U2 L2: Performing Arts In The Present

Question 1

When did Thomas Edison invent the Phonograph and how did it impact the recording arts industry?

Answer 1

• 1877

- enabled mass distribution of recordings

Question 2

What are LP’s and when did they become popular?

Answer 2

• 1950s
• vinyl record that could store 2 min of music on each side
• 33 1/3 RPM

Question 3

What were the positive impacts of LP’s and what were it’s downsides?

Answer 3

P- many people can enjoy music

N-music ‘aficionados’ complained about quality

Question 4

What are 45s?

Answer 4

• small 7”vinyl record
• one song each side
• 45 RPM

Question 5

What are 8-track tapes and when did they come out?

Answer 5

• late 60s
• used magnetic tape loops
• holds up to 8 or 10 songs

(I’m not adding ‘to record and play’ in these so if the test does ask for it just remember what playback devices are generally used for)

Question 6

What are audio cassettes and how did they compare to 8-track tapes?

Answer 6

• used magnetic tape reel

- smaller and more reliable than 8-tracks

Question 7

What is a VCR tape and when was it made available to TV studios?

Answer 7

• video cassette recorder
• 1950s
• used for recording

Question 8

What was the downside of VCR tapes?

Answer 8

Too bulky for live broadcasts

Question 9

When did the first live TV broadcast happen?

Answer 9

Nov 24, 1963

Question 10

When did In-home VCR players become popular, and what was its impact?

Answer 10

• 1970s
• people can record own films
• made movies and performance arts popular

Question 11

What was the CCC and WPA focus on providing?

Answer 11

employment for performing arts

Question 12

When was the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA) made?

Answer 12

1965, by The United States Congress

Question 13

Why was the NEA created?

Answer 13

to support the economic impact performing arts had on the population

Question 14

What is the goal of the NEA ?

Answer 14

• nurture American creativity

- preserve artistic traditions of the country

Question 15

In the 70’s, how did wealthy patrons impact performing arts?

Answer 15

• donated money
• construction of more venues
• affordable live performances
• more productions made
• more job openings

Question 16

What are CDs, when were they introduced, and how did they compare to old formats?

Answer 16

• 1980s
• compact discs
• could be played on a computer
• replaced vinyl record, 8-track tapes and audio cassettes
• superior

Question 17

What are DVDs and when were they introduced?

Answer 17

• 1995
• Digital video discs
• became primary method for recording and playing live performances

Question 18

What was the impact of Cable TV on performing arts?

Answer 18

• access to many channels
• helped performing artists by increasing employment
• pioneered the idea of ‘on demand’ access

Question 19

What are two cable channels that are well-known for their exclusive presentations?

Answer 19

Showtime and Home Box Office (HBO)

Question 20

What was the impact of the Internet on performing arts?

Answer 20

unlimited opportunities for viewing performances

Question 21

In the 2002 study, conducted by the Rand Corporation, what did it find?

Answer 21

• recorded/ live broadcast performances were popular

- live performances were not

Question 22

With the advances in tech, how can performing artists make independent content?

Answer 22

• make music using computer software
• create CDs and CD artwork also using computer software
• can use digital keyboard to emulate instruments

Question 23

What is Stage It?

Answer 23

basically performers can have online live events with attendees who pay for a ticket and tip the artist

Question 24

What is crowdfunding?

Answer 24

method to get funding for a project with small donations from many people

Question 25

Generally, which is more stable, a behind the scenes or performing job?

Answer 25

Behind the scenes

If you are a performer reading this, this comes from my school’s lesson, I hold no intention of offending anyone :’)

Question 26

Is there no substitute for on-the-job experience and mentoring?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What are two examples of Crowdfunding sites? What are their fees?

Answer 27

Kickstarter and Indiegogo

3-5% fee of proceeds