U1L5: Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Two types of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 1

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 2

What are they composed of?

Answer 2

nucleotide monomers

Question 3

What are nucleotide monomers composed of?

Answer 3

A nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar (pentose), and a nitrogenous base

Question 4

What sugar is in DNA?

Answer 4

deoxyribose

Question 5

What sugar is in RNA?

Answer 5

ribose

Question 6

What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 6

adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine(G), and cytosine (C

Question 7

What nitrogenous base does RNA have that DNA doesn’t have?

Answer 7

RNA contains the same nitrogenous bases, except it has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

Question 8

What does a long strand of nucleotides makes up?

Answer 8

a nucleic acid polymer

Question 9

What are the two major interactions which make up the polymer in DNA?

Answer 9

• Phosphodiester bonds which make up the strands (backbone)
• hydrogen bonds which occur between nitrogenous bases to keep the double helix together

Question 10

What are the Pyrimidine bases?

Answer 10

(U, T, C) are single rings

Question 11

What are the Purine bases?

Answer 11

(A, G) are two-ringed

Question 12

What is another kind of nucleic acid?

Answer 12

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

What is ATP?

Answer 13

High energy bonds:

◦ second and third phosphate groups are attached by high energy covalent bonds

◦ special enzymes (ATPases) hydrolyze the 3rd high energy phosphate bond of ATP.

◦ ATP —> ADP + Pi + EnergyATP