〕通过仪式；〔尤指男孩的〕成人仪式
RELTD coming of age
3.last rites
final prayers or religious ceremonies for someone who is dying
临终祈祷；临终圣礼
•A priest came to give him the last rites . 一位神父来为他做临终祷告。
row
/rəʊ/ MEANINGS 义项 1.a line of things or people next to each other 一排，一行，一列 RELTD column •(= many rows ) of shelves stacked with books 一排又一排堆满书的架子 [+ of] •a row of houses 一排房子 •rows of trees 一行行树木 in a row •The children were asked to stand in a row. 孩子们被要求站成一列。 2.a line of seats in a theatre or cinema 〔剧院或电影院里的〕一排座位 → see picture at 见 theatre •We sat in the front row. 我们坐在前排。 3.in a row happening a number of times, one after the other 连续的 SYN consecutively •I’ve beaten her three times in a row . 我已经连续赢了她三次。 4 nights/3 weeks etc in a row •She’s been out four nights in a row. 她连续四个晚上都外出。 row 2 /raʊ,rau/ n. 英 /raʊ/ MEANINGS 义项 1.[C] a short angry argument, especially between people who know each other well 〔尤指熟人之间的〕争吵，吵架 SYN quarrel THESAURUS argument •a family row 家庭争吵 •a blazing row 愤怒的争吵 [+ with] •He had just had a row with his wife. 他刚刚和妻子吵了一架。 [+ about] •What was the row about? 吵什么呀？ 2.[C] a situation in which people disagree strongly about important public matters 〔对重要公众事件的〕争议，争论 SYN controversy [+ about/over] •a new row over government secrecy 关于政府机密的一个新争议 3.[singular,单数] a loud unpleasant noise that continues for a long time 〔持续时间长的〕喧闹声，吵嚷声 SYN racket •Stop that row - I’m trying to get to sleep! 别吵啦，我要睡觉了！ row 3 /rəʊ,ro/ v. 英 /rəʊ/ [I,T] to make a boat move across water using oar s 划（船） •Jenny used to row at college (= as a sport ) . 珍妮以前在大学里经常参加划船运动。 [+ away/towards/across] •She rowed across the lake. 她划船到湖对岸。 DERIVATIVE 派生词 row n [singular] •Why don’t we go for a row ? 我们为什么不去划船呢？ rower n [C] row 4 /raʊ,rau/ v. [I ] 英 /raʊ/ to argue in an angry way争吵，吵架 [+ about] •They rowed about money all the time. 他们总是为了钱吵架。
ruin
/’ruːɪn,’ruːən/
MEANINGS 义项
1.to spoil or destroy something completely
毁坏，毁掉，糟蹋
THESAURUS destroy spoil
•This illness has ruined my life. 这个病毁掉了我的生活。
•His career would be ruined. 他的事业将被毁掉。
•All this mud’s going to ruin my shoes. 这泥巴会把我的鞋弄坏。
2.to make someone lose all their money
使破产
•Jefferson was ruined by the lawsuit. 杰弗逊因为那场官司倾家荡产。
→ ruined
ruin 2 n.
英 MEANINGS 义项
1.[U] a situation in which you have lost all your money, your social position, or the good opinion that people had about you破产；垮台；身败名裂
•small businesses facing financial ruin 面临破产的小企业
be on the road to ruin (=be doing something that will make you lose your money, position etc)正在走向毁灭
2.[C] the part of a building that is left after the rest has been destroyed残垣断壁，废墟
•an interesting old ruin 一处有意思的古老废墟
•the ruins of a bombed-out office block 被炸毁的办公楼的废墟
3.the ruins of sth
the parts of something such as an organization, system, or set of ideas that remain after the rest have been destroyed
〔组织、体制、思想等的〕残余部分
•the ruins of a government that once held so much promise 曾经大有希望的一个政府的残余力量
→ at 见 rack →go to rack and ruin at 见 rack4
scream
/skriːm/
MEANINGS 义项
1.[I] to make a loud high noise with your voice because you are hurt, frightened, excited etc
〔因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等〕尖声大叫
SYN shriek
THESAURUS shout
•After the first few shots, people started screaming. 几声枪响过后，人们开始尖叫起来。
•a screaming baby 尖声哭叫的婴儿
•The children were screaming with laughter . 小孩子们在尖声欢笑。
•She was screaming her head off (= screaming a lot ) . 她不停地尖叫。
•She began to scream blue murder (= scream very loudly ) . 她开始高声尖叫。
•He was dragged kicking and screaming to a nearby van. 他又踢又叫着被拖到附近的一辆小货车上。
[+ with/in]
•She jumped to her feet, screaming in terror. 她吓得尖叫一声，跳了起来。
2.[I,T] to shout something in a very loud high voice because you are angry or frightened
〔因愤怒或恐惧〕高声喊，大声叫
SYN yell
•‘Get out!’ she screamed. “出去！”她高声叫道。
•He screamed out her name. 他高声叫喊她的名字。
•The crowd continued to scream abuse at him. 人群继续对他高声叫骂。
[+ for]
•I screamed for help. 我高声呼救。
[+ at]
•He screamed at her to go away. 他大声叫喊让她走开。
3.[I] to make a very loud high noise
发出尖锐的响声
•The police car approached, its siren screaming. 警车鸣着警笛驶近了。
scream 2 n. [C ]
英 MEANINGS 义项
1.a loud high sound that you make with your voice because you are hurt, frightened, excited etc
〔因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等发出的〕尖叫声
SYN shriek
•We heard screams coming from the flat. 我们听到公寓里传出尖叫声。
•She saw the knife and let out a scream . 她看到刀，发出一声尖叫。
scream of laughter/terror etc
•He fell back with a scream of terror and pain. 他发出恐惧而又痛苦的尖叫声，往后倒去。
2.a very loud high sound
响而尖的声音，尖锐刺耳的声音
•the scream of a jet taking off 喷气机起飞时的巨大声响
3.a scream
informal someone or something that is very funny
非常滑稽的人[事物]
•The film was a scream! 这部影片非常滑稽！
select
/sɪ’lekt,sə’lekt/
MEANINGS 义项
to choose something or someone by thinking carefully about which is the best, most suitable etc
〔经过认真思考后〕挑选，选择，选拔
SYN choose,pick
THESAURUS choose
•a group of students selected at random 随机挑选出来的一组学生
select sb for sth
•He had hopes of being selected for the national team. 他有望入选国家队。
select sb/sth as sth
•York was selected as the site for the research centre. 约克被选定为研究中心所在地。
select sb/sth from sth
•They selected the winner from six finalists. 他们从六名决赛选手中选出了获胜者。
select sb to do sth
•Simon’s been selected to go to the conference. 西蒙被选去参加此次大会。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say choose rather than select . 在日常英语中,人们一般说choose,而不说select
•They chose the winner from six finalists. 他们从六名决赛选手中选出了获胜者。
select 2 adj. AC
英 formal 【正式】
MEANINGS 义项
1.a select group of people or things is a small special group that has been chosen carefully
挑选出的，精选的
•The party was small and select. 团里人员不多，都是经过精心挑选的。
•Honorary degrees are handed out to a select few . 荣誉学位颁给挑选出的少数几个人。
2.only lived in, visited, or used by a small number of rich people仅限于少数富人使用的，专用的，高级的，奢华的SYN exclusive
•a select block of flats 一栋高级公寓楼
shade shade of sth. 浓淡深浅，色度 a delicate .pale .rich.soft shade of red 淡，浅，艳，柔和的红色
/ʃeɪd/
MEANINGS 义项
1.OUT OF SUNLIGHT 避开阳光
[U] slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it
背阴处，阴凉处
•a plant that needs a lot of shade 喜阴植物
in the shade (of sth)
•She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree. 她坐在一棵大橡树的树荫下。
•The temperature was over 90 degrees in the shade. 背阴处的气温超过90度。
2.FOR BLOCKING LIGHT 用于遮光
[C]something you use to reduce or block light 遮光物；罩→lampshade
•The shade on the lamp was slightly crooked. 灯罩稍有些歪。a covering that can be pulled down over a window 〔能上下卷叠的〕窗帘；百叶窗
→<i>见</i> blind
3.shades
[plural,复数] informal [object Object] sunglasses
太阳镜，墨镜
shade 2 v. [T ]
英 MEANINGS 义项
1.to protect something from direct light
为…遮阳[挡光]，遮蔽〔光线〕
•Shading her eyes, Anita scanned the horizon. 安妮塔手搭凉棚，眺望地平线。
2.to make part of a picture or drawing darker
给…加深颜色；画阴影于
•She shaded in the circles in the last two letters. 她把最后两个字母的圈圈颜色涂深。
PHRVB 短语动词
shade into sthphr v
if one thing shades into another, it is difficult to know where one stops and another starts
渐渐与…分辨不清，逐渐变成
•His impatience shaded into anger. 他由不耐烦逐渐变成了愤怒。
sights
sightingsightedsights
1.N-UNCOUNT Someone’s sight is their ability to see. 视力• My sight is failing, and I can’t see to read any more.
我的视力正在下降，不能再看书了。
2.N-SING The sight of something is the act of seeing it or an occasion on which you see it. 看见
• I faint at the sight of blood.
我一看见血就晕。
3.N-COUNT A sight is something that you see. 景象
• The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in many parts of the city.
在大街上晾晒衣服在该市的许多地区是很常见的景象。
4.V-T If you sight someone or something, you suddenly see them, often briefly. (在一瞬间) 突然看见
• The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border. 安全部队在一瞬间突然看见了一群越过了边境的年轻人。
5.N-PLURAL Thesights are the places that are interesting to see and that are often visited by tourists. 名胜; 风景
• We’d toured the sights of Paris.
我们已游览了巴黎的名胜。
6.→see also sighting
7.PHRASE If you catch sight of someone, you suddenly see them, often briefly. 瞬间内突然看见某人
• Then he caught sight of her small black velvet hat in the crowd.
随后他突然看见她的黑色丝绒小帽在人群中闪过。
8.PHRASE If you say that something seems to have certain characteristics at first sight, you mean that it appears to have the features you describe when you first see it but later it is found to be different. 乍一看
• The theory is not as simple as you might think at first sight. 这个理论并不像你乍看时想到的那么简单。
9.PHRASE If something is in sight or within sight, you can see it. If it is out of sight, you cannot see it. 看得见/看不见
• The sandy beach was in sight. 那片沙滩映入眼帘。
• The Atlantic coast is within sight of the hotel.
从那个酒店可以看见大西洋的海岸线。
10.PHRASE If a result or a decision is in sight or within sight, it is likely to happen within a short time. 即将发生
• An agreement on many aspects of trade policy was in sight. 有关贸易政策诸多方面的一项协议即将签订了。
11.PHRASE If you lose sight of an important aspect of something, you no longer pay attention to it because you are worrying about less important things. 忽略
• In some cases, U.S. industry has lost sight of customer needs in designing products.
在一些情况下，美国工业在设计产品时忽略了顾客的需求。
12.PHRASE If someone is ordered to do something on sight, they have to do it without delay, as soon as a person or thing is seen. 一看见…就
• Troops shot anyone suspicious on sight.
军队一见可疑的人就开枪。
13.PHRASE If you set your sights on something, you decide that you want it and try hard to get it. 以某事为奋斗目标
• They have set their sights on the world record.
他们把目标瞄向了世界纪录。
14.PHRASE If you have something in your sights, you are trying hard to achieve it, and you have a good chance of success. If you have someone in your sights, you are determined to catch, defeat, or overcome them. 志在取得某事; 决意抓获、打败或征服某人
• The Giants’ slugger also has fourth place in his sights, needing 13 homers to move past Frank Robinson’s 586.
巨人队的强击手也对第4名志在必得，需要击出13个本垒打才能超过弗兰克·罗宾逊的586分。
• Is this knowledge of yours the reason the murderer now has you in his sights?
就是因为你知道的这些事凶犯才在追杀你吗？
skeptical
adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的
比较级 more skeptical最高级 most skeptical
somehow
/’sʌmhaʊ/
MEANINGS 义项
1.in some way, or by some means, although you do not know how
用某种方法；不知怎的
•Don’t worry, we’ll get the money back somehow. 别担心，我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。
•Somehow, I managed to lose my keys. 我不知怎的竟然把钥匙弄丢了。
•Maybe we could glue it together somehow or other . 也许我们可以想什么办法把它粘起来。
2.for some reason that is not clear to you or that you do not understand
由于某种不明原因，不知为什么
•Somehow, I just don’t think it’ll work. 不知为什么，我总觉得那样行不通。
sparingly
/'speərɪŋli/ MEANINGS 义项 using or doing only a little of something 一点点，俭省地 •Use the spices sparingly . 这种香料只要用一点点。 DERIVATIVE 派生词 sparing adj •We must be sparing with our resources. 我们一定要节约资源。
squat
/skwɒt/
pp: squatted pt: squatted pres part: squatting
MEANINGS 义项
1.to sit with your knees bent under you and your bottom just off the ground, balancing on your feet
蹲；蹲坐
THESAURUS sit
→ see pictures at 见 crouch，gym
[+ down]
•He squatted down beside the little girl. 他在小女孩身边蹲了下来。
2.to live in a building or on a piece of land without permission and without paying rent
擅自占用建筑物[空地]
squat 2 adj.
英 MEANINGS 义项
short and thick or low and wide, especially in a way which is not attractive
矮胖的；粗矮的
•squat stone cottages 矮而宽的小石屋
•a squat little old man 一个矮胖的小老头
squat 3
1.[C] a squatting position
蹲坐；蹲姿
2.[C] a house that people are living in without permission and without paying rent
被擅自占用的房子
•She lives in a squat in Camden. 她在卡姆登私占了一间房子住着。
3.[U] informal nothing, or nearly nothing. Squat is often used in negative sentences for emphasis
没有，几乎没有〔常用于否定句中以示强调〕
•He had a job that paid him squat. 他有一份几乎不赚什么钱的工作。
•You don’t know squat about it. 你对此毫不知情。
stake
/steɪk/
MEANINGS 义项
1.at stake
if something that you value very much is at stake, you will lose it if a plan or action is not successful
有风险，成败难料
•They have to win the contract – thousands of jobs are at stake. 他们必须拿下这份合同，这关系到数千个工作岗位。
•National pride is at stake in next week’s game against England. 下星期对英格兰队的比赛关乎民族尊严。
2.COMPANY/BUSINESS 公司/企业
[C] if you have a stake in a business, you have invested money in it
股份，股本
hold/have a stake in sth
•He holds a 51% stake in the firm. 他在这家公司拥有 51% 的股份。
3.have a stake in sth
if you have a stake in something, you will get advantages if it is successful, and you feel that you have an important connection with it
与某事物有利害关系
•Young people don’t feel they have a stake in the country’s future. 年轻人觉得自己与国家的未来没有关系。
stake 2 v. [T ]
英
MEANINGS 义项
1.to risk losing something that is valuable or important to you on the result of something
以…打赌，拿…冒险
stake sth on sb/sth
•Kevin is staking his reputation on the success of the project. 凯文把自己的名誉都押在这个项目上，赌它一定会成功。
•Jim staked his whole fortune on one card game. 吉姆把自己的全部财产都押在一次牌局中。
2.I’d stake my life on it
spoken used when saying that you are completely sure that something is true, or that something will happen
我敢以性命打赌
•I’m sure that’s Jesse – I’d stake my life on it. 我肯定那人就是杰西——我敢以性命打赌。
3.to support something with stakes
用桩支撑
•Young trees have to be staked. 小树必须用桩子支撑。
PHRVB 短语动词
stake sth ←→ outphr v
to watch a place secretly and continuously
持续监视〔某处〕
•Police officers have been staking out the warehouse for weeks. 警察对这座仓库已经监视好了几个星期。
to mark or control a particular area so that you can have it or use it
保留，留出
•We went to the show early to stake out a good spot. 我们早早地去了表演地点，抢占一个好位置。
to state your opinions about something in a way that shows how your ideas are clearly separate from other people’s ideas
明确表明〔自己的观点〕，毫不含糊地说明〔自己的立场〕
•Johnson staked out the differences between himself and the other candidates. 约翰逊明确表明了自己与其他候选人之间的不同之处。
strangle
/’stræŋɡ ə l/
MEANINGS 义项
1.to kill someone by pressing their throat with your hands, a rope etc扼死；勒死；绞死
RELTD choke
[+ with]
•The victim had been strangled with a belt. 受害者是被人用皮带勒死的。
2.to limit or prevent the growth or development of something
限制 [阻止]…的成长[发展]；扼杀
•Mills argues that high taxation strangles the economy. 米尔斯认为高税收会阻碍经济的发展。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
strangler n [C]
