U1L5: Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Two types of Nucleic Acids?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
What are they composed of?
nucleotide monomers
What are nucleotide monomers composed of?
A nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar (pentose), and a nitrogenous base
What sugar is in DNA?
deoxyribose
What sugar is in RNA?
ribose
What are the 4 types of nitrogenous bases?
adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine(G), and cytosine (C
What nitrogenous base does RNA have that DNA doesn’t have?
RNA contains the same nitrogenous bases, except it has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
What does a long strand of nucleotides makes up?
a nucleic acid polymer
What are the two major interactions which make up the polymer in DNA?
- Phosphodiester bonds which make up the strands (backbone)
- hydrogen bonds which occur between nitrogenous bases to keep the double helix together
What are the Pyrimidine bases?
(U, T, C) are single rings
What are the Purine bases?
(A, G) are two-ringed
What is another kind of nucleic acid?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
What is ATP?
High energy bonds:
◦ second and third phosphate groups are attached by high energy covalent bonds
◦ special enzymes (ATPases) hydrolyze the 3rd high energy phosphate bond of ATP.
◦ ATP —> ADP + Pi + EnergyATP
