U12 Flashcards
adroit
/ə’drɔɪt/
adj. 敏捷的，灵巧的；熟练的义项
agony
/ˈæɡəni/ pl: agonies 1.very severe pain极大的痛苦 THESAURUS pain •the agony of arthritis 关节炎的剧烈疼痛 in agony •I was in agony. 我极度痛苦。 •He groaned in agony. 他痛苦地呻吟着。 2.a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experience痛楚，苦难 •It was agony not knowing if she would live. 她生死难料，令人揪心。 [+ of] •He was in agonies of remorse. 他后悔不已。 → at 见 pile on →pile on the pressure/agony at 见 pile on2 → at 见 prolong →prolong the agony at 见 prolong2
ambassador
/æmˈbæsədə/
1.an important official who represents his or her government in a foreign country大使
[+ to]
•the US ambassador to Spain 美国驻西班牙大使
2.someone who represents a particular sport, business etc because they behave in a way that people admire〔体育项目、行业等的〕代表人物
[+ for]
•He has made some good films and he is a good ambassador for the industry. 他拍摄过一些好电影，是这个行业的杰出代表。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
ambassadorial adj /æm͵bæsəˋdɔrɪəl ; æmˌbæsəˈdɔːriəl /
•relations at ambassadorial level 大使级外交关系
anticipate
/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt, ænˈtɪsəpeɪt/
1.to expect that something will happen and be ready for it预期，预料
•Sales are better than anticipated. 销量比预期要好。
•A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience’s needs and concerns. 好的演讲者能够预先考虑到听众需要什么、关注什么。
anticipate changes/developments
•The schedule isn’t final, but we don’t anticipate many changes. 日程还没有最后定下来，但是我们预料不会有许多变化。
anticipate problems/difficulties
•We don’t anticipate any problems. 我们预料不会有问题。
anticipate (that)
•This year, we anticipate that our expenses will be 15% greater. 今年，我们预计支出会增加15%。
•It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications. 预计这项研究将有许多不同的实际用途。
anticipate doing sth
•I didn’t anticipate having to do the cooking myself! 我没有料到要自己做饭！
2.to think about something that is going to happen, especially something pleasant
期待〔尤指好事〕
SYN look forward to
•Daniel was eagerly anticipating her arrival. 丹尼尔热切地期待着她的到来。
3.to do something before someone else
先于…之前（做）
•Copernicus anticipated in part the discoveries of the 17th and 18th centuries. 17和18世纪的发现中有一部分早为哥白尼所发现。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
anticipatory adjformal /ænˋtɪsəpə͵tɔrɪ ; ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪt ə ri /
•the anticipatory atmosphere of a big college football game 一场大学足球大战前山雨欲来的气氛
apply
/əˈplaɪ/
pp: applied pt: applied pres part: applying 3rd pers sg: applies
1.request 请求
[I] to make a formal request, usually written, for something such as a job, a place at a university, or permission to do something
申请
•We need to apply for planning permission to build a garage. 我们建车库需要申请规划许可。
[+ for]
•She applied for a job with the local newspaper. 她申请了当地报社的一个职位。
[+ to]
•I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. 我向四所大学提出申请，都被录取了。
2.affect 影响
[I,T not in progressive,不用进行式] to have an effect on or to concern a particular person, group, or situation
（对…）适用；有效
[+ to]
•Do the same rules apply to part-time workers? 这些规定对兼职人员也适用吗？
•The offer only applies to flights from London and Manchester. 这个报价只适用于从伦敦和曼彻斯特起飞的航班。
3.use 使用
[T] to use something such as a method, idea, or law in a particular situation, activity, or process应用，运用
THESAURUS use
•These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice. 这些想法往往很难付诸实践。
apply sth to sth
•New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process. 新技术几乎应用到所有的工业流程中应用。
blow
/bləʊ/
pt: blew pp: blown
1.wind moving 风吹动
[I,T] if the wind or a current of air blows, it moves〔风〕吹，刮
•A cold breeze was blowing hard . 寒风劲吹。
•It was blowing from an easterly direction. 这是从东面吹过来的。
•Outside, the weather was blowing a gale . 外面狂风大作。
2.wind moving sth 风吹动某物
[I,T usually + adv/prep] to move, or to move something, by the force of the wind or a current of air吹动；刮走
•Her hair was blowing in the breeze. 她的头发在微风中飘扬。
•The wind blew the rain into our faces. 风裹挟着雨点吹打在我们脸上。
•My ticket blew away. 我的票被风刮走了。
blow (sth) open/shut
•A sudden draught blew the door shut . 一阵突如其来的穿堂风把门吹上了。
3.air from your mouth 嘴里呼出的气
[I,T always + adv/prep] to send air out from your mouth吹（气）
•He blew the smoke right in my face. 他直对着我的脸吐烟。
blow (sth) into/onto/out etc
•She blew onto her coffee to cool it down. 她吹着咖啡让它凉下来。
PHRVB 短语动词
blow sb←→ away phr vespecially AmE
1.to make someone feel very surprised, especially about something they like or admire使大为惊讶〔尤指对喜欢或羡慕的东西〕
•It just blows me away, the way everyone’s so friendly round here. 我真是惊讶极了，这里人人都是这么友好。
2.to kill someone by shooting them with a gun枪杀
3.to defeat someone completely, especially in a game〔尤指在比赛中〕彻底击败
Nancy blew away the rest of the skaters. 南希击败了其他的滑冰运动员。
blow down phr v
1.if the wind blows something down, or if something blows down, the wind makes it fall吹倒，刮倒
•The garden gate has blown down. 花园的门被风吹倒了。
blow sth ←→ down
•Several trees were blown down in the night.夜里有好几棵树被刮倒了。
blow in phr v
1.to arrive in a place, especially suddenly
突然来到
•Jim blew in about an hour ago. 大约一小时前吉姆突然来了。
•Guess who’s just blown into town ? 猜猜刚才谁进城来了？
2.if a storm or bad weather blows in, it arrives and begins to affect a particular area
〔暴风雨或坏天气〕到来
•The first snowstorm blew in from the north. 第一场暴风雪从北方袭来。
blow 2 n. [C ] S3 W3
1.BAD EFFECT 不好的效果
an action or event that causes difficulty or sadness for someone打击
•Joe resigned, which was a severe blow because we needed him desperately. 乔辞职了，这是一个巨大的打击，因为我们非常需要他。
•His mother’s death was a shattering blow . 他母亲的死是一个沉重的打击。
•The election result dealt a further blow to the party. 竞选结果进一步打击了这个政党。
•The factory closures came as a blow to the local economy. 工厂关闭是对当地经济的一个打击。
•The final blow for many firms was the government’s abolition of import duties. 对于许多公司来说，政府取消进口税是最后致命的一击。
2.hard hit 重击
a hard hit with someone’s hand, a tool, or a weapon重击，击打
•She died from a heavy blow to the head. 她头部受重击死亡。
•He struck a blow which threw her to the floor. 他一拳把她打倒在地。
•Martin received a blow on the nose. 马丁鼻子上被打了一下。
•He had been struck a glancing blow (= a blow that did not hit him directly ) by the car. 他被汽车从侧面刮到了。
[+ to]
•He gave her a violent blow to the head. 他在她脑袋上猛击了一下。
3.blowing 吹
an action of blowing吹
•One big blow and the candles were out. 使劲一吹，蜡烛就都灭了。
In everyday English, people usually say that someone gets hit or that something hits them, rather than using the noun blow
在日常英语中，人们一般说someone gets hit 或something hits someone，而不用名词blow
→ at 见 strike →strike a blow for sb/sth at 见 strike17
blunder
ˈblʌndə/
a careless or stupid mistake愚蠢的错误，疏忽
THESAURUS mistake
•A last-minute blunder cost them the match. 最后一刻的失误使他们输掉了这场比赛。
blunder 2 v.
1.[I always + adv/prep] to move in an unsteady way, as if you cannot see properly
踉踉跄跄地走，跌跌撞撞
[+ about/around]
•Someone was blundering about in the kitchen. 有人在厨房里四处瞎撞。
blunder into/past/through etc sth
•Phil came blundering down the stairs. 菲尔跌跌撞撞地跑下楼梯。
2.[I] to make a big mistake, especially because you have been careless or stupid
犯愚蠢的错误；出娄子
•They blundered badly when they gave him the job. 他们犯了大错，让他做这份工作。
3.[I always + adv/prep] to enter a place or become involved in a difficult situation by mistake误入〔某地〕；不小心陷入〔困境〕
[+ into]
•Somehow we blundered into the war. 我们不知怎么地就卷入了这场战争。
[+ in]
•He would have agreed if you hadn’t blundered in. 要不是你冒冒失失跑进来，他都已经同意了。
boil
/bɔɪl/
1.[I,T] when a liquid boils, or when you boil it, it becomes hot enough to turn into gas
（使）沸腾，煮沸，烧开
•Put the spaghetti into plenty of boiling salted water. 把意大利面放入大量煮沸的盐水中。
•We were advised to boil the water before drinking it. 有人建议我们把这水烧开后再喝。
[+ at]
•The solution boiled at 57.4°C. 溶液在57.4摄氏度时沸腾。
2.[I,T] to cook something in boiling water
〔用开水〕煮〔食物〕
THESAURUS cook
→ see picture at 见 egg 1
•a boiled egg 一个煮鸡蛋
•Boil the rice for 15 minutes. 把米饭煮十五分钟。
•She fried the chicken and put the vegetables on to boil . 她把鸡肉炸了炸，再把蔬菜放进去煮。
3.[I,T] if something containing liquid boils, the liquid inside it is boiling
〔容器里的液体〕沸腾，烧开
•The kettle’s boiling – shall I turn it off? 水壶里的水开了——我把火关了好吗？
•The saucepan boiled dry on the stove. 锅在炉子上烧干了。
→ boiling point → at 见 blood →make sb’s blood boil at 见 blood4
PHRVB 短语动词
boil awayphr v
1.if a liquid boils away, it disappears because it has been heated too much
烧干，煮干；汽化
•The soup’s almost boiled away. 汤几乎要烧干了。
boil downphr v
1.boil down to sth if a long statement, argument etc boils down to a single statement, that statement is the main point or cause要点是，归结为
•It boils down to a question of priorities. 归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。
2.boil sth ←→ down to make a list or piece of writing shorter by not including anything that is not necessary
压缩，简化〔清单或文章〕
•You can boil this down so that there are just two main categories. 你可以把这个压缩到只有两大类。
3.if a food or liquid boils down, or if you boil it down, it becomes less after it is cooked
煮稠，浓缩，缩掉
•Spinach tends to boil down a lot. 菠菜一煮会缩掉许多。
boil sth ←→ down
•glue made from boiling down old sheepskins用旧羊皮熬制的胶水
boil overphr v
1.if a liquid boils over when it is heated, it rises and flows over the side of the container沸腾而溢出，潽出来
•The milk was boiling over on the stove behind her. 她身后炉子上的牛奶潽出来了。
2.if a situation or an emotion boils over, the people involved stop being calm
〔局面或情绪〕控制不住，爆发
•All the bitterness of the last two years seemed to boil over. 过去两年里的所有苦痛似乎全都爆发了出来。
•Anger eventually boils over into words that are later regretted.怒火最终会爆发出来，变成事后懊悔的话语。
boil 2 n
1.the boil
the act or state of boiling煮沸；沸腾
•Add the seasoning and bring the sauce to the boil . 加入调味料，把酱汁煮开。
•She waited for the water to come to the boil (= begin to boil ) . 她等待水烧开。
2.[C] a painful infected swelling under someone’s skin疖子，疮
•The boy’s body is covered in boils. 这个男孩满身是疖子。
3.go off the boil
to become less good at something that you are usually very good at不如从前，生疏了
•He’s gone off the boil after a tournament win in Dubai. 他在迪拜的锦标赛中夺冠后就开始走下坡路了。
bristle
ˈbrɪs ə l/
1.[C,U] a short stiff hair that feels rough
短而硬的毛发；胡茬
•His chin was covered with bristles. 他满下巴都是胡茬。
2.[C] a short stiff hair, wire etc that forms part of a brush〔刷子上的〕鬃毛，刷子毛
bristle 2 v. [I ]
1.to behave in a way that shows you are very angry or annoyed
发怒
bristle with rage/indignation etc
•John pushed back his chair, bristling with rage. 约翰把椅子往后一推，暴跳起来。
[+ at]
•He bristled at her rudeness. 她的无礼使他火冒三丈。
2.if an animal’s hair bristles, it stands up stiffly because the animal is afraid or angry
〔动物因惊慌或愤怒而毛发〕竖起，耸起
PHRVB 短语动词
bristle with sthphr v
to have a lot of something, or be full of something充满，充斥着
•a battleship bristling with guns 布满大炮的战舰
broadsword
ˈbrɔːdsɔːd/a heavy sword with a broad flat blade大砍刀；阔剑
burial
ˈberiəl/
1.the act or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave埋葬；葬礼
2.the act of burying something in the ground〔某物的〕掩埋
[+ of]
•the burial of solid waste 掩埋粪便
capture
/’kæptʃə/
1.PERSON 人
to catch a person and keep them as a prisoner俘虏，逮捕
THESAURUS catch
•Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 政府军已经成功抓获叛乱分子的头目。
•40 captured French soldiers 40名被俘虏的法国士兵
2.PLACE/THING 地方/东西
to get control of a place or object that previously belonged to an enemy, during a war攻取夺取，夺得〔属于敌人的地方或物品〕
•The town was captured after a siege lasting ten days. 经过十天的围攻，该镇终于被攻陷。
•The Dutch fleet captured two English ships. 荷兰舰队虏获两艘英国船。
3.ANIMAL 动物
to catch an animal after chasing or following it捕获〔动物〕
•The tiger was finally captured two miles outside the village. 这只老虎终于在村外两英里的地方被捕获了。
capture 2 n. [U ]
1.when you catch someone in order to make them a prisoner捕获，俘虏
•The two soldiers somehow managed to avoid capture. 这两名士兵设法躲过了抓捕。
2.when soldiers get control of a place that previously belonged to an enemy占领，攻占
[+ of]
•the capture of Jerusalem in 1099 1099年攻占耶路撒冷
3.when you get control of something that previously belonged to one of your competitors夺取，抢占
cavalry
/’kæv ə lri/
1.the part of an army that fights on horses, especially in the past〔尤指旧时的〕骑兵（部队）
•The Black Prince led a cavalry charge against them. 黑王子带领骑兵向他们冲去。
2.the part of a modern army that uses tank s坦克部队，装甲兵部队
charity
/’tʃærɪti,’tʃærəti/
pl: charities
1.[C] an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick etc慈善机构，慈善团体
RELTD charitable
THESAURUS organization
•Several charities sent aid to the flood victims. 有几家慈善机构已向洪灾灾民送去了救援物资。
charity event/walk/concert etc (=an event organized to collect money for a charity)慈善活动/步行/音乐会等
2.[U] charity organizations in general
慈善事业
•All the money raised by the concert will go to charity . 音乐会筹得的钱款将全部用于慈善事业。
for charity
•The children raised over £200 for charity. 孩子们募捐到200多英镑善款。
3.[U] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick etc救济，施舍的财物
•refugees living on charity 靠救济过活的难民
•Her pride wouldn’t allow her to accept charity . 她的自尊心不允许自己去接受别人的施舍
condemn
/kən’dem/
1.DISAPPROVE 责备
to say very strongly that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think it is morally wrong指责，谴责
THESAURUS criticize
•Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing. 政治家们立即对爆炸事件进行了谴责。
condemn sth/sb as sth
•The law has been condemned as an attack on personal liberty. 这项法律被指责侵犯人身自由。
condemn sb/sth for (doing) sth
•She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children. 她知道社会会因为她遗弃孩子而谴责她。
2.PUNISH 惩罚
to give someone a severe punishment after deciding they are guilty of a crime给…判罪，给…判刑
condemn sb to sth
•He was found guilty and condemned to death . 他被裁定有罪，判了死刑。
3.FORCE TO DO STH 强迫做某事
if a particular situation condemns someone to something, it forces them to live in an unpleasant way or to do something unpleasant迫使〔某人〕处于不幸的境地；迫使〔某人〕做不愿做的事
condemn sb to (do) sth
•people condemned to a life of poverty 被迫过贫穷生活的人
•His occupation condemned him to spend long periods of time away from his family. 他的职业迫使他长时间地离开家人。
Confucius
/kən’fju:ʃjəs/
孔子(公元前551～前479，中国春秋末期思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家的创始人)[汉语K’ung Futzǔ]
decay
/dɪ’keɪ/
1.[I,T] to be slowly destroyed by a natural chemical process, or to make something do this（使）腐烂；（使）变坏
•Her body was already starting to decay. 她的尸体已经开始腐烂。
•Most archaeological finds are broken, damaged, or decayed. 大部分考古发现物都已破裂、损坏或腐烂。
•decaying organic matter 腐烂的有机物
2.[I] if buildings, structures, or areas decay, their condition gradually becomes worse
〔建筑、结构或地区〕破败，毁坏
•Hundreds of historic buildings are being allowed to decay. 数百幢历史建筑被任由破败。
•Britain’s decaying inner cities 英国破败的旧城区
3.[I] if traditional beliefs, standards etc decay, people do not believe in them or support them any more
〔传统观念、标准等〕失去影响力，衰败，衰落
SYN decline
•In Orthodox Europe, mass religion seems to have decayed less. 在正教会流行的欧洲地区，集体宗教信仰的影响力似乎衰退得没那么严重。
register 语体
In everyday English, people usually say rot rather than decay when talking about food.
在日常英语中,人们谈论食物一般说 rot ,而不用 decay
•There was a smell of rotting vegetables. 有股蔬菜腐烂的味道。
decay 2 n. [U ]
1.the natural chemical change that causes the slow destruction of something
腐烂，朽烂
•old cars in various stages of decay 损坏程度不等的旧车
tooth decay
2.the gradual destruction of buildings, structures etc because they have not been cared for〔疏于管理而造成建筑物等的〕破败，衰败
•poverty and urban decay 贫穷和市区的破败
fall into (a state of) decay
•During the war, the area fell into decay. 战争期间这个地区衰败了。
3.the gradual destruction of ideas, beliefs, social or political systems etc
〔观念、信仰、社会制度、政治制度等的〕衰退，没落
•moral decay 道德的败坏
deft
/deft/ written 【书面】 1.a deft movement is skilful, and often quick 〔行动〕灵巧的，敏捷的 •He sketched her with quick, deft strokes. 他给她画素描，下笔又快又熟练。 •deft footwork 敏捷的步法 2.skilful at doing something 〔做某事〕在行的，熟练的 SYN adept •his deft chairmanship of the company 他对公司驾轻就熟的领导 DERIVATIVE 派生词 deftly adv deftness n [U]
deluge
/’deljuːdʒ/
1.[usually singular,一般用单数] a large amount of something such as letters or questions that someone gets at the same time纷至沓来的事物〔如信件、问题等〕
SYN flood
[+ of]
•Viewers sent a deluge of complaints about the show. 观众对这个节目的投诉如潮水般涌来。
2.formal a large flood, or period when there is a lot of rain洪水；暴雨期
SYN flood 【正式】
deluge 2 v. [T ]
1.[usually passive,一般用被动态] to send a very large number of letters, questions etc to someone all at the same time
使〔大量的信件、问题等同时〕涌向〔某人〕
SYN flood
be deluged with sth
•He was deluged with phone calls from friends and colleagues, congratulating him. 朋友和同事纷纷来电向他表示祝贺。
2.formal to cover something with a lot of water淹没
SYN flood 【正式】
detailed
/’diːteɪld/
1.containing or including a lot of information or details详细的，详尽的
detailed description/account/analysis etc
•a detailed study of crime in Seattle 对西雅图犯罪情况的详细研究
•More detailed information is available on request. 详情请联系索取。
2.having a lot of decorations or small features that are difficult to produce〔装饰〕精细的，细致的
SYN intricate
•a beautifully detailed carving 漂亮精致的雕刻
diplomatic
/‚dɪplə’mætɪk◂/
1.relating to or involving the work of diplomats外交的，从事外交工作的
•Diplomatic efforts to end the fighting began on October 25. 停战的外交努力于10月25日开始。
2.diplomatic relations/ties
the arrangement between two countries that each should keep representatives at an embassy in the other’s country外交关系
establish/break off diplomatic relations
•The two countries established diplomatic relations last year. 去年两国建立了外交关系。
3.dealing with people politely and skilfully without upsetting them
讲究手腕的，灵活变通的
SYN tactful
•They were always very diplomatic with awkward clients. 他们与难缠的客户打交道一向很有策略。
•a diplomatic answer 八面玲珑的回答
DERIVATIVE 派生词
diplomatically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
•Maria handled the situation very diplomatically. 玛丽亚很圆熟地处理了这一情况。
disappointment
/‚dɪsə’pɔɪntmənt/
1.[U] a feeling of unhappiness because something is not as good as you expected, or has not happened in the way you hoped
失望，扫兴，沮丧
•He could see the disappointment in her eyes. 他看到了她眼中的失望。
•Several people expressed disappointment at the delay. 有好几个人对这次延误表示失望。
•She hid her bitter disappointment . 她把深深的沮丧掩饰起来。
to sb’s (great) disappointment
•To Edward’s disappointment, Gina never turned up at the party. 让爱德华感到扫兴的是，吉娜始终没在聚会上出现。
[+ at/with/over etc]
•the managers’ disappointment with the results 经理对此结果的失望
disappointment that
•her disappointment that she hadn’t been picked 她对落选感到的失望
2.[C] someone or something that is not as good as you hoped or expected
令人失望的人[事]
•The movie was kind of a disappointment. 那部电影有些让人失望。
great/bitter disappointment
•The loss was a bitter disappointment. 这次失利让人非常失望。
[+ to]
•She felt she was a disappointment to her family. 她觉得自己让家人失望了。
[+ for]
•The team’s performance has been a disappointment for the fans. 球队的表现让球迷感到失望。
distressed
/dɪ’strest/
1.very upset苦恼的，忧虑的
THESAURUS sad
deeply/visibly distressed
•Hannah was deeply distressed by the news. 汉娜为这消息深感苦恼。
[+ at/by]
•My client is very distressed at the treatment she received from your officers. 我的委托人因受到你方官员如此对待而极为烦闷。
distressed to find/hear/see/learn etc sth
•She was distressed to see he was crying. 看到他在哭，她感到很难过。
2.technical in a lot of pain十分疼痛的
•The animal was clearly distressed. 那动物显然很痛。
3.distressed furniture or clothes have been made to look older than they really are
〔家具或衣服〕刻意做旧的，仿古的
duel
/’djuːəl/
1.a fight with weapons between two people, used in the past to settle a quarrel
〔旧时两人为解决争执的〕决斗
•The officer challenged him to a duel . 那军官向他提出决斗。
2.a situation in which two people or groups are involved in an angry disagreement
〔双方进行的〕斗争，对抗
•a verbal duel 舌战
duel 2 v. [I ]
pp: duelled dueled pt: duelled dueled pres part: duelling dueling
to fight a duel进行决斗
exhaustive
/ɪɡ'zɔːstɪv/ extremely thorough and complete 全面的；彻底的；详尽的 •an exhaustive investigation 彻底的调查 •The list is by no means exhaustive. 清单一点也不详尽。 DERIVATIVE 派生词 exhaustively adv
futile
/’fjuːtaɪl/
actions that are futile are useless because they have no chance of being successful
无用的；徒劳的
OPP worthwhile
SYN pointless
•My efforts to go back to sleep proved futile. 我努力想再次入睡，但怎么也睡不着。
a futile attempt/effort
•a futile attempt to save the paintings from the flames 试图将那些画从大火中抢救出来的徒劳之举
it is futile to do sth
•It was futile to continue the negotiations. 继续谈判下去也是枉然。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
futility n /f juˋtɪlətɪ ; fjuː’tɪlɪti,fjuː’tɪləti / [U]
•This sums up Owen’s thoughts on the futility of war. 这就是欧文的战争无益思想。
hasty
/’heɪsti/
1.done in a hurry, especially with bad results
匆忙的；仓促的
SYN hurried
THESAURUS fast
•He soon regretted his hasty decision. 他很快就对自己仓促作出的决定感到后悔了。
•a hasty breakfast 匆忙吃下的一顿早餐
2.be hasty
to do something too soon, without careful enough thought着急，草率行事
•Let’s not be hasty – sit down for a moment. 我们别急，坐一会儿。
heaven-sent
/undefined/
literary
happening fortunately at exactly the right time天赐的；最合时宜的
•a heaven-sent opportunity 天赐良机
heaveb-sent oppotunity
天赐良机
hereafter
/‚hɪər’ɑːftə/
1.[sentence adverb,句子副词] formal from this time此后，今后
2.formal after death死后
•his belief in God and a life hereafter 他对上帝和来世的信仰
3.law in a later part of an official or legal document〔正式或法律文件中〕在下文中，此后
•the Ulster Democratic Unionist Party (hereafter UDUP) 北爱尔兰民主统一党（以下简称UDUP）
hereafter 2 n.
the hereafter
a life after death来世
•Do you believe in the hereafter? 你相信有来世吗？
impair
/ɪm’peə/
to damage something or make it not as good as it should be削弱，损害，损伤〔某物〕
THESAURUS harm
•The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate. 这种疾病损害了他的思维能力和注意力。
impassable
/ɪm’pɑːsəbəl/
a road, path, or area that is impassable is impossible to travel along or through
不能通行的，无法通过的
•The mountains are impassable. 连绵的群山无法翻越。
incompetent
/ɪn'kɒmpɪtənt,ɪn'kɒmpətənt/ not having the ability or skill to do a job properly不称职的，不胜任的 OPP competent •an incompetent manager 不称职的经理 •weak incompetent leadership 软弱不称职的领导 DERIVATIVE 派生词 incompetent n [C] incompetently adv
indignation
/‚ɪndɪɡ’neɪʃən/
feelings of anger and surprise because you feel insulted or unfairly treated
〔因感觉受辱或受到不公平待遇而产生的〕愤慨，义愤，愤怒
•To his indignation, Charles found that his name was not on the list. 查尔斯发现他的名字没有出现在名单上，这让他深感愤慨。
•He stormed into her office, full of righteous indignation. 他义愤填膺，气呼呼地冲进她的办公室。
with/in indignation
•Lou’s voice quivered with indignation. 洛乌气得说话声都颤抖了。
[+ at/about/over]
•Her indignation at such rough treatment was understandable. 遭受如此粗暴的待遇，她大为光火是可以理解的。
indulge
/ɪn’dʌldʒ/
1.[I,T] to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you(使自己)沉溺(于)，沉湎(于)
•Ray has enough money to indulge his taste for expensive wines. 雷有足够的钱来尽情享受高档葡萄酒。
[+ in]
•Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking. 我们大多数人都忙得不能在午饭时尽情饮酒。
•Eva had never been one to indulge in self-pity. 伊娃从不是那种沉湎于自怜自哀的人。
indulge yourself
•Even if you’re dieting, you can indulge yourself (= eat what you want ) once in a while. 即使在节食，也可以偶尔放纵一下。
2.[T] to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them放纵，纵容，迁就
•His mother spoiled him, indulging his every whim. 他母亲对他纵容娇惯，百依百顺。
3.[I] to take part in an activity, especially an illegal one参与，参加〔尤指违法活动〕
[+ in]
•Women do not indulge in crime to the same extent as men. 女性参与犯罪的程度与男性不同。
insult
/ɪn’sʌlt/
1.to offend someone by saying or doing something they think is rude侮辱；冒犯
•Nobody insults my family and gets away with it! 谁也别想侮辱了我的家人之后就这么算了！
•I hope Andy won’t be insulted if I don’t come. 如果我不来，希望安迪不要介意。
insult sb by doing sth
•They insult us by ignoring our complaints. 他们对我们的投诉不理不睬，这是在侮辱我们。
2.insult sb’s intelligence
to say or do something that suggests you think someone is stupid侮辱某人的智商
•I won’t insult your intelligence by lying. Yes, I told him. 我不想撒谎来侮辱你的智商。是，我告诉他了。
in‧sult 2 /’ɪnsʌlt,ˋɪnsʌlt/ n. [C ]
英 /’ɪnsʌlt/
1.a remark or action that is offensive or deliberately rude辱骂；侮辱；冒犯
•She was shouting insults at her boyfriend. 她正对她的男朋友高声辱骂。
•$200 for all that work? It’s an insult. 干那么多工作才给200美元？这简直是侮辱。
•Their offer was so low I took it as an insult (= thought it was meant to be an insult ). 他们的出价太低，我认为是一种侮辱。
2.be an insult to sb’s intelligence
to offend someone by being too simple or stupid〔因过于简单或愚蠢而〕是对某人智商的侮辱
•Some advertising is an insult to our intelligence. 有些广告对我们的智商是一种侮辱。
→ at 见 add →add insult to injury at 见 add8
invaluable
/ɪn’væljuəb ə l, -jʊb ə l,ɪn’væljuəb ə l, -jəb ə l/
extremely useful极有价值的
THESAURUS useful
•The internet is an invaluable source of information. 因特网是十分有价值的信息来源。
[+ to/for]
•Your advice has been invaluable to us. 你的建议对我们非常宝贵。
invaluable in/for (doing) sth
•This help was invaluable in focussing my ideas. 这一帮助对于整理我的思绪很有益处。
journal
/’dʒɜːnl/
1.a serious magazine produced for professional people or those with a particular interest〔供专业人士或具有某种兴趣的人读的〕期刊，杂志
•the British Medical Journal 《英国医学杂志》
2.a written record that you make of the things that happen to you each day日记，日志
SYN diary
•He decided to keep a journal. 他决定记日记。
lashing
/’læʃɪŋ/
1.a punishment in which someone is hit with a whip鞭笞
SYN whipping
2.a rope that fastens something tightly to something else〔捆绑用的〕绳索，系索
3.lashings of sth
old-fashioned a large amount of food or drink大量的某物〔指食品或饮料〕
•apple pie with lashings of cream 加了许多奶油的苹果馅饼
leap
/liːp/
pp: leapt pt: leapt pp: leaped pt: leaped
1.JUMP 跳
[I always + adv/prep] to jump high into the air or to jump in order to land in a different place 跳，跳跃
•She leapt over the fence. 她跳过篱笆。
•The smaller animals can easily leap from tree to tree. 体形较小的动物可以在树丛间轻巧地跳来跳去。
[T] to jump over something 跳过，跃过
•Brenda leaped the gate and ran across the field. 布伦达跃过大门，跑过田野。
2.MOVE FAST 快速移动
[I always + adv/prep] to move very quickly and with a lot of energy
猛冲
•I leapt up the stairs three at a time. 我一步三级地冲上楼。
•He leapt out of bed. 他从床上一跃而起。
•She leapt to her feet (= stood up quickly ) and started shouting. 她立刻站起来开始大喊大叫。
3.INCREASE 增加
[I] to increase quickly and by a large amount
骤增，剧增
OPP tumble
•He leapt 27 places to second spot. 他上升了27位，跃居第二名。
[+ to]
•Profits leapt to £376m. 利润骤增至3.76亿英镑。
→ at 见 look 1 →look before you leap at 见 look 1
PHRVB 短语动词
leap out at sbphr v
if a word or phrase in a piece of writing leaps out at you, you notice it particularly, because it is interesting, important etc
〔文章中的词语〕跃入…的眼帘
leap 2 n. [C ]
1.a big jump跳跃
SYN bound
He threw a stick into the river and the dog went after it in a flying leap. 他把一根枝条扔到河里，那条狗一个飞跃就追了过去。
2.a large increase or change剧增，激增；剧变
quantum/great/huge etc leap
•a quantum leap (= very great increase or change ) in population levels 人口水平的巨大增长
[+ in]
•a 16% leap in pre-tax profits 税前利润激增16%
[+ forward]•
the huge leap forward that took place in the 1980s 发生在20世纪80年代的巨大飞跃
3.by/in leaps and bounds
if something increases, develops, grows etc by leaps and bounds, it does it very quickly
迅速地，突飞猛进地
•Lifeboat technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. 救生艇技术突飞猛进。
leap on one’s horse
跳上马
blow off steam
发泄怒气
boil with anger
怒火中烧，异常气愤
bristle with sth.
(密密地)覆盖；(困难等)重重，充满： The battlefield was bristled with guns. 战场上枪炮林立。 It was a Sunday morning and the city was bristled with people. 那是个星期日上午，城里挤满了人。 2.(怒气)冲冲，怒发冲冠： He bristled with anger. 他满腔怒火。
bitter disappointment
极大的失望
burial permit
埋葬许可证
magnitude
/’mæɡnɪtjuːd,’mæɡnətjuːd/
1.the great size or importance of something
巨大，庞大；重要性
•an increase of this order of magnitude 如此大幅度的增长
[+ of]
•They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem. 他们似乎没有意识到这个问题的重要性。
of such/this/similar etc magnitude
•We did not think the cuts would be of this magnitude. 我们没想到削减幅度会这么大。
2.[C] technical the degree of brightness of a star〔恒星的〕星等
3.[C] technical the force of an earthquake
震级
malice
/’mælɪs,’mæləs/
1.the desire to harm someone because you hate them恶意；害人之心
•James bore her no malice (= did not feel any malice towards her ) . 詹姆斯对她并无恶意。
with malice
•His eyes gleamed with malice. 他目露凶光。
sheer/pure malice
•She did it out of sheer malice. 她这么做纯粹是出于恶意。
2.with malice aforethought
law with the deliberate intention of doing something that is against the law
〔犯罪〕蓄意地，有恶意预谋地
maneuver
/mə’nʊvɚ; mə’njʊvɚ/
n. [军] 机动；演习；策略；调遣
vi. [军] 机动；演习；调遣；用计谋
vt. [军] 机动；演习；用计；调遣
motivate
/’məʊtɪveɪt,’məʊtəveɪt/
1.to be the reason why someone does something成为…的动机
SYN drive
•Was he motivated solely by a desire for power? 他只是受到权欲的驱使吗？
motivate sb to do sth
•We may never know what motivated him to kill his wife. 我们也许永远不会知道他谋杀妻子的动机是什么。
2.to make someone want to achieve something and make them willing to work hard in order to do this激发，激励，促动
•A good teacher has to be able to motivate her students. 好教师必须能够激发学生的积极性。
motivate sb to do sth
•The profit-sharing plan is designed to motivate the staff to work hard. 利润分红计划旨在激励员工努力工作。
mush
/mʌʃ/
1.[singular,单数, U] an unpleasant soft substance, especially food, which is partly liquid and partly solid糊状物，烂糊状的东西〔尤指食物〕
•The boiled vegetables had turned to mush . 煮过的蔬菜变成了一堆烂糊糊。
•She trudged through the mush of fallen leaves. 她步履沉重地走过烂泥般的落叶。
2.turn/go to mush
if yourbrains, heart etc turn to mush, you cannot think clearly or sensibly
〔头脑〕变得不清晰/糊涂
•If you watch too much TV, your brains will turn to mush. 如果你看太多电视，脑子就会变糊涂。
3.[U] a thick porridge made from cornmeal
稠玉米粥
mush 2 /mʊʃ,muʃ/ n.
1.spoken,informal used to speak to someone in an angry way讨厌鬼；脏鬼〔对某人愤怒的称呼〕
•Oi, mush! Get your hands off my car! 喂，脏鬼！把你的手从我车上拿开！
2.[C] informal someone’s face or mouth脸；嘴
•I didn’t want to see his ugly mush ever again. 我不想再看到他那张丑陋的脸。
mush 3 /mʌʃ,mʌʃ/ interjection.
used to tell a team of dogs that pull a sledge over snow to start moving走！〔赶拉雪橇的狗前进的吆喝声〕
opponent
/ə’pəʊnənt/
1.someone who you try to defeat in a competition, game, fight, or argument
〔竞争、比赛、打斗、争执等的〕对手，敌手•Graf’s opponent in today’s final will be Sukova. 格拉芙今天的决赛对手将是苏科娃。
•He is admired even by his political opponents. 他甚至受到政敌的钦佩。
leading/main/chief opponent
•During the primary elections, McCain was Bush’s leading opponent. 初选时，麦凯恩是布什的主要对手。
formidable/worthy opponent
•In debate he was a formidable opponent. 在辩论时他是一位难以应付的对手。
2.someone who disagrees with a plan, idea, or system and wants to try to stop or change it反对者
OPP proponent
[+ of]
•Rodgers was not an opponent of the new airport. 罗杰斯并不反对建设新机场。
bitter/vocal/outspoken opponent
•an outspoken opponent of gun control 直言不讳反对枪支管制的人
pierce
/pɪəs/
1.[T] to make a small hole in or through something, using an object with a sharp point刺入，刺穿，刺破
•Steam the corn until it can easily be pierced with a fork. 把玉米蒸到用叉子可以轻易扎透。
•Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung. 罗丝被子弹射穿肺部，接受了紧急手术。
pierce a hole in/through sth
•Pierce small holes in the base of the pot with a hot needle. 用一根烧红的针在盆底扎几个小洞。
2.have your ears/nose etc pierced
to have a small hole made in your ears, nose etc so that you can wear jewellery through the hole
让人给耳朵/鼻子等穿孔
•I had my belly-button pierced. 我在肚脐上穿了洞眼。
•pierced ears 扎了耳洞的耳朵
3.[I,T always + adv/prep] literary if sound or light pierces something, you suddenly hear or see it〔声或光〕穿过，透入
•The darkness was pierced by the beam from the lighthouse. 灯塔射出的光束穿透了黑暗。
•A sudden scream pierced the silence. 突如其来的一声尖叫划破了寂静。
[+ through]
•The men’s lanterns pierced through the dense mist. 男人们手中灯笼的光线穿透了浓雾。
to be pierced with sth.
突然看到刺目的强光或听到刺耳的尖叫声
point-blank
1.if you say or refuse something point-blank, you do it directly and without trying to explain your reasons直截了当地，干脆地，断然地
•He refused point-blank to identify his accomplices. 他断然拒绝指认他的同谋。
•I told him point-blank that I didn’t want to get involved. 我直截了当地告诉他我不想参与。
2.a gun fired point-blank is fired very close to the person or thing it is aimed at〔射击〕近距离地
•The victim was shot point-blank in the chest. 受害者被近距离射中胸部。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
point-blank adj
•a point-blank refusal 断然拒绝
•The bullet was fired at point-blank range . 子弹从近距离射出。
refuse point-blank
断然拒绝
politician
/‚pɒlɪ’tɪʃ ə n,‚pɒlə’tɪʃ ə n/
1.someone who works in politics, especially an elected member of the government
政治家
•politicians who are trying to get the minority vote 努力争取少数族群选票的政治家
•a British Labour politician 英国工党政治家
2.someone who is skilled at dealing with people or using the situation within an organization to gain an advantage
善于玩弄权术者
•the office politician 善于搞办公室政治的人
procrastinate
prə’kræstɪneɪt,prə’kræstəneɪt/
formal
to delay doing something that you ought to do, usually because you do not want to do it
耽搁，拖延
SYN put off 【正式】
THESAURUS delay
•People often procrastinate when it comes to paperwork. 遇到文书工作，人们常常会拖拖拉拉。
prolong
/prə’lɒŋ/
1.to deliberately make something such as a feeling or an activity last longer
延长，拉长，拖长〔感觉或活动〕
SYN lengthen
•I was trying to think of some way to prolong the conversation. 我在想方设法拖长这次谈话。
2.prolong the agony
informal to make an unpleasant or anxious time last longer, especially when people are waiting for news
延长痛苦〔尤指拖延告诉某人他很想知道的事情〕
•There’s no point in prolonging the agony any longer. 没有必要再拖着不说，让人等得这么着急。
proofreader
n. 校对者，校对员
recede
/rɪ’siːd/
1.if something you can see or hear recedes, it gets further and further away until it disappears〔景物、声音〕逐渐远去（直至消失）
[+ into]
•footsteps receding into the distance 渐渐远去的脚步声
2.if a memory, feeling, or possibility recedes, it gradually goes away
〔记忆〕逐渐模糊；〔感情〕逐渐淡漠；〔可能性〕逐渐消失
•The pain in his head gradually receded. 他的头痛逐渐缓解。
3.if water recedes, it moves back from an area that it was covering〔水〕消退，退去
•The flood waters finally began to recede in November. 11 月，洪水终于开始退去。
regulate
/’reɡjʊleɪt,’reɡjəleɪt/
1.to control an activity or process, especially by rules〔尤指通过规章〕控制，管理
•strict rules regulating the use of chemicals in food 限制化学品在食物中使用的严格规定
2.to make a machine or your body work at a particular speed, temperature etc调整，校准，调节
•People sweat to regulate their body heat. 人出汗以调节体温。
restraint
/rɪ’streɪnt/
1.[U] calm sensible controlled behaviour, especially in a situation when it is difficult to stay calm克制
SYN self-control
•The police were praised for their restraint in handling the demonstrators. 警方因对待示威者时所表现出的克制而受到赞扬。
show/exercise restraint
•He urged the millions of protesters to exercise restraint. 他呼吁数百万抗议者保持克制。
2.[C usually plural,一般用复数, U] a rule or principle that limits what people can do
管制措施，限制，控制
•The government has imposed restraints on corporate mergers. 政府对公司合并实行了限制。
[+ on]
•Opposition politicians have called for restraints on public spending. 反对党政治家呼吁控制公共开支。
3.[U] formal physical force that is used to hold someone back, especially because they are likely to be violent〔尤指对狂暴的人实行的〕约束，管制，管束
•Sometimes police officers have to use physical restraint to control dangerous prisoners. 有时警察不得不采取人身约束来控制危险的囚犯。
retain
/rɪ’teɪn/
formal 【正式】
1.to keep something or continue to have something保留，保有；继续拥有
•You have the right to retain possession of the goods. 你有权保留这些物品。
•The state wants to retain control of food imports. 政府想保留对食品进口的控制权。
2.to store or keep something inside something else保存，储存
•A lot of information can be retained in your computer. 电脑可以储存很多信息。
•Limestone is known to retain moisture. 人们知道石灰岩能储存水分。
3.to remember information记住
•I find it very difficult to retain facts. 我觉得具体事实很难记住。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say keep rather than retain .
在日常英语中，人们一般说keep，而不说retain
•Keep all your receipts. 请保留所有的收据。
retreat
/rɪ’triːt/
1.ARMY 军队
to move away from the enemy after being defeated in battle撤退
OPP advance
•The rebels retreated to the mountains. 叛乱分子撤退到山区。
•They were attacked and forced to retreat. 他们受到攻击，被迫撤退。
2.MOVE BACK 后退
written
to move away from someone or something 后退；离开；退避
•He saw her and retreated, too shy to speak to her. 他看到她就躲开了，不好意思跟她讲话。
[+ to/from/into etc]
•Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance. 佩里点燃导火线，退至安全距离。
•It was not a conscious choice to retreat from public life. 退出公众生活并非有意为之。
if an area of water, snow, or land retreats, it gradually gets smaller 〔水、雪或土地〕范围缩小
•The flood waters are slowly retreating. 洪水正在慢慢退去。
3.CHANGE YOUR MIND 改变主意
written to decide not to do something you were planning to do, because it was unpopular or too difficult
撤回〔计划〕
[+ from]
•The Canadian government has retreated from a plan to kill 300 wolves. 加拿大政府取消了要杀死300头狼的计划。
retreat 2 n.
1.OF AN ARMY 军队的
[C,U] a movement away from the enemy after a defeat in battle撤退
OPP advance
•Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow 拿破仑从莫斯科的撤退
•The rebel forces are in full retreat (= retreating very fast ) . 叛军全线溃退。
•The bugler sounded the retreat (= gave a loud signal for retreat ) . 司号兵吹响撤退号。
2.MOVEMENT BACK 后退
[singular,单数, U] a movement away from someone or something
后退；离开；退避
[+ from]
•Ten thousand years ago the ice began its retreat from Scotland. 一万年以前冰开始从苏格兰消退。
3.beat a retreat
informal to leave a place quickly
快速离开
•I saw my aunt coming and beat a hasty retreat . 我看到我姨妈来了，便赶快离开
ridicule
‘rɪdɪkjuːl,’rɪdəkjuːl/
unkind laughter or remarks that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid嘲笑，奚落
•the ridicule of his peers 他同龄人的奚落
•The government’s proposals were held up to ridicule (= suffered ridicule ) by opposition ministers. 政府的提案遭到反对党部长们的嘲笑。
•He had become an object of ridicule among the other teachers. 他成了其他教师嘲笑的对象。
ridicule 2 v. [T ]
to laugh at a person, idea etc and say that they are stupid嘲笑，奚落；讥笑
SYN mock
•At the time, his ideas were ridiculed. 当时他的观点被人讥笑。
prolong infinitly
无限延长
sandbar
N-COUNT A sandbar is a sandbank which is found especially at the mouth of a river or harbour. (河口或港湾的)沙洲
savagely
adv. 野蛮地；残忍地
scold
/skəʊld/
to angrily criticize someone, especially a child, about something they have done
责骂，斥责〔小孩〕
SYN tell off
•Do not scold the puppy, but simply and firmly say ‘no’. 不要责骂小狗，但要干脆利落地说“不”。
scold sb for (doing) sth
•Her father scolded her for upsetting her mother. 父亲斥责她惹母亲生气。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
scolding n [C,U]
•I got a scolding from my teacher. 我挨了老师一顿责骂。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say tell someone off rather than scold someone. 在日常英语中,人们一般说tell someone off,而不说scold someone
•She told us off for making a mess. 她骂我们搞得一塌糊涂。
