U1L2: Eukaryotic Organelles

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Transmission and storage of DNA, also where proteins are synthesized. DNA Is wrapped in protein to form chromosome’s, and in non-dividing cells in the form of chromatin.

Question 2

What are the four parts of the nucleus and there functions?

Answer 2

1) Nucleolus: Site of ribosome production.
2) Nuclear matrix: proteins that give the nucleus support and structure.
3) Nucleoplasm: Fluid inside
4) Nuclear pore complex: Pores in the nuclear membrane that let small molecules in and out.

Question 3

What are the two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

1) Rough ER: Studded in ribosomes. Where proteins are produced using genetic info from nucleus.
2) Smooth ER: Not studded in ribosomes. Where lipids are produced (phospholipids, estrogen, testosterone)

Question 4

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

Rough ER sends proteins to golgi apparatus. Proteins get modified and sent out to cell compartments, outside of cell, in membrane using vesicles.

Question 5

What is the endomembrane transport system?

Answer 5

1) Proteins are produced in the rough ER and reside in the leumen until sent to golgi.
2) vesicles transport proteins to golgi where modifications are made and then vesicles transfer proteins to diff cell destinations.

Question 6

What are lysosomes?

Answer 6

Cell stomaches - contain acidic fluid and digestive enzymes that break down worn up organelles, bacteria, etc.

Question 7

What are chloroplasts? What do they contain?

Answer 7

Composed of photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll that converts light energy to co2, h2o and sugar. The internal structure of the chloroplast contains liquid stroma, and flattened disks called “thylakoids”. A series of thylakoids is called a granum.

Question 8

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 8

Mitochondria takes high energy organic molecules like glucose and break them down to produce ATP energy for the cell.

Question 9

What does the mitochondria contain?

Answer 9

It has a double layer. Inner layer is called the cristea. The fluid inside the cristea is known as the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 10

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

A series of protein fibers in the cytoplasm that give the cell structure and anchor the organelles.

Question 11

What are the different examples of fibers?

Answer 11

1) Microtubules (give structure + help in cell division)
2) Intermediate filaments (give structure + anchor organelles)
3) microfilaments (give structure + help cell cleave during cell division)