U1L4: Lipids

Question 1

What are the characteristics of lipids?

Answer 1

• Contain C, H and O (like carbs) but have fewer O atoms
• Due to the amnt of C-H bonds, they are hydrophobic and nonpolar

Question 2

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 2

• they store energy
• insulation
• Provide protection and have functions in the cell membrane

Question 3

What are fatty acid (think composition)

Answer 3

A chain of 4-24 carbon atoms

Question 4

Saturated fats?

Answer 4

• Carbon atoms saturated w/hydrogens
• Straight linear structure
• Solid @ room temp.
• Unhealthy bcuz increases cholesterol

Question 5

Unsaturated fats?

Answer 5

• Contain C=C bonds that could bond more hydrogens
• Have bent structures
• Liquid @ room temp

Question 6

What are triglycerides? (think comp.)

Answer 6

Composed of 1 glycerol molecules and 3 fatty acids

Question 7

Ester linkage?

Answer 7

The bond between the hydroxyl group on the glycerol molecule and the carboxyl group on the fatty acid

Question 8

triglyceride synthesis?

Answer 8

1 glycerol molecule bonded to 3 fatty acids by dehydration synthesis

Question 9

What are phospholipids?

Answer 9

• The lipids that make up the cell membrane
• composed of fatty acid tails, a glycerol molecule, a phosphate functional group, and an “R” group (diff atoms)
• The ‘head’ (phosphate n “R” group) of the phospholipid is polar and hydrophilic
• The ‘tail’ (fatty acids) are nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 10

What are the other kinds of lipids?

Answer 10

• Steroids: made of 4 carbon rings (ex: cholesterol)
• Waxes: made of long carbon chains (ex: beewax, earwax, etc)