U10 Flashcards
absorb
/əbˈsɔːb, əbˈzɔːb/
1.liquid/gas 液体/气体
to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something
吸收〔液体、气体或其他物质〕
•Plants absorb nutrients from the soil. 植物从土壤中吸收养分。
absorb sth into sth
•Water and salts are absorbed into our blood stream. 水分和盐被吸收进我们的血液中。
2.information 信息
to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it理解，吸收
•Her capacity to absorb information is amazing. 她吸收信息的能力令人称奇。
3.interest 兴趣
to interest someone so much that they do not pay attention to other things
吸引〔某人〕，使全神贯注
•The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely. 机器的运转和声响把他完全吸引住了。
be absorbed in sth
•Judith lay on the settee, absorbed in her book. 朱迪思躺在沙发椅上专心致志地看书。
AD
/ˌeɪ ˈdiː/ (Anno Domini) used to show that a date is a particular number of years after the birth of Christ公元 RELTD BC SYN CE •the first century AD 公元1世纪 •54 AD 公元54年
bakery
ˈbeɪkəri/ pl: bakeries also 又作 baker’s a place where bread and cakes are baked, or a shop where they are sold 面包[糕饼]烘房；面包[糕饼]店
band
/bænd/
1.[also + plural verb,亦用复数动词] a group of musicians, especially a group that plays popular music
〔尤指演奏流行音乐的〕乐队，乐团
→ big band → brass band → marching band → one-man band
•The band was playing old Beatles songs. 乐队正在演奏披头士的老歌。
•I grew up playing in rock bands. 我是在摇滚乐队里玩音乐长大的。
•Smith joined the band in 1989. 史密斯在1989年加入这个乐队。
•They formed a band when they were still at school. 他们还在读书的时候就组建了一个乐队。
The entertainment includes a disco and live band . 娱乐活动有跳迪斯科和乐队现场演奏。
•interviews with band members 对乐队成员的采访
2.a group of people formed because of a common belief or purpose
一伙，一群，一帮〔志趣相投的人〕
[+ of]
•a small band of volunteers 一小批志愿者
•bands of soldiers 一群群士兵
3.a range of numbers within a system
〔数目的〕范围，段
•Interest rates stayed within a relatively narrow band. 利率在一个相对较小的范围内波动。
•people within the $20,000–$30,000 income band 收入在两万至三万美元这个范围的人
age/tax/income etc band
band 2 v. [T usually passive 一般用被动态]
to put people or things into different groups, usually according to income, value, or price
〔通常按收入、价值或价格〕给…分级
•After valuation, properties will be banded in groups of £20,000 or more. 经过估价，房产将归在两万英镑或以上的组别里。
PHRVB 短语动词
band togetherphr v
if people band together, they unite in order to achieve something团结起来，联手
•Local people have banded together to fight the company’s plans. 当地民众联手抵制该公司的计划。
bay
/beɪ/
1.sea 大海
a part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land湾，海湾
•a house with a view across the bay 能看到海湾全景的一幢房子
•Montego Bay 蒙特哥湾
2.keep/hold sth at bay
to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening or from coming too close阻止某事发生；使某物不能接近
•A thick wall keeps the noise at bay. 一道厚实的墙挡住了声音。
3.area 地区
an area within a large room or just outside a building that is used for a particular purpose
〔大房间里面或建筑物外面的〕专用空间
•a storage bay 储藏室
•loading bay 装货区
bay 2 v. [I ]
1.if a dog bays, it makes a long high noise, especially when it is chasing something
〔尤指猎犬〕狂吠，长嚎
SYN howl
•dogs baying at the moon 对着月亮狂吠的狗
2.to make strong demands to get answers to questions or force someone to give you something
强烈要求
[+ for]
•Reporters began baying for the president’s blood (= demanding that he be punished ) . 记者开始大声疾呼，要求给予总统惩罚。
bay 3 adj.
a bay horse is reddish brown in colour
〔马〕红棕色的，栗色的
beetle
ˈbiːtl/
an insect with a round hard back that is usually black甲（壳）虫
→ see picture at 见 insect
beetle 2 v. [I always + adv/prep ]
informal
to go somewhere quickly and leaning forward急匆匆地走
SYN scurry 【英，非正式】
•
He went beetling off down the corridor. 他从走廊急匆匆地走掉了。
board
/bɔːd/
1.information 消息
[C] a flat wide piece of wood, plastic etc that you can use to show information
布告牌，公告牌
→ billboard → blackboard → noticeboard → scoreboard
•I’ll check the departure board for train times. 我去查一下开车时刻表，看看火车的时间。
on a board
•The plan of the new building is displayed on a board at the back of the room. 新大楼的设计图贴在房间后面的公告板上。
•I’ve put a list of names up on the board. 我在布告板上贴出了名单。
2.for putting things on 供放东西用
[C] a flat piece of wood, plastic, card etc that you use for a particular purpose such as cutting things on, or for playing indoor games
〔用于切割、玩室内游戏等的〕平板
→ breadboard → cheeseboard → chopping board
•Martha was chopping vegetables on a wooden board. 玛莎正在用一块木砧板切蔬菜。
•a chess board 棋盘
3.group of people 一群人
[C also + plural verb,亦用复数动词] a group of people in a company or other organization who make the rules and important decisions
理事会，委员会，董事会
•a board meeting 董事会会议
•a board member 董事会成员
[+ of]
•The Board of Directors met yesterday. 董事会昨天开了会。
•There was disagreement among the agency’s board of governors. 这个机构的理事会成员之间意见有分歧。
sit on a board/have a seat on a board (=be a member of a board)是董事会的成员
•
He gave up his seat on the board after 40 years. 他干满40年后退出了董事会。
显示更多
→ above board → diving board → drawing board → ironing board → sounding board → at 见 sweep →sweep the board at 见 sweep11
board 2 v.
1.[I,T] formal to get on a bus, plane, train etc in order to travel somewhere
登上〔公共汽车、飞机、火车等〕
•The couple boarded the train for New York. 夫妻俩登上了开往纽约的列车。
•Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to board. 乘客们站在码头上等待上船。
2.be boarding
if a plane or ship is boarding, passengers are getting onto it正在登机；正在上船
•Olympic Airways Flight 172 to Istanbul is now boarding at Gate No. 37. 奥林匹克航空公司前往伊斯坦布尔的172次航班正在37号登机口登机。
3.[I always + adv/prep] to stay in a room in someone’s house that you pay for
〔在某人家里〕寄宿
•Several students boarded with Mrs. Smith. 有几名学生寄宿在史密斯夫人家里。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say get on a bus, plane etc rather than board
在日常英语中，人们一般说get on a bus, plane等，而不说board
•When she heard the news, she got on the next plane for Chicago. 她听到消息后立即就赶了下一班飞机去了芝加哥。
PHRVB 短语动词
board sth ←→ outphr v
1.to pay money and arrange for an animal to stay somewhere寄养〔动物〕
board sth ←→ upphr v
1.to cover a window or door, or all the windows and doors of a building, with wooden boards用木板封住〔门窗〕
•The shop was boarded up. 这家商店用木板封起来了。
branch
/brɑːntʃ/
1.of a tree 树
a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk (= main stem ) and that has leaves, fruit, or smaller branches growing from it树枝
RELTD limb
→ see picture at 见 tree
•After the storm, the ground was littered with twigs and branches. 暴风雨过后，满地都是大大小小的树枝。
•The topmost branches were full of birds. 树梢上停满了鸟儿。
2.of a business/shop/company etc 企业/商店/公司等
a local business, shop etc that is part of a larger business etc分支，分部；分店；分行
•The bank has branches all over the country. 这家银行在全国各地都有分行。
•a branch office in Boston 在波士顿的分公司
•She now works in our Denver branch. 现在她在我们的丹佛分部工作。
•Where’s their nearest branch? 他们最近的分店在哪里？
•They’re planning to open a branch in St. Louis next year. 他们计划明年在圣路易斯开一家分店。
•Have you met our branch manager , Mr. Carlson? 你有没有见过我们的分公司经理卡尔森先生？
3.of government 政府
a part of a government or other organization that deals with one particular part of its work
〔政府或机构的〕部门
RELTD department
•All branches of government are having to cut costs. 所有政府部门都必须削减开支。
the executive/judicial/legislative branch (=the three main parts of the US government)行政/司法/立法部门
branch 2 v. [I ]
to divide into two or more smaller, narrower, or less important parts分支；分岔
RELTD fork
•When you reach the village green, the street branches into two . 到了村中心的公共草地，这条街就分岔成两条路。
PHRVB 短语动词
branch offphr v
1.if a road, passage,railway etc branches off from another road etc, it separates from it and goes in a different direction
〔道路、铁路等〕分岔，分支
•a passage branching off from the main tunnel从主隧道岔开的通道
2.to leave a main road
离开主路[干线]，走入岔道
•We branched off from the main road and turned down a country lane.我们离开干道，转入一条乡村小路。
3.to start talking about something different from what you were talking about before
岔开〔话题〕
•Then the conversation branched off into a discussion about movies.接着谈话转入对电影的讨论。
branch outphr v
1.to start doing something different from the work or activities that you normally do
扩大〔工作、活动〕范围，开辟新的领域
•Don’t be afraid to branch out and try something new. 不要害怕另辟蹊径，尝试新的东西。
branch out into (doing) sth
•Profits were falling until the bookstore branched out into selling CDs.书店扩大经营范围出售光盘之前，利润一直在下降。
branch out
v. 长出枝条；扩展范围；偏离主题
clatter
/’klætə/
1.[I, T] if heavy hard objects clatter, or if you clatter them, they make a loud unpleasant noise（使）发出撞击声
•The tray slipped and clattered to the floor. 盘子滑落下来，啪啦一声掉在地上。
2.[I always + adv/prep] to move quickly and noisily急速而发出响声地移动
•children clattering up and down the stairs 在楼梯上啪嗒啪嗒地走上走下的孩子
DERIVATIVE 派生词
clatter n [singular, U]
•the clatter of dishes 盘碟相碰的当啷声
cloudburst
/’klaʊdbɜːst/
a sudden short rainstorm
骤雨，〔一阵的〕暴雨
cluster
/’klʌstə/
1.a group of things of the same kind that are very close together串，束，簇；群，组
THESAURUS group
•a diamond cluster ring 群镶钻戒
[+ of]
•a cluster of low farm buildings 一片低矮的农舍
•a cluster of red berries 一簇红莓
2.a group of people all in the same place
〔聚集在同一地方的〕一群人
[+ of]•
A cluster of children stood around the ice cream van. 一群小孩簇拥在冰激凌车周围。
3.technical a group of sectors on one or more computer disks
〔计算机磁盘上的〕丛集，群集，集群
cluster 2 v. [I,T always + adv/prep ]
if a group of people or things cluster somewhere, or are clustered somewhere, they form a small group in that place
聚集，集居
[+ around/together etc]
•Reporters clustered around the palace gates for news. 记者们聚集在皇宫门口等着抢新闻。
•Industries in Britain tend to be clustered together. 英国的各种制造业往往会集中到一个地方。
collapse
/kə’læps/
1.STRUCTURE 结构
[I] if a building, wall etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged倒坍；塌下
THESAURUS fall
•Uncle Ted’s chair collapsed under his weight. 椅子承受不了特德叔叔的重量，塌架了。
•The roof had collapsed long ago. 屋顶早就塌了。
2.ILLNESS/INJURY 病/伤
[I] to suddenly fall down or become unconscious because you are ill or weak
〔因病或虚弱〕突然倒下[昏倒]
•He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. 他跳舞时因心脏病突发晕倒了。
•Marion’s legs collapsed under her. 玛丽昂恩两腿一软倒了下去。
3.FAIL 失败
[I] if a system, idea, or organization collapses, it suddenly fails or becomes too weak to continue
〔系统、观点、组织〕突然失败，垮掉，崩溃，瓦解
•The luxury car market has collapsed. 豪华汽车市场瘫痪了。
•I thought that without me the whole project would collapse. 我想没有我的话，整个项目就会失败。
1.
BUSINESS/SYSTEM/IDEA ETC 业务/系统/想法等
[singular, U,单数] a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue
突然失败；突然瓦解
•the threat of economic collapse 经济瘫痪的威胁
•His business was in danger of collapse . 他的公司有倒闭的危险。
[+ of]
•
the collapse of the Soviet Union 苏联的突然解体
2.BUILDING/STRUCTURE/FURNITURE ETC 建筑物/结构/家具等
[U] when something suddenly falls down
突然倒塌
•the collapse of an apartment building during the earthquake 地震时一幢公寓楼的倒塌
•The ancient abbey was in imminent danger of collapse. 这座古老的修道院摇摇欲坠。
3.ILLNESS/INJURY 病/伤
[singular, U,单数] when someone suddenly falls down or becomes unconscious because of an illness or injury
〔因疾病或受伤而导致突然的〕昏倒，昏迷
•The President said he was fine after his collapse yesterday. 总统昨天突然昏倒，后来他说没事了。
•
She suffered a collapse under anaesthetic. 她麻醉后昏迷不醒。
column
/’kɒləm/
1.a tall solid upright stone post used to support a building or as a decoration
支柱，柱，圆柱
2.a line of numbers or words written under each other that goes down a page
〔数字或单词的〕列
RELTD row
in a column
•Add up the numbers in each column. 将每一列中的数字相加。
[+ of]
•a column of figures 一列数字
3.an article on a particular subject or by a particular writer that appears regularly in a newspaper or magazine
〔报纸或杂志的〕专栏（文章）
•He writes a weekly column for ‘The Times’. 他每周为《泰晤士报》写一篇专栏文章。
music/science/gardening etc column 音乐/科学/园艺等专栏
cram
/kræm/
pp: crammed pt: crammed pres part: cramming
1.[T always + adv/prep] to force something into a small space把…塞入〔小空间〕，硬塞
THESAURUS fill
→ see picture at 见 fill 1
cram sth into/onto etc sth
•Jill crammed her clothes into the bag. 吉尔把自己的衣服塞进袋子里。
•A lot of information has been crammed into this book. 这本书包含大量的信息。
2.[I always + adv/prep] if a lot of people cram into a place or vehicle, they go into it so it is then full
〔人〕挤进，挤满
[+ in/into]
•We all crammed in and Pete started the car. 我们都挤进去后皮特发动了汽车。
•36,000 spectators crammed into the stadium to see the game. 36,000名观众涌进体育场观看这场比赛。
3.[T] if a lot of people cram a place, they fill it〔人〕挤进，挤满
•Thousands of people crammed the mall Sunday. 星期天成千上万的人挤进了这家大型购物中心。
PHRVB 短语动词
cram sth ←→ inphr v
to do a lot of activities in a short period of time〔在短时间内〕做很多事
•We crammed in as much sightseeing as possible during our stay in New York. 我们在纽约的时候尽量安排了很多游览活动。
crater
/'kreɪtə/ 1.a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosion〔物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的〕坑 THESAURUS hole •craters on the moon’s surface 月球表面的坑 2.the round open top of a volcano火山口 → see picture at 见 volcano
crouch
/kraʊtʃ/
1.to lower your body close to the ground by bending your knees completely蹲下；蹲伏
RELTD squat
•He crouched in the shadows near the doorway. 他蹲在门道近旁的阴暗处。
•Paula crouched down and held her hands out to the fire. 葆拉蹲下来，把手伸向火堆。
2.to bend over something so that you are very near to it俯身接近
RELTD lean
[+ over]
•a young girl crouched over a book 俯身看书的女孩
DERIVATIVE 派生词
crouch n [C]
•She dropped to the ground in a crouch. 她俯身蹲了下来。
descend
/dɪ’send/
1.[I,T] formal to move from a higher level to a lower one下来，下降
RELTD descent
OPP ascend
•Our plane started to descend. 我们的飞机开始下降。
•I heard his footsteps descending the stairs. 我听到他下楼的脚步声。
[+ to/from/into etc]
•The path continues for some way before descending to Garsdale Head. 小径延伸了一段距离后，向下通往加斯代尔角。
2.[I] literary if darkness, silence, a feeling etc descends, it becomes dark etc or you start to feel something, especially suddenly
〔黑暗、寂静等突然〕降临；〔感情等突然〕袭来，来临
[+ on/upon/over]
•Total silence descended on the room. 房间里突然一片寂静。
•An air of gloom descended over the party headquarters. 一片阴郁的气氛笼罩着该党总部。
3.in descending order (of sth)
numbers, choices etc that are in descending order are arranged from the highest or most important to the lowest or least important
按（某事物的）降序排列〔按照从高到低或从重要到次要的顺序排列〕
•The hotels are listed in descending order of price. 这些宾馆按价格从高到低列出。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say go down or come down rather than descend .
在日常英语中,人们一般说 go down 或 come down ,而不说 descend
•They went down into the lobby. 他们下楼进了大厅。
•I heard his footsteps coming down the stairs. 我听到他下楼的脚步声。
PHRVB 短语动词
descend from sb/sthphr v
1.be descended from sb to be related to a person or group who lived a long time ago
为某人的后裔
•She claims to be descended from Abraham Lincoln. 她声称自己是亚伯拉罕·林肯的后代。
The people here are descended from the Vikings. 这里的人是维京人的后裔。
2.to have developed from something that existed in the past
从〔过去的东西〕发展而来[传下来]
•ideas that descend from those of ancient philosophers 传承自古代哲学家的观点
descend on/upon sb/sthphr v
1.if a large number of people descend on a person or a place, they come to visit or stay, especially when they are not very welcome
〔许多人〕突然造访〔尤指不太受欢迎的情况下〕
•Millions of tourists descend on the area every year. 每年有数百万游客来到这个地区。
descend to sthphr v
1.to behave or speak in an unpleasant way, which is not the way you usually behave
自降身份到…，下作到…
•Surely he wouldn’t descend to such a mean trick? 想必他不会无耻到使用这种卑劣的诡计吧？
descend to sb’s level
•Other people may gossip, but don’t descend to their level.降低到某人的层次,别人可能会说闲话，别跟他们学。
doom
/duːm/
[T usually passive,一般用被动态] to make someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc注定〔失败、死亡、毁灭等〕
•The plan was doomed from the start . 这个计划一开始就注定要失败。
be doomed to failure/defeat/extinction etc
•Many species are doomed to extinction. 许多物种注定要灭绝。
be doomed to do sth
•We are all doomed to die in the end. 我们最终都是注定要死的。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
doomed adj
•passengers on the doomed flight 在这趟劫数难逃的航班上的乘客
doom 2 n. [U ]
something very bad that is going to happen, or the fact that it is going to happen〔不可避免的〕厄运，劫数
•A sense of impending doom (= coming very soon ) gripped her. 她心头被一种大难临头的感觉所笼罩。
•Thousands of soldiers met their doom (= died ) on this very field. 数千名士兵就是在这个战场上丧生的。
sense/feeling of doom
spell doom for sth (=mean that something will be unable to continue or survive)某事物意味着毁灭
•The recession spelled doom for many small businesses. 这次经济衰退给许多小公司带来了厄运。
doom and gloom/gloom and doom (=when there seems to be no hope for the future)无望，悲观失望
•Despite these poor figures,it’s not all doom and gloom. 尽管这些数字很糟糕，但还不至于说一点希望也没有。
drift
/drɪft/
1.MOVE SLOWLY 缓慢移动
to move slowly on water or in the air漂流；飘移
•Smoke drifted up from the jungle ahead of us. 我们前方的丛林里有烟升起。
[+ out/towards etc]
•The rubber raft drifted out to sea. 橡皮筏子漂向大海。
2.WITHOUT PLAN 无计划的
to move, change, or do something without any plan or purpose
随意移动，漂泊；摇摆不定；漫无目的地行动
[+ around/along etc]
•Jenni spent the year drifting around Europe. 珍妮这一年来一直在欧洲各地漂泊。
[+ into]
•I just drifted into teaching, really. 我只是碰巧入了教书这一行，不骗你。
[+ away]
•The others drifted away. Melanie stayed. 其他人都散去了，唯有梅拉妮留了下来。
drift from sth to sth
•The conversation drifted from one topic to another. 话题从一个跳到另一个。
let your gaze/eyes/thoughts/mind etc drift
•Idly she let her eyes drift over his desk. 她的目光百无聊赖地在他的书桌上游移。
3.CHANGE 改变
to gradually change from being in one condition, situation etc into another without realizing it
不知不觉地转变，无意间变成〔另一种状况〕
•He drifted in and out of consciousness . 他的神志时而清醒，时而迷糊。
[+ into]
•She was just drifting into sleep when the alarm went off. 她迷迷糊糊刚睡着，突然响起了警报。
PHRVB 短语动词
drift apartphr v
1.if people drift apart, their relationship gradually end〔关系〕逐渐疏远
•Over the years my college friends and I have drifted apart. 久而久之，我和大学时期的朋友们逐渐疏远了。
drift offphr v
1.to gradually fall asleep
慢慢入睡
•I was just drifting off when the phone rang. 我迷迷糊糊地刚要入睡，电话铃响了。
•He felt himself drifting off to sleep . 他感觉自己迷迷糊糊地睡着了。
drift 2 n.
1.SNOW/SAND 雪/沙
[C] a large pile of snow or sand that has been blown by the wind
〔风吹积成的〕雪堆，沙堆
•a snow drift 雪堆
[+ of]
•The road is blocked with massive drifts of snow. 大堆大堆的积雪把路堵死了。
2.CHANGE 变化
[singular,单数] a slow change or development from one situation, opinion etc to another〔情形、意见等的〕渐变，趋势
[+ towards/to]
•a drift towards longer working hours 工作时间不知不觉的变长
3.MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE 人口流动
[singular, U,单数] a slow movement of large numbers of people that has not been planned〔大量人口缓慢、无计划的〕流动
[+ from/to/into]
•the drift from the countryside to the cities 大量人口从乡村往城市的流动
erupt
/ɪ’rʌpt/
1.if fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly〔搏斗、暴力事件、噪音等〕突然发生；爆发
SYN break out
•Violence erupted after police shot a student during the demonstration. 警察向示威人群中的一名学生开枪，暴乱随之发生。
•A political row erupted over the MP’s comments. 这名下院议员的评论引发了一场政治论战。
2.if a volcano erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire, and rock into the sky
〔火山〕爆发，喷发
THESAURUS explode
3.if a place or situation erupts, there is a sudden increase in activity or emotion
〔活动〕爆发；〔情绪〕迸发
[+ into]
•They were angry to the point of erupting into riot. 他们气得几乎要闹事了。
•Their conversations often erupted into squabbles. 他们谈话时经常会突然争吵起来。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
eruption n /ɪˋrʌpʃən ; ɪ’rʌpʃən / [C,U]
•a volcanic eruption 火山爆发
•the eruption of violence 发生暴力事件
explosion
/ɪk’spləʊʒən/
1.[C] a loud sound and the energy produced by something such as a bomb bursting into small pieces爆炸(声)
RELTD explode
•We heard a loud explosion. 我们听到一声巨大的爆炸声。
bomb/gas/nuclear explosion 炸弹/气体/核爆炸
•Several people were injured in a bomb explosion. 有数人在炸弹爆炸中受伤。
huge/massive etc explosion
•A massive explosion ripped through the building. 强烈的爆炸严重损毁了大楼。
2.[C,U] a process in which something such as a bomb is deliberately made to explode
引爆
•Police carried out a controlled explosion of the device. 警察对炸弹进行了控制引爆。
3.[C] a sudden or quick increase in the number or amount of something
激增，急剧膨胀
•the population explosion in India 印度人口的激增
[+ of]
•the recent explosion of interest in Latin music and dance 最近对拉丁音乐和舞蹈的兴趣陡增
harbor
/’hɑrbɚ/
vt. 庇护；怀有n. 海港；避难所
vi. 居住，生存；入港停泊；躲藏
hoof
/huːf/ pl: hoofs hooves 1.[C] the hard foot of an animal such as a horse, cow etc蹄 → see pictures at 见 horse1, moose 2.on the hoof if you do something on the hoof, you do it quickly while doing something else at the same time顺便，顺带着〔做某件事情〕 hoof 2 v. hoof it informal to run or walk quickly跑；快步走
huddle
/’hʌdl/
1.I,T] if a group of people huddle together, they stay very close to each other, especially because they are cold or frightened〔尤因寒冷或恐惧而〕（使）挤作一团，（使）聚成一堆
•We lay huddled together for warmth. 我们紧紧挤在一起取暖。
[+ around]
•People huddled around the radio, waiting for news. 人们聚集在收音机旁，等候消息。
2.[I always + adv/prep] to lie or sit with your arms and legs close to your body because you are cold or frightened
〔因寒冷或恐惧而〕蜷缩着身体
•She huddled under the blankets. 她盖着毯子缩成一团。
•The snow blew against his huddled body. 雪花飘落在他蜷缩的身体上。
3.[I] to sit or stand with a small group of people in order to discuss something privately〔一小群人〕聚集〔私下讨论某事〕
•The executive board huddled to discuss the issue. 管理层聚在一起讨论那个问题。
huddle 2 n. [C ]
1.a group of people or things that are close together, but not arranged in any particular order, pattern, or system
紧紧聚在一起的一群人；杂乱的一堆东西
[+ of]
•a huddle of straw huts 一片杂乱的茅草屋
•Huddles of men stood around talking. 男人们三五成群地站在那里说话。
2.a group of players in American football who gather around one player who tells them the plan for the next part of the game
〔美式橄榄球中〕聚拢听取战术指导的一群队员
3.get/go into a huddle
to form a small group away from other people in order to discuss something
私下商量，秘密商谈
hurl
/hɜːl/
1.[T always + adv/prep] to throw something with a lot of force, especially because you are angry猛投，用力投掷〔尤因生气〕
THESAURUS throw
•Demonstrators were hurling bricks through the windows. 示威者在向窗里掷砖块。
•He hurled a chair across the set, smashing lamps and vases. 他抓起一把椅子扔向片场的那头，把灯和花瓶都砸得粉碎。
2.hurl abuse/insults/accusations etc (at sb)
to shout at someone in a loud and angry way谩骂/辱骂/责骂（某人）
•He was accused of hurling abuse at the referee. 他被指责辱骂裁判员。
3.hurl yourself at/against etc sb/sth
to throw yourself at someone or something with a lot of force向某人/某物猛扑过去
•She wanted to hurl herself into his arms. 她想扑到他的怀里。
inn
n. 客栈；旅馆
vi. 住旅馆
intact
/ɪn’tækt/
not broken, damaged, or spoiled
完好无损的，未受损伤的
•Only the medieval tower had remained intact. 只有这座中世纪塔楼保存完好。
•His reputation survived intact. 他的声望丝毫未受影响。
jar
/dʒɑː/
1.a glass container with a wide top and a lid, used for storing food such as jam or honey, or the amount it contains〔玻璃〕罐子，广口瓶；一罐[一瓶]之量
→ see picture at 见 container
•a jam jar 果酱罐
•half a jar of peanut butter 半瓶花生酱
2.a container made of clay, stone etc, used especially in the past for keeping food or drink in〔尤指过去黏土或石头等制成的用来盛食物或饮料的〕罐，坛，缸
3.informal a glass of beer
一杯啤酒
•We’d had a few jars down the pub. 我们已经在小酒馆喝了几杯啤酒。
jar 2 v.
pp: jarred pt: jarred pres part: jarring
1.[I,T] to make someone feel annoyed or shocked(使)感到不快；(使)吃惊
•His enthusiasm jarred. 他的热情令人厌烦。
•His words jarred Harriet. 他的话让哈丽雅特很生气。
[+ on]
•The screaming was starting to jar on my nerves. 尖叫声让我心烦意乱起来。
2.[I,T] to shake or hit something in a way that damages it or makes it loose撞坏；震松
•Alice landed badly, jarring her ankle. 艾丽斯着地时姿势不当，伤了脚踝。
3.[I] to be different in style or appearance from something else and therefore look strange不和谐，不相配
SYN clash
[+ with]
•There was a modern lamp that jarred with the rest of the room. 房间里有一盏现代风格的灯，和其他东西不协调。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
jarring adj
wine jar
酒坛子.盛酒的缸.酒罐
a wine-jar 酒器
loaf
/ləʊf/
pl: loaves
1.[C] bread that is shaped and baked in one piece and can be cut into slices〔面包的〕一条
→ see picture at 见 bread
•a loaf of bread 一条面包
white/wholemeal/granary etc loaf 白面包/全麦面包/谷类面包等
a sliced loaf 切片面包
2.[C,U] food that has been cut into very small pieces, pressed together, and baked
〔切细、压实再焙烤的〕糕
•a meat loaf 肉糕
3.use your loaf
old-fashioned used to tell someone to think more carefully about what they are doing
机灵点，动动脑筋
loaf 2 v. [I ]
written
to spend time somewhere and not do very much虚度光阴；闲荡
SYN hang around/round 【书面】
[+ around/about]
•They spend all day loafing around on street corners. 他们整天在街角闲荡。
Mediterranean
/‚medɪtə’reɪniən◂,‚medətə’reɪniən◂/
the Mediterranean Sea 地中海
the area of southern Europe that surrounds the Mediterranean Sea 地中海地区
Mediterranean 2 adj.
relating to the Mediterranean Sea, or typical of the area of southern Europe around it
地中海的；地中海地区的；地中海地区特有的
•a Mediterranean country 地中海国家
•a plant normally only found in a Mediterranean climate 通常只在地中海气候下才有的一种植物
mighty
/'maɪti/ literary comp: mightier superl: mightiest very strong and powerful, or very big and impressive强有力的，强大的；巨大的，雄伟的 → at 见 high 1 •the mighty Mississippi river 浩荡的密西西比河 •a mighty army 强大的军队 mighty 2 adv. informal very非常，很 •You seem mighty sure of your facts. 你好像对自己掌握的事实非常肯定。 •They got out of there mighty fast, I can tell you. 我告诉你，他们很快就离开了那里。
monoxide
n. [无化] 一氧化物
carbon monoxide
nightmare
‘naɪtmeə/
1.a very frightening dream噩梦，梦魇
•a recurring nightmare 一再出现的噩梦
[+ about]
•Years after the accident I still have nightmares about it. 事故发生很多年后，我依然会做噩梦。
2.[usually singular,一般用单数] a very difficult, unpleasant, or frightening experience or situation
棘手的[不愉快的，可怕的]经历[事情]
•Traffic was a nightmare. 交通情况非常糟糕。
•It was every teacher’s worst nightmare (= the worst thing which could have happened ). 对每位老师来说，那都是一场最可怕的梦魇。
•a nightmare journey 糟糕的旅程
[+ for]
•This has been an absolute nightmare for me and my family. 这对我和我的家庭来说一直都是件非常可怕的事。
nightmare of (doing) sth
•the nightmare of going through divorce 经历离婚过程的痛苦
3.something terrible that you fear may happen in the future
可能发生的恐怖事件
[+ of]
•the nightmare of a nuclear war 核战争的梦魇
nightmare scenario (=the worst or most frightening situation that you can imagine)最坏[恐怖]的设想
DERIVATIVE 派生词
nightmarish adj
overwhelm
/‚əʊvə’welm/
1.EMOTION 感情
if someone is overwhelmed by an emotion, they feel it so strongly that they cannot think clearly〔感情上〕使〔某人〕感到不能自持，使不知所措
•Grief overwhelmed me. 我悲痛不已。
be overwhelmed by sth
•Harriet was overwhelmed by a feeling of homesickness. 哈丽雅特心中充满思乡之情，不能自已。
be overwhelmed with sth
•The children were overwhelmed with excitement. 孩子们激动万分。
2.TOO MUCH 太多
if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with
〔问题等〕使无法解决，使应接不暇，压垮
be overwhelmed by sth
•We were overwhelmed by the number of applications. 申请多得让我们应接不暇。
overwhelm sb with sth
•They would be overwhelmed with paperwork. 大量的文书工作将使他们疲于应付。
3.SURPRISE SB 使某人惊讶
to surprise someone very much, so that they do not know how to react
使〔某人〕非常惊讶
be overwhelmed by sth
•I was completely overwhelmed by his generosity. 他的慷慨使我惊讶万分。
•We were overwhelmed by the sheer size of the place. 那地方超大的面积让我们非常惊讶。
perish
/’perɪʃ/
1.[I] formal or literary to die, especially in a terrible or sudden way
死亡〔尤指惨死或猝死〕
THESAURUS die
•Hundreds perished when the ship went down. 轮船沉没，数百人罹难。
2.[I,T] if rubber or leather perishes, it decays
（使）〔橡胶或皮革〕腐坏，老化
3.perish the thought!
spoken,old-fashioned used to say that you hope what someone has suggested will never happen但愿…不会成真
•If we lose, perish the thought, Watford will take first place. 如果我们输了，但愿这不会成为事实，沃特福德就会拿第一了。
poisonous
/’pɔɪz ə nəs/
containing poison or producing poison
有毒的；引起中毒的
•Some mushrooms are extremely poisonous. 一些蘑菇有剧毒。
•poisonous gases such as hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢等有毒气体
•poisonous substances 有毒物质
•She was bitten on the ankle by a poisonous snake . 她被毒蛇咬了脚踝。
[+ to]
•The berries are poisonous to birds. 这些浆果鸟儿吃了会中毒。
2.full of bad and unfriendly feelings
充满敌意的，令人很不愉快的
•the poisonous atmosphere of the office 办公室里的敌对气氛
3.someone who is poisonous seems to get pleasure from causing arguments, unhappiness etc
〔人〕以挑拨是非为乐的；恶毒的
•That poisonous bastard Lucett told Morris I was seeing his wife. 那个搬弄是非的混蛋卢塞特告诉莫里斯我在和他的妻子约会。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
poisonously adv
priest
/priːst/
1.someone who is specially trained to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian church
〔基督教的〕牧师，神父
2.a man with religious duties and responsibilities in some non-Christian religions
〔基督教之外一些宗教的〕教士，祭司，神职人员
prosperous
/'prɒsp ə rəs/ formal rich and successful 富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的 THESAURUS rich •a prosperous landowner 富裕的土地拥有者 REGISTER 语体 In everyday English, people usually say rich or well-off rather than prosperous . 在日常英语中,人们一般说 rich 或 well-off ,而不说 prosperous •well-off neighborhoods such as Lakeview 像湖景区这样的富人住宅区
pumice
/’pʌmɪs,’pʌməs/
also 又作 ‘pumice stone
1.[U] very light grey rock from a volcano that is crushed to a powder and used for cleaning浮岩，浮石〔一种火山岩〕
2.[C] a piece of pumice stone that you rub on your skin to clean it or make it soft
〔一块〕浮石〔用于清洁皮肤或磨擦皮肤使其柔滑〕
quick-witted
able to think and understand things quickly
聪明的；机敏的；机智的
OPP slow-witted
•Toby was quick-witted and entertaining. 托比机智风趣。
•a quick-witted reply 机敏的回答
reverberate
/rɪ’vɜːbəreɪt/
1.if a loud sound reverberates, it is heard many times as it is sent back from different surfaces〔声音〕回荡，回响
SYN echo
[+ through/around etc]
•The bang reverberated through the house. 砰的一声响彻整栋房子。
2.if a room, building etc reverberates, it seems to shake because of a loud sound
〔房间、建筑物等因巨响而〕震荡
[+ with]
•The room reverberated with laughter. 房间里笑声回荡。
3.if an event, action, or idea reverberates, it has a strong effect over a wide area and for a long time〔事件、活动或思想〕产生广泛而长久的影响
[+ through/around etc]
•The events of 9/11 will reverberate through history. “九一一”事件将在历史过程中产生持续影响。
sack
/sæk/
1.→ see picture at 见 bag 1
a large bag made of strong rough cloth or strong paper, used for storing or carrying flour, coal, vegetables etc 〔装面粉、煤、蔬菜等用的〕麻袋，粗布袋，厚纸袋，大口袋
[+ of]
•a sack of potatoes 一大袋马铃薯
the amount that a sack can contain 一（大）袋之量
[+ of]
•We need about a sack of rice. 我们需要大约一袋米。
2.the sack
informal when someone is dismissed from their job解雇，开除
•They’ve never actually given anyone the sack . 他们从未真的辞退过什么人。
•He got the sack for stealing. 他因偷东西而被解雇。
•She claimed she’d been threatened with the sack. 她称自己受到过解雇的威胁。
3.hit the sack
old-fashioned,informal to go to bed
上床睡觉
•It’s one o’clock – time to hit the sack. 1点钟了——该睡觉了。
sack 2 v. [T ]
1.informal to dismiss someone from their job
解雇SYN fire BrE 【英，非正式】
•They couldn’t sack me – I’d done nothing wrong. 他们不能解雇我——我没做错什么事。
sack sb from sth
•He was sacked from every other job he had. 其他工作他做一次被解雇一次。
sack sb for (doing) sth
•He was sacked for being drunk. 他因为醉酒遭到解雇。
2.to knock down the quarterback in American football〔在美式橄榄球中〕擒抱〔四分卫〕
3.if soldiers sack a place, they go through it destroying or stealing things and attacking people〔军队〕劫掠，洗劫，破坏
•The Goths sacked Rome. 哥特人洗劫了罗马城。
PHRVB 短语动词
sack outphr vAmE
to go to sleep睡觉
•He sacked out on the sofa. 他在沙发上睡着了。
REGISTER 语体
In written and formal British English, people often prefer to use dismiss rather than sack . 在书面和正式英国英语中,人们更常说dismiss,而不说sack
•People can be dismissed for misusing the Internet at work. 上班时滥用因特网可能会被解雇。
savage
/’sævɪdʒ/
1.VIOLENT 残暴的
very violent or cruel
凶猛的，残暴的
SYN vicious
THESAURUS violent
•a savage dog 一条凶猛的狗
•a savage murder 凶残的谋杀
2.CRITICIZING 批评
criticizing someone or something very severely猛烈的，恶狠狠的
OPP mild
•a savage attack on the government 对政府的猛烈抨击
3.SEVERE 严重的
very severe极严重的，大幅度的•
The government has announced savage cuts in spending. 政府宣布大幅度削减开支。
•a savage storm 狂风暴雨
savagely adv
•He was savagely attacked and beaten. 他遭到了野蛮的袭击和殴打。
savageness n [U]
savage 2 n. [C ]
not polite
a very offensive word for someone who has a simple, traditional way of life
未开化的人，野蛮人
savage 3 v. [T ]
1.if an animal such as a dog savages someone, it attacks them and injures them badly〔动物〕乱咬，凶猛地攻击
SYN maul
2.to criticize someone or something very severely激烈地批评
SYN attack
•The Prime Minister was savaged by the press for failing to take action quickly enough. 首相因未能迅速采取行动而受到新闻界的猛烈抨击。
shatter
/’ʃætə/
1.[I,T] to break suddenly into very small pieces, or to make something break in this way
（使）粉碎，（使）破碎
THESAURUS break
→ see picture at 见 break 1
•The explosion shattered the building. 这次爆炸把大楼炸成一片废墟。
[+ into]
•The plate hit the floor, and shattered into tiny bits. 盘子掉到地板上，摔得粉碎。
2.[T] to completely destroy or ruin something such as someone’s hopes, beliefs or life
毁坏〔生活〕，使〔希望、信念〕破灭
•
A tragic accident shattered her dreams of Olympic glory. 一场不幸的意外事故使她获得奥运奖牌的梦想破灭了。
•
A few weeks in a tiny damp room soon shattered his illusions about university life. 在狭小潮湿的房间里生活了几个星期后，他对大学生活的幻想很快就破灭了。
•
people whose lives have been shattered by war 生活被战争所毁的人们 <b>3 shatter the silence/peace</b> if a loud noise shatters the silence or peace, it is suddenly heard 打破寂静/宁静: The silence was shattered by a warning shout. 一声警示的呼喊打破了寂静。
shepherd
/’ʃepəd/
someone whose job is to take care of sheep牧羊人，羊倌
shepherd 2 v. [T always + adv/prep ]
to lead or guide a group of people somewhere, making sure that they go where you want them to go
带领〔一群人〕，引导〔人群〕
THESAURUS lead
shepherd sb into/out/towards etc sth
•
The tour guides shepherded the rest of the group onto the bus. 导游把团中的其他人带上了巴士。
shimmer
/’ʃɪmə/
[I] to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly发微光，闪闪发亮
•The lake shimmered in the moonlight. 月色下，湖面波光粼粼。
shroud
/ʃraʊd/
1.a cloth that is wrapped around a dead person’s body before it is buried
寿衣，裹尸布
2.literary something that hides or covers something遮蔽物，覆盖物
•The fog rolled in, and a grey shroud covered the city. 大雾滚滚而来，一张灰色的天幕笼罩着这个城市。
[+ of]
•A shroud of silence surrounded the general’s death. 将军的去世让周围一片死寂。
shroud 2 v. [T usually in passive 一般用被动态]
literary 【文】
1.to cover or hide something
覆盖；遮蔽；隐藏
•Joseph was shrouded under a dark blanket. 约瑟夫身上裹着一条深色的毯子。
be shrouded in sth
•The cliff was shrouded in mist. 峭壁被薄雾笼罩。
2.to keep information secret so that people do not know what really happened
隐瞒，将…保密
be shrouded in sth
•The incident has always been shrouded in mystery . 这一事件始终蒙着神秘的色彩。
•The work is shrouded in secrecy . 这项工作被严格保密。
slate
/sleɪt/
1.ROCK 岩石
[U] a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板岩，板石
2.ON A ROOF 房顶上
[C] a small piece of slate or similar material that is used for covering roofs
石板瓦
SYN tile especially BrE 【尤英】
→ see picture at 见 roof 1
•There were several slates missing from the roof. 房顶有几块石板瓦掉了。
3.slate blue/grey
a dark blue or grey colour
暗蓝色/深灰色
→ at 见 clean →a clean slate at 见 clean9
slate 2 v. [T usually passive 一般用被动态]
1.informal to criticize a book, film etc severely, especially in a newspaper
〔尤指在报纸上〕严厉批评〔书、电影等〕
SYN slam BrE 【英，非正式】
•Doherty’s most recent novel has been slated by the critics. 多尔蒂最新出版的小说受到了评论家的严厉批评。
2.be slated to do sth/be slated for sth
if something is slated to happen, it is planned to happen in the future, especially at a particular time
预定[计划]做某事
•He is slated to appear at the Cambridge Jazz Festival next year. 他将出席明年的剑桥爵士音乐节。
•Every house on this block is slated for demolition. 这个街区的每幢房子都要拆除。
stain
/steɪn/
1.[I,T] to accidentally make a mark on something, especially one that cannot be removed, or to be marked in this way
〔意外地〕（被）染污，（被）弄污
•Be careful you don’t stain the carpet. 当心别把地毯弄脏了。
•This tablecloth stains very easily. 这块桌布很容易脏。
•Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking. 她的手指因长年吸烟被熏黄了。
[+ with]
•a cowboy hat stained with dust and sweat 沾满尘土和汗渍的牛仔帽
2.[T] to change the colour of something, especially something made of wood, by using a special liquid
给〔某物，尤指木制品〕染色[着色]
RELTD dye
•We’ve decided to stain the shelves blue. 我们决定把架子涂成蓝色。
3.stain sb’s name/honour/reputation etc
literary to damage the good opinion that people have about someone
玷污某人的名声/名誉等
stain 2 n.
1.[C] a mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid such as blood, coffee, or ink
〔尤指液体形成的〕污迹，污点
THESAURUS mark
[+ on]
•There was a dark red stain on the carpet. 地毯上有一处深红色的污迹。
remove/get rid of a stain
•White vinegar is great for removing stains. 白醋去污效果很好。
wine/coffee/blood etc stain
•How do you get wine stains out of a tablecloth? 如何去除桌布上的葡萄酒渍？
stubborn stains (=ones that are very difficult to remove)顽固污渍
2.[C,U] a special liquid that you use to change the colour of something, especially wood
〔尤指木料的〕着色剂，染色剂
RELTD dye
3.stain on sb’s character/name/reputation etc
something that damages the good opinion that people have about someone
某人性格/名声/名誉等方面的污点
stumble
/’stʌmb ə l/
1.to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall
绊脚，绊跌，绊了一下
SYN trip
THESAURUS fall
•In her hurry, she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor. 匆忙中她绊了一下，把牛奶洒得满地都是。
[+ over/on]
•Vic stumbled over the step as he came in. 维克进来时在台阶上绊了一下。
2.to walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall蹒跚而行，踉跄
SYN stagger
[+ in/out/across etc]•
He stumbled upstairs and into bed. 他踉踉跄跄地走上楼，一头倒在床上。
3.to stop or make a mistake when you are reading to people or speaking
〔朗读或说话时〕结巴，说错
[+ over/at/through]
•I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words. 希望我说那些长单词不会结结巴巴。
PHRVB 短语动词
stumble on/across/upon sthphr v
to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly
偶然发现[碰见]
•Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson’s disease. 研究人员偶然发现了一种或可治疗帕金森病的药物。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
stumble n [C]
summit
/’sʌmɪt,’sʌmət/
1.an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments首脑会议，最高级会议，峰会
•the European summit 欧洲首脑会议
•The two presidents agreed to hold a summit in the spring. 两位总统商定在春天举行一次首脑会议。
•a five-nation summit meeting 五国峰会
2.the top of a mountain山顶
RELTD peak
[+ of]
•Many people have now reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma. 现在已有很多人成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。
3.the summit of sth
formal the greatest amount or highest level of something某事物的顶峰，某事物的极点
SYN peak 【正式】
•His election as President represented the summit of his career. 他当选总统意味着他到达了事业的顶峰。
thicken
/'θɪkən/ to become thick, or make something thick （使）变厚；（使）变浓；（使）密集 OPP thin → at 见 plot 1 •The fog was beginning to thicken. 雾气渐浓。 •Thicken the soup by adding potatoes. 加些马铃薯让汤变稠。 thicken sth with sth •a stew thickened with lentils and vegetables 加入小扁豆和蔬菜而变浓的炖菜
throng
/θrɒŋ/ written a large group of people in one place 一大群人；人群 SYN crowd 【书面】 •She got lost in the throng. 她在人群中迷路了。 [+ of] •a throng of excited spectators 一大群兴奋的观众 throng 2 v. 1.[I always + adv/prep, T] if people throng a place, they go there in large numbers 〔人群〕蜂拥而至，群集，挤满〔某地〕 •Tourists thronged the bars and restaurants. 游客挤满了酒吧和餐馆。 2.be thronged with sb/sth if a place is thronged with people or things, there are a lot of them there 〔某地〕被某人/某物挤满 •The streets were thronged with Christmas shoppers. 街道上挤满了圣诞购物者。
topple
/’tɒp ə l/
1.[I,T] to become unsteady and then fall over, or to make something do this
（使）不稳而倒下，（使）倒塌
[+ over]
•A stack of plates swayed, and began to topple over. 一大摞盘子摇摇晃晃，接着就倒了下来。
2.[T] to take power away from a leader or government, especially by force
〔尤指通过暴力〕使倒台，颠覆，推翻
SYN overthrow
•This scandal could topple the government. 这一丑闻可能使政府倒台。
