U1 Flashcards
accomplishment
1.[C] something successful or impressive that is achieved after a lot of effort and hard work
成就，成绩
SYN achievement
•It was a major accomplishment for a player who had been injured so recently. 对于一个刚受过伤的选手来说，这是很好的成绩。
impressive/significant/great etc accomplishment
•Cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment. 削减预算是一项了不起的成就。
2.[U] the act of finishing or achieving something good
完成，实现
[+ of]
•the accomplishment of policy goals 政策目标的实现
3.[C,U] an ability to do something well, or the skill involved in doing something well
才能，才艺
•Playing the piano is one of her many accomplishments. 弹钢琴是她的多项才艺之
acquire
1.formal to obtain something by buying it or being given it
购得，得到
THESAURUS buy
•Manning hoped to acquire valuable works of art as cheaply as possible. 曼宁希望以尽可能低的价格买到有价值的艺术品。
•She has acquired an email address and a site on the World Wide Web. 她获得了一个电子邮件地址和万维网网址。
2.to get or gain something
取得，获得
•The college acquired a reputation for very high standards. 那所学院以学术水平高而闻名。
3.to gain knowledge or learn a skill
学到，获得〔知识、技能〕
THESAURUS get
•He spent years acquiring his skills as a surgeon. 他花了许多年时间学习外科医生的技能。
•Elsie acquired a good knowledge of Chinese. 埃尔茜汉语学得很好。
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REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say get rather than acquire
在日常英语中，人们一般说get，而不说acquire
•Where did you get that tie? 你在哪儿买的那条领带？
•He soon got a reputation for being unfriendly. 他的不友善很快便尽人皆知。
arrogantly
adv. 傲慢地；自大地
arts
n. 文科 统称：艺术
aspirin
n. 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）
复数 aspirin或aspirins
assume
assume /ə'sju:m; ə'su:m/ vt. 1.呈现，呈(某种形式、面貌等)；具有(…的作用、特征、性质等)；采取： The situation assumed a threatening character. 形势显得很险恶。 The problem has assumed a new form. 这问题以新的方式出现了。 2. 采用(某种方式等)： They assumed the customs of their new country. 他们采用他们新来到国家的习俗。 He assumed the style of an aggressive go-getter. 他具有一个积极进取的、有冲劲和进取心的人的风度。 3.僭取；篡夺；夺取；擅用；侵占： to assume the right to oneself 夺(或僭)取权利 展开更多 vi. 1.僭越 2.装腔作势 3.设想；想当然；相信
available
1.something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found
可用的；可获得的
•Tickets are available from the box office. 售票处有票出售。
•Meetings were held to update employees as soon as new information became available . 一有新的信息就开会告诉员工。
•Further building can continue when money is made available . 有了资金就可以继续进一步的施工。
•Every available space on the wall was covered in pictures. 墙上每一个可用的地方都挂上了画。
[+ to]
•Not enough data is available to scientists. 科学家没有足够的资料。
available to do sth
•Funds are available to assist teachers who want to attend the conference. 想参加大会的教师可获得资助。
[+ for]
•No figures are available for the number of goods sold. 已售多少货物，数据无从可知。
[+ in]
•There are plenty of jobs available in the area. 这个地区有许多就业机会。
readily/widely available (=very easy to obtain)很容易获得
•Parking is readily available near the station entrance. 车站入口附近很容易找到停车位。
2.[not before noun,不用于名词前] someone who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to you
〔人〕有空的
•Collins was not available for comment on Thursday night. 柯林斯星期四晚上没空发表评论。
3.someone who is available does not have a wife, boyfriend etc, and therefore may want to start a new romantic relationship with someone else
未婚未有对象〔因而有意谈恋爱〕的，单身待娶[待嫁]的
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say that a book, record etc is out rather than available
在日常英语中，人们说书、唱片等上市一般用out，而不用available
•His new album is out now. 他的新专辑已经上市了。
average
1.the average amount is the amount you get when you add together several quantities and divide this by the total number of quantities
平均（数）的
•The age of the candidates ranged from 29 to 49 with an average age of 37. 候选人的年龄29岁至49岁不等，平均37岁。
•The average cost of making a movie has risen by 15%. 制作一部影片的平均成本上升了15%。
•Last winter was colder than average. 去年冬天比平常冷。
•The cars were being sold at an average price of $11,000. 这些汽车的平均售价是1.1万美元。
2.an average amount or quantity is not unusually big or small
〔数量〕中等的，适中的
•They have an average-size front garden and a large rear garden. 他们有一个中等大小的前院和一个大后院。
of average height/build/intelligence etc
•He was in his late twenties and of average height. 他年近三十，中等个头。
3.having qualities that are typical of most people or things
平常的，普通的
THESAURUS normal
•The average American has not even thought about next year’s election. 普通的美国人甚至还没有想过明年的选举。
•In an average week I drive about 250 miles. 平常我每周开车约250英里。
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average 2 n. S2
英
MEANINGS 义项
1.
[C] the amount calculated by adding together several quantities, and then dividing this amount by the total number of quantities
平均数
•The December figures brought the annual average for 2001 up to 10.6 per cent. 12月的数据将2001年的年平均水平提升到10.6%。
[+ of]
•The average of 3, 8, and 10 is 7. 3, 8, 10的平均数为7。
•Each person raised an average of £60 to plant an acre of trees. 平均每个人筹集60英镑来种一英亩的树。
2.on average
based on a calculation about how many times something usually happens, how much money someone usually gets, how often people usually do something etc
平均来看
•On average, men still earn more than women. 平均来看，男性仍比女性挣得多。
•Nearly 80% of Swiss citizens on average turn out to vote. 平均有近80%的瑞士公民参加投票。
3.[C,U] the usual level or amount for most people or things
平均水平
•Streets in the town centre are wider than the average. 市中心的街道比一般的要宽阔。
•The murder rate in the city has risen to four times the national average . 这座城市的凶杀案发案率已升至全国平均水平的四倍。
above/below average
•The school’s eighth-graders are above average in science. 该校八年级学生的自然科学水平高于平均水平。
→ at 见 law →the law of averages at 见 law9
average 3 v.
英
1.[linking verb,连系动词] to usually do something or usually happen a particular number of times, or to usually be a particular size or amount
平均为
•The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 metres. 湖水不是很深，平均约为12米。
•The airport averages about a thousand flights a month. 那座机场每月平均约有1,000架次航班。
•Inflation averaged just under 2.8% per year. 通货膨胀每年平均略低于2.8%。
2.[T] to calculate the average of figures
算出…的平均数
•The rate of growth was averaged over a period of three years. 这个增长率是3年的平均值。
PHRVB 短语动词
average outphr v
if something averages out at a particular figure, it has that figure as an average over a period of time
平均为
•Training costs for last year averaged out at £5,100 per trainee.,The government’s share of the cost was intended to average out at 25%.去年的培训费是人均5,100英镑。,政府分担的成本计划为平均25%。
average sth ←→ out to calculate the average of something
算出…的平均数
•I averaged out the total increase at about 10%. 我算出总增长平均为10%左右
beanpole
/ˈbiːnpəʊl/
MEANINGS 义项
a very tall thin person – used humorously
瘦高个子〔幽默用法〕
bull
bull 1 /bʊl,b u l/ n. 英 /bʊl/ MEANINGS 义项 1.male cow 公牛 [C] an adult male animal of the cattle family 公牛 •a herd of cows with one bull 一群母牛加一头公牛 2.male animal 雄性动物 [C] the male of some other large animals such as the elephant or whale 〔象、鲸等大型动物的〕雄性动物 3.take the bull by the horns to bravely or confidently deal with a difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant problem 挺身面对困难 •Nora decided to take the bull by the horns and organize things for herself. 诺拉决定迎难而上，自己来安排事情。 显示更多 → at 见 cock →cock and bull story at 见 cock4 → at 见 red →like a red rag to a bull at 见 red5 → at 见 shoot →shoot the bull at 见 shoot13 bull 2 interjection. 英 MEANINGS 义项 used to say that you do not believe or agree with what someone has said 废话，胡说 •Bull! Where did you get that idea? 胡扯！ 你怎么会有那种想法？ 1. bull 公牛看好股市者美国公牛巨人雄的象 2. Bull market 牛市多头市场股市行情看涨旺市 3. Raging Bull 愤怒的公牛狂牛蛮牛愤慨的公牛 1.bull market 多头市场；股市中的牛市；旺市（行情看涨的市场） 2.bull run 布尔溪（美国一小溪，曾是南北战争中的重要战场） 3bull terrier 牛头犬与狸杂交而生的狗
certify
1.to state that something is correct or true, especially after some kind of test
〔尤指经过某种检验〕证明，证实，核证
•The accounts were certified by an auditor. 这些账目经审计员核实过。
certify (that)
•We need to certify that the repairs have been satisfactorily carried out. 我们需要核实修理工作完成得令人满意。
certify sb dead (=when a doctor says officially that a person is dead)证实某人死亡
•The driver was certified dead at the scene. 司机被证实当场死亡。
2.to give an official paper to someone which states that they have completed a course of training for a profession
给〔某人〕颁发（完成专业培训的）合格证书[文凭]
RELTD certificate
certify sb as sth
•She was certified as a teacher in 1990. 她于1990年获得教师资格证书。
3.to officially state that someone is mentally ill
正式证明〔某人〕有精神病
civilized
1.a civilized society is well organized and developed, and has fair laws and customs
开化的，文明的
RELTD civilization
•Such things should not happen in a civilized society. 文明社会不应该有这种事情发生。
2.pleasant and comfortable
令人愉快的，舒适宜人的
RELTD civilized
•‘This is very civilized,’ she said, lying back with a gin and tonic. “真是非常舒服啊。”她拿着一杯加了奎宁水的杜松子酒仰靠着说道。
3.behaving in a polite sensible way instead of getting angry
心平气和的；有礼貌的
•Let’s try and be civilized about this, shall we? 我们尽量心平气和地对
client
1.someone who gets services or advice from a professional person, company, or organization
客户，客人，顾客
SYN customer
THESAURUS customer
•a meeting with an important client 与一位重要客户的会面
2.technical a computer on a network that receives information from a server (= large powerful computer )
〔连接在服务器上的〕客户机
contain
1.CONTAINER/PLACE 容器/地方
if something such as a bag, box, or place contains something, that thing is inside it
包含；容纳；装盛
•The thieves stole a purse containing bank-notes. 小偷们偷到了一个里面有钞票的钱包。
•The museum contains a number of original artworks. 这家博物馆藏有一些原创艺术品。
2.WRITING/SPEECH 文章/演说
if a document, book, speech etc contains something, that thing is included in it
包含，含有
•The letter contained information about Boulestin’s legal affairs. 这封信里有关于布莱斯坦的法律事务的信息。
be contained in/within sth
•The proposed changes are contained in a policy statement. 提议的改革内容包含在一项政策声明中。
3.SUBSTANCE 物质
if a substance contains something, that thing is part of it
含有〔某种成分〕
•This product may contain nuts. 这种产品可能含有坚果。
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Register 语体
In everyday English, people often use different phrases to say that something contains something else. 在日常英语中，人们经常使用不同的短语表示某物里有什么
continuity
the state of continuing for a period of time, without problems, interruptions, or changes
连续（性），持续（性），连贯（性）
•
We should ensure continuity of care between hospital and home. 我们应当保证医院护理和家庭护理的连续性。
2.technical the organization of a film or television programme to make it seem that the action happens without pauses or interruptions
〔电影或电视节目中〕镜头的连续，衔接
cyanide
a very strong poison
氰化物
democratic
1. controlled by representatives who are elected by the people of a country 〔政府等〕民主的，民主政体的 • a democratic government 民主政府 • the role of the media in the democratic process 民主进程中媒体的作用 2. organized according to the principle that everyone has a right to be involved in making decisions 民主制的，决策民主的 • a democratic management style 民主的管理风格 3. organized according to the principle that everyone in a society is equally important, no matter how much money they have or what social class they come from 按民主原则组织的，体现民主的，平等的 • a democratic society 民主社会 显示更多 DERIVATIVE 派生词
democratically adv /-kḷɪ ; -kli /
•
democratically elected councils 民主选举的委员会
disaster
1.a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or accident which causes great damage or suffering
灾难，灾祸
RELTD catastrophe
THESAURUS accident
•One hundred and twenty people died in China’s worst air disaster . 有120人在中国这起最惨烈的空难事故中丧生。
•the economic consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster 切尔诺贝利核灾难给经济带来的后果
•The 1987 hurricane was the worst natural disaster to hit England for decades. 1987年的飓风是英格兰数十年来遭遇的最为严重的自然灾害。
•Their expedition nearly ended in disaster , when one of the climbers slid off the mountain. 一名登山者从山上滑落，他们的探险活动险些以灾难告终。
•The drought could spell disaster for wildlife. 干旱可能会对野生生物造成灾难。
•Disaster struckwhen two men were killed during their parachute jumps. 灾难突然降临，两名男子在跳伞过程中丧生。
•The peace process was on the brink of disaster . 和平进程到了灾难的边缘。
•Luckily the pilot saw the other plane just in time, and a disaster was narrowly averted . 幸好驾驶员及时看到了另一架飞机，侥幸避免了一场灾难。
[+ for]
•The oil spill was a disaster for Alaskan sea animals. 石油泄漏对阿拉斯加的海洋动物是一场灾难。
2.something that is very bad or a failure, especially when this is very annoying or disappointing
灾难，不幸，彻底失败
•The evening was an unmitigated disaster (= a complete failure ) . 这一晚完全是一场灾难。
•Five small boys on skis is a recipe for disaster (= is very likely to end badly ) . 五个小男孩一起玩滑雪迟早要出事。
sth is a complete/total disaster
•Because of the weather, the parade was a total disaster. 由于天气不好，游行活动彻底搞砸了。
[+ for]
•The cuts in funding will be a disaster for the schools. 削减经费对学校来说将是灾难性的。
drugstore
a shop where you can buy medicines, beauty products etc
〔兼售化妆品等的〕药店，药房
SYN pharmacy AmE,BrE 【尤美】,【美】,【英】
employ
1.to pay someone to work for you
雇用
•The factory employs over 2,000 people. 这家工厂雇用了2,000多名员工。
employ sb as sth
•Kelly is employed as a mechanic. 凯利受雇当技工。
employ sb to do sth
•We have been employed to look at ways of reducing waste. 我们受雇研究减少浪费的方法。
2.to use a particular object, method, skill etc in order to achieve something
使用，运用
THESAURUS use
employ a method/technique/tactic etc
•The report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom. 这个报告探讨了课堂教学方法。
3.[usually passive,一般用被动态] formal to spend your time doing a particular thing
花时间做；忙于做
be employed in (doing) sth
•Her days are employed in gardening and voluntary work. 她的时间都花在搞园艺和做义工上。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say give someone a job rather than employ someone, and have a job rather than be employed .
在日常英语中，人们一般说give someone a job不说employ someone ； 说have a job，不说be employed
•They gave him a job delivering furniture. 他们给了他一份送家具的工作。
•He has a job at the factory. 他在工厂工作。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday English, people usually say use a method rather than employ a method.
在日常英语中，人们一般说use a method，不说employ a method。
employ 2 n.
in sb’s employ
old-fashioned working for someone
受雇于某人，为某人工作
•He had a number of servants in his employ. 他雇了几个仆人替他干活。
1.employ in 被…雇佣；受聘于
2.in the employ of adv. 受雇于
enroll
AE vt. 登记；使加入；把...记入名册；使入伍 vi. 参加；登记；注册；记入名册 BE enrol vt. 登记；卷起；入学；使入会 vi. 注册；参军
essence
1.[singular,单数] the most basic and important quality of something
本质，实质；要素
[+ of]
•The essence of Arsenal’s style of football was speed. 阿森纳队足球风格的精髓是强调速度。
•She seems the very essence of kindness (= she seems very kind ). 她看来非常友善。
2.in essence
used when talking about the most basic and important part of something, especially an idea, belief, or argument
本质上，实质上
•In essence his message was very simple. 实质上他想表达的意思很简单。
3.[C,U] a liquid obtained from a plant, flower etc that has a very strong smell or taste and is used especially in cooking
〔尤指烹饪用的〕香精，精油
•vanilla essence 香草香精
expertise
special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training
专门技能[知识]
THESAURUS knowledge skill
technical/financial/medical etc expertise
•
What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise. 他给公司带来的是金融专业知识。
•
trainee engineers with varying degrees of computer expertise 计算机专业技能参差不齐的实习工程师
[+ in]
•
expertise in the management of hotels 酒店管理的专门知识
expose
1.
SHOW 显示
to show something that is usually covered or hidden
显露，露出〔一般予以掩盖或隐藏的东西〕
THESAURUS show
•
He lifted his T-shirt to expose a jagged scar across his chest. 他撩起T恤衫，露出横贯胸部的锯齿状伤疤。
expose sth to sth
•
Potatoes turn green when exposed to light. 马铃薯在光照下会变绿。
2.
TO STH DANGEROUS 遇到危险之物
to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant
使暴露〔于险境〕，使置身〔于危险〕当中
expose sb to sth
•
The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation. 报告披露工人们受到了高强度的辐射。
expose yourself to ridicule/criticism etc (=say or do something that may make people laugh at you, criticize you etc)使自己受到嘲笑/批评等
3.
TELL THE TRUTH 讲真话
to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad
揭露，揭发
•
The film exposes the utter horror of war. 这部电影揭示了战争的极端恐怖。
•
The report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice. 报道揭露了现代医疗的不足之处。
expose sb as sth
•
The baron was exposed as a liar and a cheat. 这个工商业巨头说谎和欺骗的真面目被揭穿了。
faculty
1. [C] a department or group of related departments within a university 〔大学的〕系，部，院 RELTD school • the Engineering Faculty 工程学院 [+ of] • the Faculty of Law 法学院 2. [C,U] all the teachers in a university 〔大学的〕全体教员 • Both faculty and students oppose the measures. 教师和学生都反对这些措施。 3. [C usually plural,一般用复数] a natural ability, such as the ability to see, hear, or think clearly 官能；天赋 • the patient’s mental faculties 病人的神志 in full possession of all your faculties (=able to see, hear, think etc in the normal way)各官能正常的 [+ of] • the faculty of sight 视觉官能
fragment
a small piece of something that has broken off or that comes from something larger 碎片，碎块；片断 THESAURUS piece → see picture at 见 piece 1 • glass fragments 玻璃碎片 [+ of] • fragments of broken pottery 陶器碎片 frag‧ment 2 /fræɡ'ment,frægˋmɛnt/ v. [I,T ] 英 /fræɡ'ment/ MEANINGS 义项
to break something, or be broken into a lot of small separate parts – used to show disapproval
（使）成碎片，打碎；分裂〔含贬义〕
•
the dangers of fragmenting the Health Service 医疗保健服务分崩离析的危险
DERIVATIVE 派生词
fragmented adj
•
a fragmented society 四分五裂的社会
fragmentation n /͵frægmənˋteʃən ; ‚fræɡmən’teɪʃ ə n, -men / [U]
generate
1.
to produce or cause something
产生，创造
SYN create
•
a useful technique for generating new ideas 能产生新创意的有用技术
•
The program would generate a lot of new jobs. 这个项目将创造许多新的就业岗位。
generate revenue/profits/income etc
•
Tourism generates income for local communities. 旅游业为当地社区创造了收益。
generate excitement/interest/support etc
•
The project generated enormous interest. 这个项目引起了人们极大的兴趣。
2.
to produce heat, electricity, or another form of energy
产生〔热、电等能量〕
THESAURUS make
•
Wind turbines generate electricity for the local community. 风力机为当地社区发电。
graduate
1. someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree 〔尤指完成学士学位课程的〕大学毕业生 RELTD undergraduate • a Harvard graduate 哈佛毕业生 • university graduates 大学毕业生 • a history graduate 历史专业毕业生 [+ of] • a graduate of Edinburgh University 爱丁堡大学的毕业生 [+ in] • He’s a graduate in philosophy. 他哲学专业毕业。 2. someone who has completed a course at a college, school etc 〔大学、中学等的〕毕业生 • a high-school graduate 中学毕业生 grad‧u‧ate 2 /'ɡrædʒueɪt,ˋgrædʒu͵et/ v. 英 /'ɡrædʒueɪt/ MEANINGS 义项
1.
[I] to obtain a degree, especially a first degree, from a college or university
大学毕业
[+ from]
•
Kate graduated from medical school last year. 凯特去年从医学院毕业了。
[+ in]
•
He graduated in physics from Cambridge University. 他是剑桥大学物理学专业毕业的。
2.
[I] to complete your education at high school
中学毕业
[+ from]
•
Jerry graduated from high school last year. 杰里去年中学毕业。
3.
graduate (from sth) to sth
to start doing something that is bigger, better, or more important
（从…）升级到…
SYN progress
•
As an actress she has graduated from small roles to more substantial parts. 作为演员，她从配角演起，慢慢地开始出演比较重要的角色。
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grad‧u‧ate 3 /’ɡrædʒuɪt,’ɡrædʒuət,ˋgrædʒuɪt/ adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
英 /’ɡrædʒuɪt,’ɡrædʒuət/
MEANINGS 义项
relating to or involved in studies done at a university after completing a first degree
（攻读）研究生的
RELTD undergraduate
SYN postgraduate BrE 【尤美】,【英】
•
a graduate student 研究生
grind
1.
INTO SMALL PIECES 变成碎末
[T]
to break something such as corn or coffee beans into small pieces or powder, either in a machine or between two hard surfaces 磨碎，碾碎，把…磨成粉
freshly ground
•
pepper 现磨的胡椒粉
to cut food, especially raw meat, into very small pieces by putting it through a machine 〔用机器〕绞碎〔食物，尤指肉〕
•
ground beef 【英】
2.
SMOOTH/SHARP 光滑的/锋利的
[T] to make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine
磨光，磨利
•
a stone for grinding knives and scissors 磨刀剪的石头
•
The lenses are ground to a high standard of precision. 镜片被磨到很高的精确度。
3.
PRESS 挤压
[T always + adv/prep] to press something onto a surface and rub it with a strong twisting movement 用力旋转着挤压
•
He ground out his cigarette on the window ledge. 他在窗台上捻灭香烟。
grind sth into sth
•
He dropped a cigar butt and ground it into the carpet with his heel. 他扔下雪茄烟头，用脚后跟把它碾进地毯里。
[I always + adv/prep] to press hard against something 用力挤压
[+ against/together]
•
as these plates (= large areas of land ) grind against each other 随着地壳板块的互相挤压
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PHRVB 短语动词
grind sb ←→ downphr v
1.
to treat someone in a cruel way for such a long time that they lose all courage and hope
〔长期地〕欺压，折磨〔某人，使其丧失勇气、希望等〕
•
I’ve never let male colleagues grind me down. 我从没让男同事欺负过我。
grind onphr v
1.
to continue for an unpleasantly long time
令人厌烦地持续下去
•
As the negotiations grind on, time is passing towards the deadline. 谈判拖拖拉拉地进行着，很快就要到最后期限了。
grind sth ←→ outphr v
1.
to produce information, writing, music etc in such large amounts that it becomes boring
大量撰写，大量提供〔信息、文字、音乐作品等〕；粗制滥造
•
Frank just keeps grinding out detective stories. 弗兰克就一篇又一篇不停地写侦探小说。
2.
to say something in a rough, angry, or emotional way
咬着牙说
•
‘You don’t love him,’ he ground out. “你并不爱他！”他咬着牙说。
grind 2 n.
英
MEANINGS 义项
1.
[singular,单数] something that is hard work and physically or mentally tiring
苦差事
•
I find the journey to work a real grind. 我觉得上班路上很辛苦。
•
workers emerging from their daily grind in the factory 干完繁重的日常劳动从工厂出来的工人
2.
[C] informal a student who never does anything except study
书呆子
SYN swot AmE,BrE 【美，非正式】,【英】
3.
[C] a movement in skateboarding or rollerblading , which involves moving sideways along the edge of something, so that the bar connecting the wheels of the skateboard or rollerblade presses hard against the edge
〔玩滑板或溜冰时的〕擦边动作，碾磨边沿动作
hip
1.
one of the two parts on each side of your body between the top of your leg and your waist
臀部；髋部
•
She stood there with her hands on her hips glaring at him. 她站在那里，双手叉腰瞪着他。
•
The old lady had fallen and broken her hip. 那老妇人摔了一跤，髋部骨折。
2.
the red fruit of some kinds of roses
蔷薇果（实）
SYN rose hip
hip 2 adj.
英
informal 【非正式】
MEANINGS 义项
1.
doing things or done according to the latest fashion
新潮的，时髦的
SYN cool
• McMillan’s novel gets my vote for hippest book of the year. 我认为麦克米伦的小说是今年最时髦的书。 2. be/get hip to sth to learn about a new product, idea etc 了解某事物 • More and more people are getting hip to e-banking. 越来越多的人开始了解电子银行业务。 hip 3 interjection. 英 MEANINGS 义项
hip, hip, hooray!
used as a shout of approval
加油！好哇！〔表示赞许的喊声〕
humanity
1. [U] people in general 人，人类〔总称〕 • We want a clean healthy environment for all humanity . 我们希望全人类拥有一个干净健康的生存环境。 • crimes against humanity 反人类罪 2. [U] kindness, respect, and sympathy towards others 仁慈，博爱，同情心 OPP inhumanity
• a man of deep humanity 一个极富同情心的人 3. [U] the state of being human rather than an animal or machine 人性 common/shared humanity • We must never forget our common humanity. 我们永远不要忘记共同的人性
implicity
n. 不问原因；不怀疑；隐含性
incompetence
lack of the ability or skill to do a job properly
不胜任，不称职
OPP competence
•
The report blamed police incompetence for the tragedy. 报道指责警方的无能导致了这场悲剧。
managerial/professional etc incompetence
•
allegations of professional incompetence 对专业方面不称职的指责
inevitable
1.
certain to happen and impossible to avoid
必然发生的，不可避免的
THESAURUS certain
•
A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable. 危机的进一步升级现在看来已不可避免。
it is inevitable (that)
•
It’s inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake. 医生偶尔犯错是难免的。
inevitable consequence/result
•
Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living conditions. 恶劣的生活条件必然诱发疾病。
2.
the inevitable
a situation that is certain to happen
不可避免的事情
•
One day the inevitable happened and I got a speeding ticket. 有一天，不可避免的事情发生了: 我收到了一张超速罚款单。
intellect
MEANINGS 义项
1. [C,U] the ability to understand things and to think intelligently 智力；领悟力；理解力；思维能力 superior/considerable/keen etc intellect • He combined a formidable intellect with a talent for speaking. 他不但智力超群，而且口才出众。 2. [C] someone who is very intelligent 才智出众者
invent
MEANINGS 义项
1.
to make, design, or think of a new type of thing
发明，创造
•
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大 · 格雷厄姆 · 贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
Do not confuse with discover (= to be the first person to find something or to know that it exists ) . 不要与discover（发现）混淆: Scientists have discovered a new type of bacteria. 科学家发现了一种新的细菌。
2.
to think of an idea, story etc that is not true, usually in order to deceive people
捏造，虚构〔观点、故事等，通常为了欺骗别人〕
•
They invented a very convincing alibi. 他们编造了很有说服力的不在犯罪现场的证据。
THESAURUS 词语辨析
1.
invent 发明,创造
to think of an idea for a new product, machine etc, and design it or make it
•
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 电话是亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明的。
•
Who invented the Internet? 因特网是谁发明的？
2.
create 创造,设计
to make or design something new and original
•
We decided to create the software ourselves. 我们决定自己来设计这个软件。
•
For her latest book, she has created a whole new group of characters. 她在自己的新书中塑造了一批全新的人物。
3.
think of sth/think up sth 想出[构思出]某事物
to produce a new idea, plan, method, excuse etc by thinking
•
I’ve thought of an idea. 我想出了一个主意。
•
They’re always trying to think up new ways to improve efficiency. 他们总是在探索提高效率的新方法。
literal
1. the literal meaning of a word or expression is its basic or original meaning 〔词或词组〕本义的，原义的，字面意思的 RELTD figurative literal meaning/sense/interpretation etc • A trade war is not a war in the literal sense. 贸易战不是字面意义上的战争。 2. literal translation a translation that translates each word exactly instead of giving the general meaning in a more natural way 直译，逐字翻译 OPP free
3.
literal-minded
not showing much imagination
缺乏想象力的
limitation
1. [U] the act or process of controlling or reducing something 限制，制约 → at 见 damage 1 • a nuclear limitation treaty 核限制条约 [+ to] • Any limitation to the king’s power could be permanent. 对国王权力的任何限制都有可能是永久性的。 2. [C usually plural,一般用复数] qualities that stop someone or something from being as good or as effective as you wish they could be 〔某人或某事物的〕局限性，不足之处 SYN weakness
•
It’s a good little car, but it has its limitations. 这是一辆很好的小汽车，但也有不足之处。
[+ of]
•
Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends. 这次调查尽管有局限性，但也确实说明了一些普遍的倾向。
3.
[C,U] a rule or condition that stops something from increasing beyond a particular point
规定；限制
[+ on/upon]
•
a limitation on the number of hours children can work 对儿童学习时间的限制
put/place/impose limitations
•
The new law imposes limitations on campaign contributions. 新的法律给竞选捐款规定了限额。
maintain
1.
MAKE STH CONTINUE 使某事继续
to make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before
保持,维持
•
Careers Officers maintain contact with young people when they have left school. 年轻人离开学校以后，职业指导员和他们保持联系。
•
Britain wants to maintain its position as a world power. 英国想保持其世界强国的地位。
•
A lot depends on building and maintaining a good relationship with your customers. 和顾客建立并保持良好关系很重要，很多事情要取决于此。
•
The hotel prides itself on maintaining high standards. 这家酒店以保持高标准而自豪。
•
How can we maintain control of spending? 我们如何保持对开支的控制？
2.
LEVEL/RATE 水平/速度
to make a level or rate of activity, movement etc stay the same
保持
•
It is important to maintain a constant temperature inside the greenhouse. 温室内保持恒温很重要。
•
This is the most efficient way to build up and maintain a reasonable level of physical fitness. 要让身体达到一定的健康水平并保持下去，这是最有效的办法。
3.
SAY 说
to strongly express your belief that something is true
坚持认为，坚持说
SYN claim
maintain (that)
•
Critics maintain that these reforms will lead to a decline in educational standards. 批评者坚称这些改革会导致教育标准下降。
maintain your innocence (=say that you did not commit a crime)坚持说自己是无辜的
•
He maintained his innocence and said the allegations were ‘ridiculous’. 他坚持说自己是无辜的，称这些指控很“荒谬”。
mechanize
/ˈmɛkəˌnaɪz/ |TEM4
mechanizingmechanizedmechanizes
1.
V-T If someone mechanizes a process, they cause it to be done by a machine or machines, when it was previously done by people. 使机械化
• Only gradually are technologies being developed to mechanize the task.
渐渐地科技才发展到能使这项任务机械化。
2.
N-UNCOUNT 机械化
• Mechanization happened years ago on the farms of Islay.
机械化数年前在艾莱的农场实现了。
Neanderthal
/ni’ændə‚tɑːl/
MEANINGS 义项
1. an early type of human being 尼安德特人〔一种原始人种〕 2. a man who is big, ugly, and stupid 傻大粗〔体形巨大、相貌丑陋的蠢人〕 3. someone who has old-fashioned ideas and opposes change 思想僵化守旧的人
nevertheless
in spite of a fact that you have just mentioned
然而，不过；尽管如此
SYN nonetheless 【正式】
THESAURUS but
•
What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind. 你说的都是实话，只不过有点刻薄。
peculiar
1.
strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising
奇怪的；异常的
THESAURUS strange
•
There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen. 厨房里有一股怪味。
•
Something peculiar is going on. 出了怪事。
•
It seems very peculiar that no one noticed Kay had gone. 没有人注意到凯已经走了，这好像很奇怪。
2.
be peculiar to sb/sth
if something is peculiar to a particular person, place, or situation, it is a feature that only belongs to that person or only exists in that place or situation
为某人/某事物所特有
•
The problem of racism is not peculiar to this country. 种族歧视问题并非只有这个国家才有。
3.
behaving in a strange and slightly crazy way
〔行为〕怪癖的；有点疯狂的
•
He’s been a little peculiar lately. 最近他有点怪异。
•
She’s a very peculiar child. 她是个非常古怪的孩子。
penetrating
英 /’penɪtreɪtɪŋ,’penətreɪtɪŋ/
MEANINGS 义项
1.
penetrating look/eyes/gaze etc
a look etc which makes you feel uncomfortable and seems to see inside your mind
锐利的目光/眼睛/凝视等
•
a pair of penetrating dark eyes 一双穿透人心的黑眼睛
•
He gave her a penetrating stare. 他眼神犀利地看了她一眼。
2.
showing an ability to understand things quickly and completely
有洞察力的，思维敏锐的
•
questions that are intelligent and penetrating 机智而尖锐的问题
•
a penetrating analysis of the issue 对那个问题精辟的分析
3.
spreading and reaching everywhere
弥漫的；渗透的
•
the penetrating cold 刺骨的寒气
pest
1.
a small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies
〔毁坏庄稼或食物的〕有害小动物；害虫
RELTD vermin
•
a chemical used in pest control 用于防治虫害的一种化学品
2.
informal an annoying person, especially a child
令人讨厌的人〔尤指孩子〕
pharmacy
1.
[C] a shop or a part of a shop where medicines are prepared and sold
药店；〔商店的〕药品部
SYN chemist
• an all-night pharmacy 通宵药店 2. [C] the place where medicines are prepared in a hospital 〔医院的〕药房，配药室 3. [U] the study or practice of preparing drugs and medicines 药剂学；制药（学）；配药（学）
philosophy
.
[U] the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil, etc
哲学
•
Emma studies philosophy at university. 埃玛在大学攻读哲学。
[+ of]
•
the philosophy of science 科学哲学
2.
[C] the views of a particular philosopher or group of philosophers
思想体系；哲学体系
[+ of]
•
the philosophy of Aristotle 亚里士多德的哲学体系
3.
[C] the attitude or set of ideas that guides the behaviour of a person or organization
人生哲学；生活[工作]准则
•
The company explained their management philosophy. 公司阐述了他们的管理原则。
•
The idea that you should treat others as you would like them to treat you is a fine philosophy of life . 希望别人怎样对你，你就怎样对待别人，这是很好的处世原则。
→ natural philosophy
physicist
a scientist who has special knowledge and training in physics
物理学家
pill
1. [C] a small solid piece of medicine that you swallow whole 药丸，药片 • He has to take pills to control his blood pressure. 他必须服药控制血压。 • sleeping pills 安眠药 • a bottle of vitamin pills 一瓶维生素片 2. the Pill/the pill a pill taken regularly by some women in order to prevent them having babies 〔女用〕口服避孕药 on the Pill • My doctor advised me to go on the pill (= start taking it regularly ) . 我的医生建议我口服避孕药。 3. sugar/sweeten the pill to do something to make an unpleasant job or situation less unpleasant for the person who has to accept it 给药丸加糖衣，把苦差事变得更容易接受 显示更多 → at 见 bitter →a bitter pill (to swallow) at 见 bitter7 → morning-after pill pill 2 v. [I ] 英 MEANINGS 义项
if a piece of clothing pills, especially a sweater , it forms little balls on the surface of the cloth after it has been worn or washed
〔衣物〕起球，结绒
preside
MEANINGS 义项
to be in charge of a formal event, organization, ceremony etc
主持，担任主持；负责
•I shall be pleased to preside at your meetings. 我很高兴主持你们的会议。
•Mr Justice Waller, presiding judge for the northeast 沃勒法官，东北地区的首席法官
PHRVB 短语动词
preside over sthphr v
to be in a position of authority at a time when important things are happening
负责〔重要局面〕
•The government has presided over a massive increase in unemployment during the last few years. 政府过去几年里面临大规模的失业问题。
to be the head of a company or organization
掌管，管辖，领导
•Finch presided over the company for 30 years. 芬奇掌管这家公司30年。
to be in charge of a meeting or activity
主持
•The chairman will preside over an audience of architects and developers. 主席将主持一个由建筑设计师和开发商共同参加的会议。
professional
MEANINGS 义项
1.JOB 工作
[only before noun]
relating to a job that needs special education and training 职业的，专业的
•What professional qualifications does he have? 他有哪些专业资格？
•It is essential to get good professional advice . 获得有用的专业指导非常重要。
•You may need to seek professional help . 你可能需要寻求专业帮助。
relating to your job or work and not to your private life 工作上的〔相对于私人生活而言〕
•professional contacts 工作上的人脉
2.WELL TRAINED 受过良好训练的
showing that someone has been well trained and is good at their work
专业的，内行的
•This business plan looks very professional. 这个商业计划看上去很有专业水平。
•a more professional approach to work 更专业的工作方法
3.PAID 有报酬的
doing a job, sport, or activity for money, rather than just for fun
职业性的；专业的；非业余的
RELTD amateur
•a professional tennis player 职业网球运动员
•a professional army 职业军队
turn/go professional (=start to do something as a job)
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DERIVATIVE 派生词
professionalization n /prə͵fɛʃənələˋzeʃən ; prə‚feʃ ə nəlaɪ’zeɪʃ ə n / [U]
•the increasing professionalization of childcare services 儿童保育服务的日益职业化
professionalize v /prəˋfɛʃənəlaɪz ; prə’feʃ ə nəlaɪz / [T]
professional 2 n. [C ] AC W3
英
MEANINGS 义项
1.someone who earns money by doing a job, sport, or activity that many other people do just for fun
〔相对于业余爱好者的〕职业人士，职业选手
RELTD amateur
•Hurd signed as a professional in 1998. 赫德于1998年签约成为职业选手。
•top snooker professionals 顶尖斯诺克职业选手
2.someone who works in a job that needs special education and training, such as a doctor, lawyer, or architect
专业人士，专家〔如医生、律师、建筑师等〕
health professionals (=doctors, nurses etc)
3.someone who has a lot of experience and does something very skilfully
老手，内行
•You sing like a real professional. 你唱起歌来就像个专业歌手。
pursuit
.
[U] when someone tries to get, achieve, or find something in a determined way
追求；寻找
RELTD pursue
[+ of]
•
the pursuit of liberty and happiness 对自由和幸福的追求
•
the pursuit of war criminals 追踪战犯
in (the) pursuit of sth
•
People are having to move to other areas in pursuit of work. 为了找工作，人们不得不移居他处。
2.
[U] when someone chases or follows someone else
追赶，追踪
RELTD pursue
•
The quarterback sprinted toward the end zone with Jansen in hot pursuit (= following closely behind ) . 那名四分卫快速冲向底线区，詹森穷追不舍。
in pursuit
•
There were four police cars in pursuit. 有四辆警车在追赶。
3.
[C usually plural,一般用复数] formal an activity such as a sport or hobby , which you spend a lot of time doing
消遣；嗜好，爱好
•
pursuits such as swimming and tennis 游泳和打网球之类的爱好
push-button
adj. 按钮操作的；自动化的operated by pressing a button with your finger
按键式的
•a push-button telephone 按键式电话
qualified
1.
having suitable knowledge, experience, or skills, especially for a particular job
〔尤指做某项工作〕有资格的，合格的，胜任的
well/suitably/highly qualified
•
Dawn is well qualified for her new role. 唐十分胜任她的新角色。
qualified to do sth
•
The guides are qualified to lead groups into the mountains. 这些导游有资格带团进山。
•
If you don’t speak German, you’re not qualified to comment. 如果你不会说德语，你就没有资格评论。
2.
having passed a professional examination
具备…的学历[资历]的
•
a professionally qualified social worker 有专业资格的社会工作者
•
Are you medically qualified? 你有行医资格吗？
qualified doctor/teacher/accountant etc
•
There are qualified instructors on hand to advise you. 随时都有合格的教练来指导你。
highly/fully qualified
•
a fully qualified nurse 一名完全合格的护士
qualified to do sth
•
He’s qualified to teach biology at high school level. 他有资格教高中生物。
3.
[usually before noun,一般用于名词前] limited in some way
有限度的；有保留的；有条件的
RELTD partial
•
The program was considered a qualified success. 这个节目被认为只取得了一定程度的成功。
•
Is it worth the money? The answer is a qualified yes. 它值这么多钱吗？答案是未必。
qualified approval/support
•
The proposal received qualified approval. 这个提议只得到有保留的赞同。
raise
MOVE HIGHER 移向高处
to move or lift something to a higher position, place, or level
举起；提起；抬起；使升高
THESAURUS lift
•
Can you raise the lamp so I can see? 你能把灯举高点好让我看清吗？
•
William raised his hat and smiled at her. 威廉抬一抬帽子，朝她笑了笑。
•
Raise your hand if you know the right answer. 知道正确答案的话，请举手。
2.
INCREASE 增加
to increase an amount, number, or level
增加，提高〔数量、数字或水平〕
OPP lower
THESAURUS increase
•
Many shops have raised their prices. 很多商店都提价了。
•
The university is working to raise the number of students from state schools. 这所大学正在努力增加公立学校学生的入学人数。
•
a campaign to raise awareness of meningitis 增强脑膜炎防治意识的活动
•
Dr Hayward intends to raise the museum’s profile (= make it more well-known ) . 海沃德博士想提高博物馆的知名度。
3.
COLLECT MONEY 筹钱
to collect money that you can use to do a particular job or help people
筹集；筹募
→ fundraising
•
The Trust hopes to raise $1 million to buy land. 这家信托机构希望能筹集到一百万美元购置土地。
•
They are raising funds to help needy youngsters. 他们正在筹款帮助贫困青少年。
•
a concert to raise money for charity 筹募善款的音乐会
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REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people usually say lift something up rather than raise something.,British English speakers usually say put up your hand rather than raise your hand .
在日常英国英语中，人们一般说 lift something up，而不说 raise something,讲英国英语的人一般说 put up your hand，而不说 raise your hand
•
Can you lift up the lamp a bit? 把灯抬起一点好吗？
•
Put your hand up if you know the right answer. 知道正确答案的话，请举手。
REGISTER 语体
In everyday British English, people usually say put up an amount, a price etc rather than raise it.
在日常英国英语中，提高数量、价格等人们一般用 put，而不用 raise
•
They’ve put the price of fuel up again. 他们再次调高了油价。
raise 2 n. [C ]
英
MEANINGS 义项
an increase in the money you earn
加薪
SYN rise BrE 【美】,【英】
rear
1. the rear formal the back part of an object, vehicle, or building, or a position at the back of an object or area 〔物体、车辆或建筑物的〕后部；〔物体或区域的〕后面 OPP front
at/to the rear (of sth) • a garden at the rear of the house 屋后的花园 • The hotel overlooks the river to the rear. 酒店后面俯视这条河。 in the rear (of sth) • a passenger travelling in the rear of a car 坐在汽车后部的乘客 2. [C] informal the part of your body which you sit on 屁股；臀部 SYN bottom 【非正式】
3. bring up the rear to be at the back of a line of people or in a race 落在队尾；居末；殿后 • Carole was left to bring up the rear. 卡萝尔被落在最后。 rear 2 v. 英 MEANINGS 义项
1.
[T] to look after a person or animal until they are fully grown
养育，抚养〔孩子〕；饲养〔动物〕
SYN raise
•
It’s a good place to rear young children. 这地方非常适合抚养小孩子成长。
•
The birds have been successfully reared in captivity. 这些鸟笼养成功。
2.
[I] if an animal rears, it rises up to stand on its back legs
〔动物〕用后腿直立起来
RELTD buck
•
The horse reared and threw me off. 那匹马扬起前蹄，把我摔了下来。
3.
[I] if something rears up, it appears in front of you and often seems to be leaning over you in a threatening way
赫然耸立
•
A large rock, almost 200 feet high, reared up in front of them. 一块近200英尺高的巨岩赫然耸立在他们面前。
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rear 3 adj. [only before noun 仅用于名词前]
英
MEANINGS 义项
at or near the back of something, especially a vehicle
〔尤指车辆〕后面的；后部的
OPP front
•
the rear door of the car 汽车的后门
•
Knock at the rear entrance. 敲后门。
resources
n. [计][环境] 资源；物力（resource的复数）
v. 向…提供资金（resource的第三人称单数）
