U1L3: Carbs

Question 1

What are polymers/monomers?

Answer 1

Chains composed of repeating units of smaller molecules held by covalent bonds (these smaller molecules are called monomers).

Question 2

What are the characteristics of carbs?

Answer 2

• Contain C, H and O w/a general formula of (CH2O)n
• Contain a high # of OH groups making them polar and dissolvable in water

Question 3

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 3

Mono - one, saccharide - sugar

(glucose, galactose, fructose)

Question 4

What are isomers?

Answer 4

Same molecular formula, different structural arrangements (C6H12O6).

Question 5

What are alpha and beta links?

Answer 5

• The OH on C1 can be formed on the top or bottom during glucose formation in photosynthesis.
• Alpha: on bottom
• Beta: on top

Question 6

What are disaccharides + glycosidic bond types?

Answer 6

Two monosaccharides joined tg by a covalent bond (called a GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE)

1) Glucose + fructose –> sucrose

2) Glucose + Glucose –> Maltose

3) Glucose + galactose –> Lactose

Question 7

What is the dehydration synthesis of a disaccharide?

Answer 7

• type of reaction in which water is produced as a by-product
• C-O-C bond formed (glycosidic bond)

Question 8

What is hydrolysis of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Answer 8

• When water is added to a polysaccharide (ex: starch) which breaks it apart into disaccharides.

Question 9

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 9

Many monosaccharides joined tg by a glycosidic linkages.

• EX: starch, cellulose (gives plants structure), chitin, glycogen (energy storage polysaccharide produced by animals)