U15 Flashcards
affection
/əˈfekʃ ə n/
1.a feeling of liking or love and caring
喜爱，钟爱；慈爱
SYN fondness
•She looked back on those days with affection . 她深情地回顾那些日子。
•Their father never showed them much affection . 他们的父亲对他们从来没有表现出多少慈爱。
•The church was held in great affection (= loved and cared about a lot ) by the local residents. 教会深受当地民众爱戴。
[+ for]
•Bart had a deep affection for the old man. 巴特对这位老人有很深的感情。
2.sb’s affections
the feelings of love and caring that someone has某人的钟爱
•Africa has always had a special place in my affections. 非洲在我心中始终占据着特殊的位置。
alliance
/əˈlaɪəns/
1.an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something联盟，结盟
[+ with]
•Britain’s military alliance with her NATO partners 英国与其北约伙伴的军事联盟
[+ between]
•the possibility of a political alliance between the two parties 两党政治联盟的可能性
make/enter into/form/forge an alliance (=agree to work together)结成联盟
•The companies have formed an alliance to market the product. 各家公司联手将该产品推向市场。
2.a group of two or more countries, groups etc who work together to achieve something结盟团体，同盟
•independent organizations and alliances 独立组织和联盟
3.in alliance (with sb/sth)
if two groups, countries etc are in alliance, they work together to achieve something or protect each another
（与某人/某物）联盟[联手]
•Relief workers in alliance with local charities are trying to help the victims. 救济人员与当地慈善机构联合起来，设法帮助灾民。
→ at 见 unholy →unholy alliance at 见 unholy1
apathy
/ˈæpəθi/
the feeling of not being interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things
漠然，冷淡
•The campaign failed because of public apathy. 由于公众反应冷淡，这次运动失败了。
arc
/ɑːk/ 1.a curved shape or line弧（状） •the arc of a rainbow 彩虹的弧状 2.part of a curved line or a circle弧线；弧形 •The Sun moves across the sky in an arc. 太阳在天空中以弧线方式运行。 3.a flash of light formed by the flow of electricity between two points 弧光，电弧 DERIVATIVE 派生词 arc v [I]
assemble
/əˈsemb ə l/
1.[I,T] if you assemble a large number of people or things, or if they assemble, they are gathered together in one place, often for a particular purpose集合，聚集
THESAURUS collect meet
•A large crowd had assembled outside the American embassy. 一大群人聚集在美国大使馆外。
•He looked around at the assembled company (= all the people who had come there ) . 他环顾四周聚集的人群。
•She had assembled a collection of her favourite songs. 她收集了一些自己最喜欢听的歌。
2.[T] to put all the parts of something together组装，装配
•The aircraft will continue to be assembled in France. 飞机将继续在法国组装。
ballot
/ˈbælət/
1.[C,U] a system of voting, usually in secret, or an occasion when you vote in this way
无记名投票
THESAURUS election
•The party leader is elected by secret ballot . 政党领袖是通过无记名投票选举产生的。
•Workers at the plant held a ballot and rejected strike action. 工厂工人举行投票，否决了罢工行动。
2.[C] a piece of paper on which you make a secret vote〔无记名〕投票用纸，选票
SYN ballot paper
•Only 22% of voters cast their ballots . 只有22%的选民投了票。
3.the ballot
the total number of votes in an election
投票总数
SYN the vote
•He won 54% of the ballot. 他赢得了54%的选票。
ballot 2 v. [I,T ]
1.to ask someone to vote for something
要求（某人）投票
[+ on/over]
•Train drivers are being balloted on industrial action. 火车司机被要求就劳工行动一事进行投票表决。
2.to vote for something投票
THESAURUS vote
[+ for]
•Staff balloted for strike action yesterday. 昨天员工投票赞成罢工行动。
cast one’s ballot
投票
banner
/ˈbænə/
1.a long piece of cloth on which something is written, often carried between two poles
〔通常用两根竿子撑开的〕横幅，横幅标语
•The onlookers were shouting, cheering, and waving banners. 观众挥动着横幅，又是叫喊又是欢呼。
2.a belief or principle
旗帜，口号〔指信仰或原则〕
carry/raise/wave etc the banner of sth (=publicly support a particular belief etc)打着/举起/挥舞等某事物的旗帜
•She’d never felt the need to carry the banner of feminism. 她从来都不觉得有必要打出女权主义的旗号。
under the banner of sth
•They marched under the banner of equal educational opportunity. 他们打着平等教育的旗号游行示威。
3.under the banner of sth
as part of a particular group or organization
在…的旗下，在…的麾下
•The oil-producing countries joined together under the banner of OPEC. 产油国都加入了石油输出国组织。
beacon
/ˈbiːkən/
1.a light that is put somewhere to warn or guide people, ships, vehicles, or aircraft
灯标，灯塔
2.a radio or radar signal used by aircraft or boats to help them find their position and direction无线电[雷达]信标
3.especially literary a person, idea etc that guides or encourages you
引路人，指路明灯
[+ of]
•The education program offers a beacon of hope to these children. 这项教育计划为这些儿童燃起了希望之光。
bill
/bɪl/
1.request for payment 付款要求
a written list showing how much you have to pay for services you have received, work that has been done etc账单
•Have you paid the phone bill? 电话费你付了吗？
[+ for]
•The bill for the repairs came to $650. 修理费用总计650美元。
2.restaurant 餐馆
a list showing how much you have to pay for food you have eaten in a restaurant
〔餐费的〕账单
SYN check especially BrE,AmE 【尤英】,【美】
•Could we have the bill, please? 请给我们结账好吗？
3.law 法律
a written proposal for a new law, that is brought to a parliament so that it can be discussed议案，法案
•The senator introduced a bill that would increase the minimum wage. 那位参议员提交了一个拟提高最低工资的法案。
approve/pass/veto a bill
•The House of Representatives passed a new gun-control bill. 众议院通过了一个新的枪支管制法案。
THESAURUS 词语辨析
1.bill 账单
a piece of paper that tells you how much you must pay
•Many families are struggling to pay their bills. 许多家庭只能勉强付清账单。
•We got a huge phone bill. 我们收到一份巨额的电话账单。
2.check 〔餐费的〕账单
a bill that tells you how much you must pay in a restaurant
•Can I have the check, please? 请给我结账好吗？
3.invoice 发票，发货清单
a document that lists the goods that a company has sent, or the services they have provided, and tells you how much you must pay. It is often sent from one company to another company
•Payment is due ten days after receipt of the invoice. 付款期限是收到发票后十天。
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.verbs 动词
pay a bill 付账单
•Most people pay their bills on time. 大多数人都按时付账单。
settle a bill(=pay it) 结账，付账
•She went down to the lobby to settle the bill for their rooms. 她下楼去大堂结算房费。
foot the bill/pick up the bill(=pay for something, especially when you do not want to) 〔尤指不情愿地〕承担费用，支付
•Taxpayers will probably have to foot the bill. 纳税人可能不得不承担此项支出。
run up a bill(=use a lot of something so that you have a big bill to pay) 积欠一大笔账
•It’s easy to run up a big bill on your mobile phone. 用手机很容易欠下一大笔账单。
a bill comes to sth(=is for that amount) 账单数额为某数目
•The bill came to $60. 账单金额为60美元。
2.adjectives/noun 形容词/名词 + bill
a big/huge bill 巨额账单
•Turn off the lights or we’ll get a huge electricity bill. 把灯关掉，不然我们的电费账单要吓死人了。
an electricity/gas/phone etc bill 电费/煤气/电话等账单
a hotel bill 酒店账单
a tax bill 税单
an unpaid bill 未付的账单
an outstanding bill(=still unpaid) 未付的账单
bill 2 v.
1.[T] to send someone a bill给…开[送]账单
•Clients will be billed monthly. 客户会按月收到账单。
bill sb for sth
•I was billed for equipment that I didn’t order. 我没有订购过器材，却收到了账单。
2.be billed to do sth
if someone is billed to appear, perform etc somewhere, it has been planned and advertised that they will do this
被宣传将会做某事
•Johnson was billed to speak at two conferences. 海报上宣传约翰逊将会在两个会议上发言。
3.bill and coo
old-fashioned to kiss and talk softly
卿卿我我
PHRVB 短语动词
bill sth as sthphr v
to advertise or describe something in a particular way
把…宣传为…
•The castle bills itself as the oldest in England. 这个城堡号称是英格兰最古老的城堡。
block
/blɒk/
1.solid material 固体物质
a piece of hard material such as wood or stone with straight sides
一块〔指木头、石头等有直边的坚硬物体〕
THESAURUS piece
→ breeze-block → building block → cinder block → see picture at 见 piece 1
•a wall made of concrete blocks 由混凝土块砌成的墙
[+ of]
•a block of ice 一块冰
2.streets/area 街道/区域
the distance along a city street from where one street crosses it to the next 街段，一段街区〔两条平行街道之间的一段〕
•Head for 44th Street, a few blocks east of Sixth Avenue. 往44号街走，从第六大街往东走几个街区就是。
•The church is down the block. 教堂就在这个街区那头。
the four city streets that form a square around an area of buildings 街区〔四条街道之内的区域〕
•Let’s walk round the block. 我们绕着街区走走吧。
•She grew up playing with the other kids on the block. 她是和街区里其他孩子一起玩大的。
a large piece of land 一大块土地
•a ten-acre block near the city 离城市不远的一块十英亩土地
3.large building 大楼
a large building divided into separate parts
栋，座，幢
•an office block 一栋办公大楼
•an apartment block 一栋公寓楼
•the school science block 学校的理科大楼
[+ of]
•a block of flats 一栋住宅楼
block 2 v. [T ] S3
1.to prevent anything moving through a space by being or placing something across it or in it阻挡，堵塞
•A fallen tree is blocking the road. 一棵倒下的树把路阻断了。
•The sink’s blocked up. 水槽堵住了。
2.block sb’s way/path/exit/escape etc
to stand in front of someone, so that they cannot go past
挡住某人的去路/路/出口/逃跑的路等
•I tried to get through, but there were people blocking my way. 我想过去，但是有人挡着路。
3.to stop something happening, developing, or succeeding
阻止，妨碍，阻挠
•The Senate blocked publication of the report. 参议院阻止这个报告发表。
•laws designed to block imports of cheap tobacco 旨在阻挠廉价烟草进口的法规
PHRVB 短语动词
block sb/sth ←→ inphr v
1.to park your car too close to another car, so that the other one cannot drive away
〔因为靠得太近而〕堵住〔别人的汽车〕
2.to paint or draw simple shapes or areas of colour画…的草图
•I’ll just block in the main buildings. 我就勾画一下主要的建筑物。
block sth←→ offphr v
1.to completely close something such as a road or an opening
封闭，封锁〔道路、入口等〕
•Police blocked off the city centre streets. 警方封锁了市中心的街道。
•The fireplace had been blocked off. 壁炉已经封起来了。
block sth←→ outphr v
1.to stop light reaching a place
挡住，遮住〔光线〕
•There was a heavy curtain blocking out the light. 一幅厚厚的窗帘挡住了光线。
2.to stop yourself thinking about something or remembering it不去想，抹去
•a memory so terrible that she tried to block it out 她努力想抹去的可怕记忆
block by block
一个人街区一个街区地
call
/kɔːl/
1.TELEPHONE 电话
[I,T] to telephone someone
（给…）打电话
THESAURUS phone
•She calls her father every couple of days. 她隔几天就给她爸爸打个电话。
•I’ll call you soon. 我马上打电话给你。
•What time did Tony call? 托尼是什么时候来电话的？
Do not say 不要说 ‘call to someone’. Say 而要说 call someone.
call a doctor/the police/a cab etc (=telephone someone and ask them to come to you)打电话叫医生/警察/出租车等
•I think we should call a doctor. 我觉得我们应该打电话叫医生来。
•I’m gonna call the cops! 我要打电话叫警察了！
2.DESCRIBE 描述
[T] to use a word or name to describe someone or something in a particular way
认为…是，把…叫作
•You may call it harmless fun, but I call it pornography. 你可能会说这是无恶意的小玩笑，但是我却认为这是色情。
call sb sth
•Are you calling me a liar? 你在说我撒谎吗？
call sb names (=use insulting names for someone)辱骂某人
•The other kids used to call me names, but I tried to ignore them. 别的小孩过去常常辱骂我，但我尽量不去理睬他们。
3.HAVE A NAME 名叫
[T] to have a particular name or title, or use a particular name or title for someone or something名叫，叫作；把…唤作
be called sth
•Our son is called Matthew. 我们的儿子叫马修。
•The arrow that appears on the screen is called a cursor. 屏幕上出现的箭头叫光标。
call sb sth
•My name’s Virginia, but my friends call me Ginny. 我的名字叫弗吉尼娅，但朋友们都叫我金尼。
•Do you want to be called Miss or Ms? 你愿意被称为小姐还是女士？
call sb by sth
•I prefer to be called by my middle name. 我更喜欢别人叫我的中间名。
→ so-called → at 见 bluff →call sb’s bluff at 见 bluff2 → at 见 close →too close to call at 见 close8
PHRVB 短语动词
call back phr v
1.call (sb) back to telephone someone again, for example because they were not at home when you telephoned last time
再打电话（给某人）；回（某人）电话
•I’ll call back later. 我稍后再打电话来。
•Can you ask John to call me back when he gets in? 约翰到家后让他给我回电话好吗？
2.to return to a place you went to earlier
回来，再来〔早些时候去过的某处〕
•You could call back to collect her at noon. 你可以中午再来接她。
call byphr v
1.to stop and visit someone when you are near the place where they live or work
顺路拜访
•I thought I’d call by and see how you were. 我想顺便来看看你。
call down sthphr v
1.to ask for someone, especially a god, to make something unpleasant happen to someone or something
〔尤向神〕祈求降祸于…
•He called down vengeance on them.他祈求上天给他们报应。
call 2 n. S1 W1
1.TELEPHONE 电话
[C] when you speak to someone on the telephone（一次）通话；电话
•It’s cheaper to make calls after 6 pm. 下午6点以后打电话便宜些。
•I’ll give you a call at the weekend. 我到周末给你打电话。
[+ for]
•Were there any phone calls for me while I was out? 我不在时有人给我来过电话吗？
[+ from]
•I received a call from an old friend last week. 上个星期我接到一位老朋友打来的电话。
2.be on call
if someone such as a doctor or engineer is on call, they are ready to go and help whenever they are needed as part of their job〔医生、工程师等〕待命，随叫随到
•Don’t worry, there’s a doctor on call 24 hours a day. 别担心，全天24小时都有一位医生值班。
3.SHOUT/CRY 叫/喊
[C]a loud sound that a bird or animal makes 〔鸟或动物的〕叫声
[+ of]
•the call of an owl 猫头鹰的叫声
a shout that you make to get someone’s attention 〔引起他人注意的〕呼喊声
→ at 见 beck →be at sb’s beck and call at 见 beck1 → port of call → roll-call → wake-up call
COLLOCATIONS 词语搭配
1.verbs 动词
make a call 打电话
•He made a few calls and then went out. 他打了几个电话就出去了。
give sb a call(=phone someone) 打电话给某人
•I’ll give him a call later today. 今天晚点我会给他打电话。
get/have a call 接到电话
•At 11 in the evening we got a call from the police. 晚上11点钟，我们接到警方打来的电话。
there is/was a call 有电话
•There was a phone call for you. 刚才有个找你的电话。
answer a call 接听电话
•We’re sorry that we cannot answer your call right now. 对不起，我们现在无法接听您的来电。
take a call(=answer one) 接听电话
•Monica took the call upstairs. 莫妮卡在楼上接了电话。
return sb’s call(=call someone after they have tried to call you) 回某人的电话
transfer a call(=connect one to another person’s phone) 转接某人的电话
put through a call(=transfer or make one) 接通电话
2.ADJECTIVES/NOUN 形容词/名词 + call
a phone/telephone call 电话
•I had a phone call from Barbara in Australia. 我接到芭芭拉从澳大利亚打来的电话。
a quick call 简短的电话
•This is just a quick call to make sure you’re OK. 我只是给你打个简短的电话，问问你好不好。
a local call 本地电话
•Local calls are free at weekends. 本地电话周末免费。
a long-distance call 长途电话
an international call 国际电话
a collect call(=one paid for by the person who receives it) 对方付费电话
incoming/outgoing calls(=coming into or going out of a place) 打进/拨出的电话
an emergency call(=to the police, fire service, or ambulance service) 紧急电话
a hoax call(=one intended to trick someone) 恶作剧电话
an anonymous call(=in which the caller does not give their name) 匿名电话
answer that call
响应号召
calloused
calloused skin is rough and covered in callus es
〔皮肤〕有硬结的，起老茧的
•rough calloused hands 粗糙且长满老茧的手
candidate
/’kændɪdɪt,’kændɪdət,’kændədɪt,’kændədət/
1.someone who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election候选人；申请者
•a presidential candidate 总统候选人
[+ for]
•There are only three candidates for the job. 这份工作只有三个人申请。
2.someone who is taking an examination
应试者，考生，参加考试的人
•Candidates are not allowed to use a calculator in this exam. 这次考试的应试者不可以使用计算器。
3.someone or something that is likely to experience or get something
有望体验[得到]…的人[物]
•The novel must be a prime candidate for the award. 这部小说肯定是获奖的大热门。
[+ for]
•The school is an obvious candidate for extra funding. 这所学校显然会得到额外的经费。
creed
/kriːd/
1.a set of beliefs or principles
信条，信念；原则
•It has never been weaker as a political creed . 作为一种政治信条，它从来没有像现在这样衰微过。
•a religious creed 宗教信条
•people of all colours and creeds 各种肤色和信仰的人
2.the Creed
a formal statement of belief spoken in certain Christian churches
〔在某些基督教会中宣讲的〕信经
cynical
/’sɪnɪk ə l/
1.unwilling to believe that people have good, honest, or sincere reasons for doing something愤世嫉俗的，不相信人的真诚善意的
•a cynical view of human nature 认为人性本恶的一种观点
[+ about]
•The public is cynical about election promises. 公众并不相信竞选承诺。
2.not caring that something might not be morally right, might hurt someone etc, when you are trying to get something for yourself
无所顾忌的，不顾他人的
•a cynical disregard for international agreements 无视国际协定的损人利己行为
DERIVATIVE 派生词
cynically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
cynicism
n. 玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽
defining
adj. 最典型的；起决定性作用的
v. 规定（define的ing形式）；给…下定义；表明特征
defining moment
决定性时刻
depression
/dɪ’preʃ ə n/
1.[C,U]a medical condition that makes you very unhappy and anxious and often prevents you from living a normal life 抑郁症
•women who suffer from post-natal depression 患产后抑郁症的女性
a feeling of sadness that makes you think there is no hope for the future 忧郁，沮丧，消沉
•Lucy’s mood was one of deep depression . 露西的情绪极度消沉。
2.the (Great) Depression
the period during the 1930s when there was not much business activity and not many jobs〔20 世纪30年代的〕大萧条
3.[C,U] a long period during which there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs
经济萧条期，不景气时期
RELTD recession
•the devastating effects of economic depression 经济萧条的灾难性影响
Depression
特指1929（-1933）美国经济大危机
dismiss
/dɪs’mɪs/
1.to refuse to consider someone’s idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important拒绝考虑，否定
•The government has dismissed criticisms that the country’s health policy is a mess. 有人认为国家医疗政策一塌糊涂，政府对这种批评持否认态度。
•It’s an idea that shouldn’t be dismissed out of hand (= dismissed immediately and completely ) . 这个想法不该马上被全盘否定。
dismiss sth as sth
•He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. 他只是笑了笑，认为我的建议不切实际，拒绝考虑。
2.to remove someone from their job
解雇，开除
SYN fire,sack
dismiss sb from sth
•Bryant was unfairly dismissed from his post. 布赖恩特被无理免职了。
dismiss sb for sth
•Employees can be dismissed for sending obscene emails. 员工发送淫秽电子邮件会遭到解雇。
3.formal to tell someone that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed
让…离开，解散
•The class was dismissed early today. 今天这个班级提早放学。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people usually say sack someone, and in everyday American English, people usually say fire someone, rather than use dismiss .
在日常英国英语中,说 “开除” 人们一般用 sack ,在日常美国英语中一般用 fire ,而不用 dismiss
•He was sacked (BrE【英】)/ fired (AmE【美】) for being late all the time. 他因一直迟到遭解雇。
dust bowl
an area of land that has dust storm s and very long periods without rain
干旱尘暴区〔长期干旱而多尘暴的地带〕
endorsement
n. 认可，支持；背书；签注（文件）
enormity
n. 巨大；暴行；极恶
复数:enormities
founder
vi. 失败；沉没；倒塌；变跛
vt. 破坏；使摔倒；垮掉
n. 创始人；建立者；翻沙工
/’faʊndə/
someone who establishes a business, organization, school etc
〔公司、组织、学校等的〕创立者，创办人；始创者
founder 2 v. [I ]
formal 【正式】
1.to fail after a period of time because something has gone wrong失败
•Their marriage began to founder soon after the honeymoon. 他们的婚姻在蜜月之后不久便触礁了。
[+ on]
•The talks foundered on disagreements between the two parties. 会谈因双方意见不合而搁浅。
2.if a ship or boat founders, it fills with water and sinks〔船〕沉没
[+ on]
•The ship foundered on the rocks. 那艘船触礁沉没。
Founder
在美国特指“开国元勋”
governor
/’ɡʌv ə nə/
1.the person in charge of governing a state in the US 〔美国的〕州长
the person in charge of governing a country that is under the political control of another country 总督
2.a member of a committee that controls an organization or institution董事，理事
•a school governor 学校董事
•the hospital’s board of governors 医院的董事会
3.the person in charge of an institution
管理者
•the prison governor 监狱长
[+ of]
•the governor of the central bank 央行行长
gracious
adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的
int. 天哪；哎呀
harness
gra‧cious /’ɡreɪʃəs,ˋgreʃəs/ adj.
英 /’ɡreɪʃəs/
1.behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank
有礼貌的；仁慈的；和蔼的，亲切的〔尤指对较低阶层的人们〕
•Sibyl was the most gracious, helpful, and generous person to work with. 西比尔非常和蔼，乐于助人，而且为人慷慨，和她共事最愉快。
•a gracious apology 落落大方的道歉
2.having the kind of expensive style, comfort, and beauty that only rich people can afford
豪华舒适的，华丽的
•a gracious manor house 豪华的庄园大宅
•a magazine about gracious living 一本有关奢华生活的杂志
3.gracious (me)!/good gracious!/goodness gracious!
old-fashioned used to express surprise or to emphasize ‘yes’ or ‘no’
天哪，啊呀〔用于表示惊讶，或强调“是”或“不是”〕
•Good gracious! What on earth has happened to your feet? 天哪！你的脚到底怎么了？
•‘Did you ever go back?’ ‘Good gracious, no.’ “你回去过没有？”“啊呀，当然没有。”
hatch
/hætʃ/
1.[I,T] if an egg hatches, or if it is hatched, it breaks, letting the young bird, insect etc come out(使)〔蛋〕孵化
•The eggs take three days to hatch. 这些蛋要三天时间才能孵化。
2.[I,T] if a young bird, insect etc hatches, or if it is hatched, it comes out of its egg
(使)〔幼禽、幼虫等〕孵出，破壳而出
•All the chicks have hatched out. 小鸡都已孵出。
3.hatch a plot/plan/deal etc
to form a plan etc in secret
策划阴谋/秘密计划/密谋交易等
hatch 2 n. [C ]
1.a hole in a ship or aircraft, usually used for loading goods, or the door that covers it
〔船、飞机上的〕舱口；舱门
escape hatch (=a hole in an aircraft etc through which you can escape)逃逸舱口，应急离机口
2.a small hole in the wall or floor between two rooms, or the door that covers it
〔墙、地板上的〕开口；活板门
3.down the hatch
spoken,informal something you say before drinking an alcoholic drink quickly干杯
heal
/hiːl/
1.
if a wound or a broken bone heals or is healed, the flesh, skin, or bone grows back together and becomes healthy again
（使）〔伤口或断骨〕长好，愈合
•
It took three months for my arm to heal properly. 我的胳膊三个月之后才痊愈。
2.
to make someone who is ill become healthy again, especially by using natural powers or prayer
〔尤指通过自然力量或祈祷〕医治；治愈
RELTD cure
•
a preacher who claims that he can heal the sick 自称可以治病的传道士
3.
to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience, or to help someone to do this
〔在精神或感情上〕（使）复原，（使）坚强起来
•
The trauma of divorce can often be healed by successful remarriage. 离婚带来的创伤常常能通过后来的美满再婚治愈。
显示更多
PHRVB 短语动词
heal overphr v
if a wound or an area of broken skin heals over, new skin grows over it and it becomes healthy again
〔伤口或破损的皮肤〕愈合，痊愈
hose
/həʊz/
MEANINGS 义项
1.
[C] a long rubber or plastic tube that can be moved and bent to put water onto fires, gardens etc
软管，胶管，水龙带
SYN hosepipe BrE,BrE 【英】,【英】
→ see picture at 见 nozzle 2. [U] tights , stockings , or socks - used especially in shops 连裤袜；长筒袜；短袜〔尤用于商店〕 SYN hosiery
hose 2 v. [T ]
英
MEANINGS 义项
1. to wash or pour water over something or someone, using a hose 用软管浇水 hose sth/sb down • Would you hose down the car for me? 你帮我冲洗一下汽车好吗？ 2. informal to cheat or deceive someone 欺骗，哄骗
humility
/hjuː'mɪlɪti,hjuː'mɪləti/ the quality of not being too proud about yourself – use this to show approval 谦逊，谦恭〔含褒义〕 RELTD humble SYN modesty
immaturity
n. 未成熟；粗糙；未臻完美；不完全
mortgage
/’mɔːɡɪdʒ/
1.a legal arrangement by which you borrow money from a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and pay back the money over a period of years
抵押贷款，按揭
•Your building society or bank will help arrange a mortgage. 你加入的购房互助协会或银行将会给你安排抵押贷款。
•They’ve taken out a 30 year mortgage (= they will pay for their house over a period of 30 years ) . 他们办理了一笔30年期的抵押贷款。
•We decided to use Fred’s redundancy money to pay off the mortgage (= pay back all the money we borrowed for a mortgage ) . 我们决定用弗雷德的遣散费来偿清抵押贷款。
•Mortgage rates are set to rise again in the spring. 抵押贷款利率到春季肯定还要上涨。
•She was having trouble meeting her mortgage payments . 她还抵押贷款有困难。
2.the amount of money you borrow in the form of a mortgage
抵押贷款额
•If you earn £20,000 per year, then you may be able to get a mortgage of £60,000. 如果年收入是2万英镑，就有可能贷到6万英镑的抵押贷款。
mortgage 2 v. [T ]
1.if you mortgage your home, land, or property, you borrow money, usually from a bank, and if you cannot pay back the money within a particular period of time, the bank has the right to sell your property in order to get the money you owe it
抵押
•We mortgaged our house to start Paul’s business. 为了让保罗创业，我们把房子抵押出去了。
2.mortgage the/sb’s future
to borrow money or do something that is likely to cause problems in the future, that other people will have to deal with
以将来/某人的前途作代价[赌注]
•The report explains how governments are mortgaging their nations’ futures. 报告阐述了政府如何把国家的前途拿来作赌注。
myth
n. 神话；虚构的人，虚构的事
partisanship
n. 党派性；党派偏见；对党派的忠诚
patriotism
n. 爱国主义；爱国心，爱国精神
peril
/’perɪl,’perəl/
1.[U] literary or formal great danger, especially of being harmed or killed巨大的危险
•a voyage that was fraught with peril 历尽艰险的旅程
in peril
•They put their own lives in peril to rescue their friends. 他们不顾自身安危去营救朋友。
great/grave/serious peril
•The economy is now in grave peril. 经济目前处于严重危机中。
2.[C usually plural,一般用复数] literary or formal a danger or problem in a particular activity or situation〔某活动或情况的〕危险
•the perils posed by mountaineering 登山运动的危险
[+ of]
•the perils of the sea 大海的凶险
3.do sth at your peril
used to say that what someone is intending to do is dangerous or could cause them problems
做某事要自担风险〔用于告诫某人他打算做的事情很危险〕
•Politicians ignore this issue at their peril. 政客们无视这个问题就要自担风险。
petty
/’peti/
1.a petty problem, detail etc is small and unimportant〔问题、细节等〕小的，琐碎的，不重要的
SYN trivial
•petty squabbles 小口角
•petty restrictions 小限制
2.unkind and caring too much about small unimportant things小气的，小心眼的，心胸狭窄的；只关注琐事的
•How can she be so petty? 她怎么会那么小心眼？
•petty jealousy and spitefulness 小心眼的嫉妒和怨恨
3.petty crime
a crime that is not serious, for example stealing things that are not very valuable
轻罪
DERIVATIVE 派生词
pettiness n [U]
•the pettiness of Hollywood 好莱坞的狭隘
porch
/pɔːtʃ/
1.an entrance covered by a roof outside the front door of a house or church
〔房子或教堂前门外有顶的〕入口处，门廊
2.a structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls
〔房屋前后的〕游廊，走廊；阳台
front porch
前门廊
preacher
/’priːtʃə/
MEANINGS 义项
someone who talks about a religious subject in a public place, especially at a church
传道士，讲道者
prosperity
/prɒ’sperɪti,prɒ’sperəti/
when people have money and everything that is needed for a good life
兴隆，发达，昌盛，繁荣
•a time of economic prosperity 经济繁荣时期
[+ of]
•the future prosperity of the country 该国未来的繁荣昌盛
puppy
a young dog
小狗，幼犬
•a six-month-old puppy 一只六个月大的小狗
2.this/that puppy
spoken,informal used instead of the name of a thing, especially when you do not know the name
这/那东西[玩意儿]〔尤指不知如何称呼时〕
•How do you turn this puppy off? 怎么把这东西关掉？
reclaim
/rɪ’kleɪm/
1.to get back an amount of money that you have paid取回〔已付的金钱〕
SYN claim back
•You may be entitled to reclaim some tax. 你也许可以享受一定额度的退税。
2.to make an area of desert, wet land etc suitable for farming or building
开垦，开拓〔沙漠、湿地等〕
•This land will be reclaimed for a new airport. 这块土地将被开发用来建新机场。
3.to get back something that you have lost or that has been taken away from you
恢复；夺回
•I want to reclaim the championship that I lost in 1999. 我想夺回1999年失去的冠军称号。
DERIVATIVE 派生词
reclamation n /͵rɛkləˋmeʃən ; ‚reklə’meɪʃ ə n / [U]
•land reclamation 垦荒
reject
/rɪ’dʒekt/
1.OFFER/SUGGESTION/IDEA 提议/建议/观点
to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something拒绝接受[相信，赞同]
OPP accept
THESAURUS refuse
•Sarah rejected her brother’s offer of help. 萨拉拒绝了她弟弟的帮助。
•Dexter flatly rejected (= completely rejected ) calls for his resignation. 德克斯特断然拒绝让他辞职的要求。
•His proposal was rejected outright (= completely rejected ) . 他的建议被彻底否决了。
reject sth as sth
•Gibson rejected the idea as ‘absurd’. 吉布森拒绝了这个想法，说它“荒谬”。
2.NOT CHOOSE SB 没选中某人
to not choose someone for a job, course of study etc不接受；不雇用；不录取
OPP accept
•It’s obvious why his application was rejected. 他申请被拒的原因很明显。
3.PRODUCT 产品
to throw away something that has just been made, because its quality is not good enough
〔因质量不好而〕废弃
•If inspectors find a defective can, the batch is rejected. 如果质检员发现一个罐头有瑕疵，那么这一批货就会被废弃。
re‧ject 2 /’riːdʒekt,ˋridʒɛkt/ n. [C ]
英 /’riːdʒekt/
1.a product that has been rejected because there is something wrong with it次品，废品
•a shop selling cheap rejects 销售廉价次品的商店
2.someone who is not accepted or liked by another person, or by other people
不合格者；被排斥者；被拒收者
•They felt that they were society’s rejects. 他们感到自己是社会的弃儿。
render
/’rendə/
1.to cause someone or something to be in a particular condition使成为；使变得；使处于〔某种状态〕
render sb/sth impossible/harmless/unconscious etc
•He was rendered almost speechless by the news. 听到这个消息他几乎说不出话来。
•The blow to his head was strong enough to render him unconscious. 他头上挨了重重的一击，昏了过去。
2.formal to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to给予，提供
•an obligation to render assistance to those in need 为有困难的人提供援助的义务
•a bill of $3,200 for services rendered 一张3,200美元服务费的账单
render a decision/opinion/judgment etc
•It is unlikely that the court will render an opinion before November 5. 法庭不可能在11月5日以前表态。
3.to express or present something in a particular wa〔以某种方式〕表达；表现
render sth as sth
•She made a sound that in print is rendered as ‘harrumph’. 她发出一个声音，写出来就是harrumph。
render sth sth
•Infrared film renders blue skies a deep black. 红外线胶片将蓝色的天空拍成深黑色。
render sth in sth
•a sculpture rendered in bronze 一尊青铜雕像
render sevice
提供服务
Republican
/rɪ’pʌblɪkən/
1.someone who believes in government by elected representatives only, with no king or queen拥护共和政体的人，共和主义者
2.Republican
a member or supporter of the Republican Party in the US
〔美国〕共和党人；共和党支持者
RELTD Democrat
3.Republican
someone from Northern Ireland who believes that Northern Ireland should become part of the Republic of Ireland, not the United Kingdom
北爱尔兰共和主义者〔主张北爱尔兰脱离联合王国而并入爱尔兰共和国〕
RELTD loyalist
republican 2 adj.
relating to or supporting a system of government that is not led by a king or queen共和国的；拥护共和政体的
RELTD democratic
sacrifice
/’sækrɪfaɪs,’sækrəfaɪs/
1.[C,U] when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲
•The minister stressed the need for economic sacrifice. 部长强调了在经济上作出牺牲的必要性。
•The workforce were willing to make sacrifices in order to preserve jobs. 雇员为了保住饭碗情愿作出牺牲。
•She brought three children up single-handedly, often at great personal sacrifice . 她独自一人把三个孩子带大，常常需要作出巨大的个人牺牲。
2.[C,U] the act of offering something to a god, especially in the past, by killing an animal or person in a religious ceremony 献祭〔尤指旧时在宗教仪式中把动物或人杀死作祭品〕
•They made sacrifices to ensure a good harvest. 他们举行献祭以保丰收。
[C] an animal, person, or object offered to a god in sacrifice 祭品，供品
•a human sacrifice 人祭
[+ to]
•In those days, an animal was offered as a sacrifice to God. 那时候把动物作为祭品献给上帝。
3.the final/supreme/ultimate sacrifice
literary the act of dying while you are fighting for a principle or in order to help other people牺牲生命，捐躯
•Captain Oates made the ultimate sacrifice in a bid to save his colleagues. 奥茨上尉为救同僚而牺牲了自己的生命。
sacrifice 2 v.
1.[T] to willingly stop having something you want or doing something you like in order to get something more important牺牲，献出
sacrifice sth for sth
•A Labour government chose to sacrifice defence for welfare. 有一届工党政府选择牺牲国防来提高福利。
sacrifice sth to do sth
•He sacrificed a promising career to look after his kids. 他为了照看孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。
sacrifice yourself (for sth)
•mothers who sacrifice themselves for their children 为了子女而牺牲自己的母亲们
2.[I,T] to kill an animal or person and offer them to a god in a religious ceremony
献祭；以…作祭品
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people often say give up rather than sacrifice . 在日常英语中,人们经常说give up,而不说sacrifice
•He gave up a promising career to look after his kids. 他为照看孩子放弃了很有前途的事业。
scorching
/'skɔːtʃɪŋ/ extremely hot 极热的[地]，灼热的[地] •the scorching desert heat 沙漠里的酷热 •a scorching hot day 酷热的一天
scorching heat
炽热
self-reliance
自力更生
senator
/'senətə/ written abbreviation 书面缩写为 Sen. a member of the Senate or a senate 参议员 •Senator Kennedy 肯尼迪参议员 DERIVATIVE 派生词 senatorial adj /͵sɛnəˋtɔrɪəl ; ‚senə'tɔːriəl◂ /
setback
/’setbæk/
a problem that delays or prevents progress, or makes things worse than they were
阻碍，挫折
THESAURUS problem
•The team’s hopes of playing in Europe suffered a setback last night. 球队赴欧洲参加比赛的希望昨晚遇到了阻碍。
[+ for]
•The December elections were a major setback for the party. 12月的大选是这个政党的一个重大挫折。
steep
/stiːp/ comp: steeper superl: steepest 1.a road, hill etc that is steep slopes at a high angle〔路、山等〕陡的，陡峭的 •The road became rocky and steep. 路变得崎岖陡峭起来。 •a steep climb to the top 到山顶的一段陡坡 2.steep prices, charges etc are unusually expensive〔价格、收费等〕过高的，过分昂贵的 OPP low •steep rents 昂贵的 租金 3.involving a big increase or decrease 〔增加或减少〕大幅度的；急剧的 SYN sharp •steep cuts in benefits 救济金的大幅度削减 steep increase/rise •a steep increase in house prices 房价的急剧上涨 steep decrease/drop •a steep drop in orders 订单的锐减 DERIVATIVE 派生词 steeply adv steepness n [U] steep 2 v. [I,T ] 1.be steeped in history/tradition/politics etc to have a lot of a particular quality 有丰富的历史/传统/政治等 •a town steeped in history 历史悠久的小城 2.to put food in a liquid and leave it there, so that it becomes soft or has the same taste as the liquid, or so that it gives the liquid its taste浸泡〔食物〕 •Leave the tea bag to steep. 让茶包好好浸泡一下。
straight
(infml)heterosexual异性恋的
strategist
/’strætɪdʒɪst,’strætɪdʒəst,’strætədʒɪst,’strætədʒəst/
someone who is good at planning things, especially military or political actions
善于策划的人；〔尤指军事或政治行动的〕战略家
stretch
/stretʃ/
MEANINGS 义项
1.MAKE STH BIGGER/LOOSER 使某物更大/更松
[I,T] to make something bigger or looser by pulling it, or to become bigger or looser as a result of being pulled （使）变大；（使）变松；拉长
•A spider’s web can stretch considerably without weakening. 蜘蛛网能拉得相当长而韧性不减。
•Where can I buy those things that stretch your shoes? 在哪儿能买到把鞋撑大的东西？
[I not in progressive] if a material stretches, it can become bigger or longer when you pull it and then return to its original shape when you stop 可伸展，可延伸，有弹性
2.BODY 身体
[I,T] to straighten your arms, legs, or body to full length
伸开，伸展〔肢体〕
→ see picture at 见 gym
•Carl sat up in bed, yawned, and stretched. 卡尔从床上坐起来，打了个呵欠，伸了伸懒 腰。
•Always stretch before exercising. 锻炼之前都要做伸展运动。
3.REACH 伸出
[I always +adv/prep] to reach a long way for something
伸出，伸长（胳膊、腿）
[+ across/over]
•Ann stretched across the couch and grabbed the phone. 安向长沙发那头探过身，抓起电话。
PHRVB 短语动词
stretch outphr v
to lie down, usually in order to sleep or rest
躺下〔睡觉或休息〕
•I’m just going to stretch out on the couch for ten minutes. 我就在长沙发上躺十分钟。
stretch sth←→out to put out your hand, foot etc in order to reach something
伸出，伸开〔手、脚等〕
•Jimmy stretched out his hand to take the candy. 吉米伸手去拿糖果。
stretch 2 n.
1.LENGTH OF LAND/WATER 一片地域/水域
[C] an area of land or water, especially one that is long and narrow
〔尤指狭长的〕一片地域，一片水域
[+ of]
•a beautiful stretch of countryside 一片美丽的乡村
2.TIME 时间
[C] a continuous period of time
连续的一段时间
•She doesn’t leave the house for long stretches of time . 她不会长时间离开这房子。
•She rarely sleeps for eight hours at a stretch (= without stopping ) . 她很少连续睡八小时。
[+ of]
•a stretch of three weeks without sunshine 一连三个星期没有阳光
3.BODY 身体
[C] the action of stretching a part of your body out to its full length, or a particular way of doing this
〔肢体的〕伸展，伸开，张开；伸展动作
•The ski instructor showed us some special stretches. 滑雪教练给我们示范了几个特别的伸展动作。
stretch 3 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
stretch clothes or material stretch if you pull them, and then return to their original shape
弹性的，可拉伸的
•
stretch Levis 李维斯弹性牛仔裤
summon
/’sʌmən/
formal 【正式】
1.to order someone to come to a place
召唤，叫来
•Robert summoned the waiter for the bill. 罗伯特召唤服务员结账。
summon sb to sth
•The president summoned Taylor to Washington. 总统把泰勒召到华盛顿。
summon sb to do sth
•He was summoned to attend an emergency meeting. 他被召去参加一个紧急会议。
2.to officially order someone to come to a court of law
传唤〔出庭〕•
Hugh was summoned to appear before the magistrate. 休被传唤到地方法院出庭。
3.to try very hard to have enough of something such as courage, energy, or strength, because you need it
鼓起〔勇气〕；振作〔精神〕；使出〔力气〕
•He had to summon the energy to finish the race. 他不得不拼尽全力跑完比赛。
PHRVB 短语动词
summon up ←→ sthphr v
if something summons up a memory, thought, or image, it makes you remember it or think of it
唤起，使想起
•The smell summoned up memories of family holidays by the sea. 这气味使人想起全家在海边度假的情景。
to try very hard to have enough courage, energy, or strength, because you need it
鼓起〔勇气〕；振作〔精神〕；使出〔力气〕
•Ruth took a deep breath, summoned up her courage, and told him the truth. 露丝深吸一口气，鼓起勇气，把真相告诉了他。
summon a new spirit
振作精神
temptation
/temp’teɪʃ ə n/
1.a strong desire to have or do something even though you know you should not
引诱，诱惑
•Resist the temptation to buy the item until you’re certain you need it. 要抵挡住购买的诱惑，除非你确有需要。
•I finally gave in to the temptation and had a cigarette. 我最终还是屈从诱惑，抽了一支烟。
temptation to do sth
•There might be a temptation to cheat if students sit too close together. 学生如果坐得太近可能会产生作弊的念头。
2.something that makes you want to have or do something, even though you know you should not诱惑人的东西
•Selling alcohol at truck stops is an unnecessary temptation for drivers. 在卡车中途停留站卖酒对驾驶员是一种不必要的诱惑。
thriving
/'θraɪvɪŋ/ a thriving company, business etc is very successful欣欣向荣的，兴旺发达的 SYN flourishing THESAURUS successful •a thriving tourist industry 欣欣向荣的旅游业
tyranny
/’tɪrəni/
pl: tyrannies
1.cruel or unfair control over other people
暴虐，专横
•Gorky was often the victim of his grandfather’s tyranny. 高尔基经常是他祖父专横管制的受害者。
•the fight against tyranny 反对专制的斗争
2.cruel and unfair government
暴政，苛政，专制统治
•organizations which have criticized the tyrannies of the government 批判政府暴政的组织
3.tyranny of the majority
the idea that if everyone has the right to vote, they will make decisions which will harm the country多数人的暴政
unyielding
/ʌn’jiːldɪŋ/
1.formal not willing to change your ideas or beliefs不屈从的，顽固的
•an unyielding resistance to change 固执己见，不愿改变
2.literary very hard and not changing in shape or form坚固的，不易变形的
•a harsh unyielding landscape 景色粗犷、线条硬朗的地貌
stretch
/strɛtʃ/
vt. 伸展,张开；（大量地）使用，消耗（金钱，时间）；使竭尽所能；使全力以赴；
vi. 伸展；足够买（或支付）
n. 伸展，延伸
bend
/bɛnd/
vt. 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向
vi. 弯曲，转弯；屈服；倾向；专心于
n. 弯曲
extraordinarily
/ɪk’strɔdɪn(ə)rəlɪ/
adv. 非常；格外地；非凡地
gracious
/’ɡreʃəs/
adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的
int. 天哪；哎呀
better off
adj. 经济状况好的，富裕的；状况好的
vice president-elect
已经当选了的副总统 /ɪ'lɛkt/ adj. 选出的；当选的；卓越的 n. 被选的人；特殊阶层；上帝的选民 vt. 选举；选择；推选 vi. 作出选择；进行选举
unyielding
/ʌn’jildɪŋ/
adj. 不屈的；坚强的；[材] 不易弯曲的
unsung hero
无名英雄
无私奉献
幕后英雄
未被歌颂的英雄
office
/’ɔfɪs/
=position
n. 办公室；政府机关；官职；营业处
过去式 officed过去分词 officed现在分词 officing
endorsement
/ɪn’dɔrsmənt/
n. 认可，支持；背书；签注（文件）
hatch
/hætʃ/ n. 孵化；舱口 vt. 孵；策划 vi. 孵化 n. (Hatch)人名；(西)阿奇；(英)哈奇 第三人称单数 hatches过去式 hatched过去分词 hatched现在分词 hatching
hall
/hɔl/
n. 过道，门厅，走廊；会堂；食堂；学生宿舍；大厅，前厅；娱乐中心，会所
backyard
/,bæk’jɑrd/
n. 后院；后庭
porch
/pɔrtʃ/
n. 门廊；走廊
复数 porches
dug into
v. 钻研；掘进去
原型-dig into
cause
/kɔz/
n. 原因；事业；目标
vt. 引起；使遭受
过去式 caused过去分词 caused现在分词 causing
myth
/mɪθ/
n. 神话；虚构的人，虚构的事
apathy
/’æpəθi/
n. 冷漠，无兴趣，漠不关心；无感情
steep
/stip/ adj. 陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急剧升降的 vt. 泡；浸；使…充满 vi. 泡；沉浸 n. 峭壁；浸渍 比较级 steeper最高级 steepest
term
/tɝm/
n. 术语；学期；期限；条款；(代数式等的)项
vt. 把…叫做
n. (Term)人名；(泰)丁
setback
/’sɛtbæk/
n. 挫折；退步；逆流
remarking
n. 评论
v. 评论，注意（remark的现在分词形式）
brick
/brɪk/
n. 砖，砖块；砖形物；心肠好的人
vt. 用砖砌
adj. 用砖做的；似砖的
n. (Brick)人名；(英、法、瑞典)布里克
block
/blɑk/
n. 块；街区；大厦；障碍物
vt. 阻止；阻塞；限制；封盖
adj. 成批的，大块的；交通堵塞的
calloused hand
/’kæləst/
adj. 变得无情的；变硬的；长了老茧的
长茧的手
summon
/’sʌmən/
vt. 召唤；召集；鼓起；振作
patriotism
/’petrɪətɪzəm/
n. 爱国主义；爱国心，爱国精神
pitch in
投入；作出贡献
financial crisis
金融危机；[财政] 财政危机
thriving
/’θraɪvɪŋ/
adj. 繁荣的；蒸蒸日上的；旺盛的
v. 兴旺（thrive的ing形式）
rise or fall
rise and fall [物][物价] 涨落；抑扬
