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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 2 > Typical Lumbar Spine: L1-L4 > Flashcards

Typical Lumbar Spine: L1-L4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the generic size of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

transversely broad

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2
Q

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

reniform or kidney-shaped

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3
Q

What is the appearance of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

anterior height is greater than posterior height by a few millimeters

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4
Q

What characteristics of the L1-L4 vertebral body may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment? Be specific and complete as to the differences on a segment from each group.

A
  • On cranial view, the lateral surface of the pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment.
  • At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle, and lamina-pedicle region.
  • In addition, the vertebral body of L5 is more wedge-shaped on lateral view with a much greater anterior height than posterior height.
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5
Q

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features?

A

anterior (lordotic)

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6
Q

What is the appearance of the intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine?

A

greater anterior height than posterior height

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7
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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8
Q

What is the direction of the normal lumbar curve?

A

anterior (lordotic)

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9
Q

What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

A
  • decrease in height

- increase in circumference

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10
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present at the typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

none

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11
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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12
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior longitudinal lig.?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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13
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior longitudinal lig.?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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14
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

4

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15
Q

Identify the fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces on a typical lumbar vertebral body.

A
  • superior and inferior anterior longitudinal lig. attachment sites
  • superior and inferior posterior longitudinal lig. attachment sites
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16
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

6

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17
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

2

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18
Q

What joint classifications will be observed at the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

- fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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19
Q

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A
  • psoas major

- psoas minor

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20
Q

What muscles may attach to the first lumbar vertebral body?

A
  • psoas major

- psoas minor

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21
Q

What muscle may attach from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major

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22
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

A

T12 and L1

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23
Q

What is the name given to lig. that attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal lig.

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24
Q

What are the types of transforaminal lig.?

A
  • superior transforaminal
  • middle transforaminal
  • inferior transforaminal
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25
Q

What are the attachment sites of the superior transforaminal lig. at the L1-L2 intervertebral foramen?

A
  • L1 vertebral body

- inferior articular process of L2

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26
Q

What are the attachment sites of the middle transforaminal lig. at the L1-L2 intervertebral foramen?

A
  • intervertebral disc

- inferior articular process of L1

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27
Q

What are the attachment sites of the inferior transforaminal lig. at the L1-L2 intervertebral foramen?

A
  • L2 vertebral body

- superior articular process of L1

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28
Q

What lig. attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse lig.

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29
Q

What corporotransverse lig. are identified?

A
  • superior corporotransverse

- inferior corporotransverse

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30
Q

What are the attachment sites of the superior corporotransverse lig. at the L1-L2 intervertebral foramen?

A
  • L1 vertebral body
  • L1-L2 intervertebral disc
  • transverse process of L2
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31
Q

What are the attachment sites of the inferior corporotransverse lig. at the L1-L2 intervertebral foramen?

A
  • L2 vertebral body
  • L2-L3 intervertebral disc
  • transverse process of L2
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32
Q

What names identify lig. that attach the dura mater to the vertebral body or pedicle?

A
  • Hofmann lig.
  • meningeovertebral
  • anterior dural
  • Trolard’s
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33
Q

What are the types of Hofmann lig.?

A
  • anterior Hofmann
  • posterior Hofmann
  • lateral Hofmann
  • proximal root sleeve
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34
Q

Hofmann lig. are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

A
  • cervical - upper thoracic

- lumbar

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35
Q

Cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann lig. will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to segments above

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36
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann lig.?

A

C6

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37
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann lig.?

A
  • resist caudal movement of the dural sac

- resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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38
Q

Lumbar Hofmann lig. will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to lower segmental levels

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39
Q

What is the proposed function of lumbar Hofmann lig.?

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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40
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve?

A

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

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41
Q

What is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar?

A

posterior

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42
Q

The pedicle attaches at what location on vertebral body of a typical lumbar?

A

to the upper third or half of the vertebral body

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43
Q

What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

A

superior vertebral notch

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44
Q

What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle?

A

inferior vertebral notch

45
Q

Which indentation on the pedicle will be more prominent?

A

inferior vertebral notch

46
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the superior vertebral notch of L2?

A

L1 spinal nerve

47
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the inferior vertebral notch of L2?

A

L2 spinal nerve

48
Q

What is the direction of projection of the lumbar lamina?

A

posteromedian

49
Q

What is the description of the lumbar lamina?

A
  • short from medial to lateral
  • broad from superior to inferior
  • thick from anterior to posterior
50
Q

What lig. attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar?

A

ligamentum flavum

51
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum attachment?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

52
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum attachment site on the lamina results in what feature?

A

para-articular process

53
Q

What is the name given to the condition of overlap of the laminae?

A

shingling

54
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

A
  • overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes

- overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

55
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A

triangular

56
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?

A

transverse

57
Q

How does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine?

A

cervicals > lumbars > thoracics

58
Q

What part of the CNS is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

59
Q

What part of the PNS is present in the lumbar spine?

A

the cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

60
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process?

A

Each TVP is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3. L4 then begins to decrease in length.

61
Q

What is the distal modification of the TVP of typical lumbars?

A

transverse tubercle

62
Q

What is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar TVP?

A

accessory process

63
Q

Congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process results in what feature? What is it’s frequency?

A
  • styloid process

- 7%

64
Q

What parts of the lumbar transverse are homologous to the cervical TVP parts?

A
  • L transverse tubercle = C anterior tubercle
  • L accessory process = C posterior tubercle
  • L transverse process origin = C true transverse process
  • L transverse process = C costal element
65
Q

What osseous part of a cervical TVP is lacking at the lumbar TVP?

A

costotransverse bar

66
Q

What lig. will attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A

mammillo-accessory lig.

67
Q

What parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory lig.?

A

mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

68
Q

What was believed to the entrapped by the mammillo-accessory lig.?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve.

69
Q

What is the joint classification of the mammillo-accessory lig.?

A

none since it attaches parts of the same vertebra

70
Q

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A
  • longissimus thoracis

- intertransversarii

71
Q

What lig. attaches the neck of the 12th rib to the TVP of L1?

A

lumbocostal lig.

72
Q

What is the joint classification for the lumbocostal lig. and its attachment?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

73
Q

What muscles may attach to the TVP of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A
  • psoas major
  • quadratus lumborum
  • longissimus thoracis
  • rotator brevis
  • rotator longus
  • intertransversarii
74
Q

Which of the erector spinae muscles attach to the TVP of a typical lumbar?

A

longissimus

75
Q

Which of the transversospinalis muscle groups attach to the typical lumbar TVP?

A

rotators

76
Q

What lig. attach to the TVP of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A
  • lumbocostal
  • mammillo-accessory
  • intertransverse
77
Q

What joint classifications are present at the TVP of a typical lumbar?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

78
Q

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of a typical lumbar?

A

pars interarticularis

79
Q

What is the name of the prominent linear elevation in the lumbar spine between superior and inferior articular processes?

A

pars interarticularis

80
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

A
  • zygapophysis
  • lamina
  • spinous process
81
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A
  • vertebral body

- pedicle

82
Q

What is the position of the pars interarticularis relative to the aophyseal regions of a typical lumbar?

A

lateral to the spinous process, medial to the TVP, in between the articular processes

83
Q

What is characteristic of the L1-L4 articular processes?

A

The transverse diameter of superior articular processes of an L1-L4 segment will be greater than the transverse diameter of the inferior articular processes of that same segment.

84
Q

What is the reported angulation of typical lumbar articular facets?

A

they lie in the vertical plane

85
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A
  • backward, upward, medial (BUM)

- typically concave

86
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A
  • forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

- significant convexity

87
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

A

mammillary process

88
Q

What muscles will attach to lumbar superior articular processes?

A
  • multifidis

- intertransversarii

89
Q

What muscles will attach to the mammillary process?

A
  • multifidis

- intertransversarii

90
Q

What lig. will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and TVP?

A

mammillo-accessory

91
Q

What additional lig. are said to attach to lumbar articular processes?

A

transforaminal lig.

92
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

93
Q

How many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar?

A

4

94
Q

Identify the synovial joints present on a typical lumbar.

A
  • two superior articular facets

- two inferior articular facets

95
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children?

A

lies in the coronal plane

96
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

A
  • lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3, and L3/L4

- lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

97
Q

What name is given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

A

joint symmetry

98
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other lies in the sagittal plane or position?

A

joint asymmetry or joint tropism

99
Q

What is the usual condition for typical lumbar spinous processes?

A

they are non-bifid

100
Q

What is the usual appearance of the typical lumbar spinous process?

A

rectangular with the long axis in the superior-inferior orientation

101
Q

What is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process?

A

spinous tubercle

102
Q

What are the names of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

103
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • longissimus thoracis
  • spinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • interspinalis
104
Q

What muscles from the five layers of the true back are present in the lumbar spine?

A
  • layer 1: latissimus dorsi
  • layer 2: none
  • layer 3: serratus posterior inferior
  • layer 4: erector spinae
  • layer 5: transversospinalis
105
Q

Which is the only region of the spine where all erector spinae muscle groups will have an attachment to the spinous process?

A

lumbar spine

106
Q

Which transversospinalis muscles will b present at the spinous process of a typical lumbar?

A
  • multifidis

- rotators

107
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle will be absent at the spinous process of a typical lumbar?

A

semispinalis

108
Q

Which muscle attached to the spinous process of typical lumbar vertebrae would not be considered part of any layer of the true back?

A

interspinalis

109
Q

What lig. will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A
  • interspinous

- supraspinous

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 2 (28 decks)

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