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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 2 > Atypical Thoracic: T12 > Flashcards

Atypical Thoracic: T12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the height pattern of the T12 vertebral body?

A

the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

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2
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of T12 on superior view?

A

kidney-shaped or reniform

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3
Q

What joints are identified at the vertebral body of T12?

A
  • vertebral body to the longitudinal ligs. at the epiphyseal rims
  • vertebral body to vertebral body via the intervertebral discs
  • vertebral body to head of a rib (costocentral joint)
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4
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of T12?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
  • synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
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5
Q

What are the examples of fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joints at the T12 vertebral body?

A

superior and inferior epiphyseal rims to longitudinal ligaments

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6
Q

What are the examples of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joints at the T12 vertebral body?

A

superior and inferior epiphyseal rims to intervertebral disc

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7
Q

What are the examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joints at the T12 vertebral body?

A

superior costal facet to articular surface of the rib head (left and right)

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8
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

2

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9
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

2

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10
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

typically 4 are identified (as many as 6 if the costocentral stellate/radiate lig. are included)

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11
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

typically 8 (10 if the costocentral stellate/radiate lig. are included)

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12
Q

How many costocentral joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T12?

A

2

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13
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of T12?

A

right and left superior costal facets

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14
Q

What is the relationship between the vertebral body surface and the rib head surface for the costocentral joint of T12?

A

the superior costal facet of T12 will joint with the articular surface of the head of the 12th rib

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15
Q

How does the superior costal facet compare with those of T11?

A
  • it is larger
  • below the superior epiphyseal rim
  • it is completely circular
  • often shared with the pedicle margin
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16
Q

What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen at T12?

A

costocentral joint or ribs

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17
Q

Which rib-vertebral body combination is typically present at the intervertebral foramen for the eleventh thoracic nerve?

A

the superior costal facet of T12 will joint with the articular surface of the head of the 12th rib at the margin of the intervertebral foramen

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18
Q

Which rib-vertebral body combination is typically present at the intervertebral foramen for the twelfth thoracic nerve?

A

the superior costal facet of T12 will joint with the articular surface of the head of the 12th rib above the intervertebral foramen

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19
Q

The costocentral stellate/radiate lig. will attach to what features?

A
  • head of 12th rib
  • vertebral bodies of T11 and T12
  • intervertebral disc at the costocentral joint for the 12th rib
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20
Q

How many costocentral stellate/radiate lig. attach to the vertebral body of segments T1-T11?

A

four: 2 superior and 2 inferior

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21
Q

Which segment will be the last one to demonstrate a superior and an inferior costocentral stellate/radiate lig. attachment?

A

vertebral body of T11

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22
Q

How many costocentral stellate/radiate lig. attach to T12?

A

two: a right and left superior

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23
Q

Which lig. of the costocentral joint is absent for the 12th rib?

A

costocentral interarticular or intra-articular

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24
Q

Which muscles are attached to the vertebral body of T12?

A
  • psoas major

- psoas minor

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25
Q

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the vertebral body at T12?

A

the pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior

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26
Q

What is present at the transverse process region of T12?

A

three tubercles of variable size

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27
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?

A

lateral tubercle

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28
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process of lumbars?

A

superior tubercle

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29
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?

A

inferior tubercle

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30
Q

What is the location of the lateral tubercle?

A

it projects laterally from the pars interarticularis of T12

31
Q

What is the location of the superior tubercle?

A

it projects superiorly over the superior articular facet from the pars interarticularis of T12

32
Q

What is the location of the inferior tubercle?

A

it projects from the pars interarticularis of T12 in a plane that is inferior to the superior tubercle and medial to the lateral tubercle

33
Q

Which is the smallest of the tubercles at the transverse process region of T12?

A

inferior tubercle

34
Q

What joint surface of the typical thoracic transverse process is absent on T12?

A

transverse costal facet

35
Q

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of T12?

A
  • superior costotransverse lig. from T11

- lumbocostal lig. from L1

36
Q

What lig. is said to attach to the transverse process of T12?

A

intertransverse lig.

37
Q

Which costotransverse lig. are attached at T12?

A

none

38
Q

What is the joint classification associated with the intertransverse lig.?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

39
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?

A
  • longissimus thoracis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • intertransversarii
40
Q

Which erector spinae muscle attaches to the transverse process region of T12?

A

longissimus

41
Q

Which erector spinae muscles will not attach to the transverse process region of T12?

A
  • spinalis

- iliocostalis

42
Q

Which muscles attaching to the transverse process region of T12 are examples of the transversospinalis group?

A
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
43
Q

Which rib-associated muscle is absent at the transverse process region of T12?

A

levator costarum

44
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum brevis attachment?

A

T11

45
Q

Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum longus attachment?

A

T10

46
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T12?

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

47
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?

A

forward, downward, and lateral (FoLD)

48
Q

What is the curvature of the superior articular facets of T12?

A

slightly concave

49
Q

What is the curvature of the inferior articular facets of T12?

A

slightly convex

50
Q

How may synovial joints are typically present at T12?

A

6

51
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T12.

A
  • two superior costal facets
  • two superior articular facets
  • two inferior articular facets
52
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are typically present on T12?

A

2

53
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces for ribs that are typically present on T12.

A

two superior costal facets

54
Q

Which rib-related facets are absent on T12?

A
  • inferior costal demi-facets

- transverse costal facets

55
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process of T12?

A

posterior and horizontal

56
Q

What is the length of the spinous process of T12?

A

it is similar to the spinous process of T11

57
Q

What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T12?

A

lumbar-like, similar in length to T11

58
Q

What ligaments attach to the spinous process of T12?

A
  • interspinous lig.

- supraspinous lig.

59
Q

What joint classification is associated with lig. attaching to the T12 spinous process?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

60
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • spinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • interspinalis
61
Q

Which erector spinae muscles will attach to the spinous process of T12?

A
  • spinalis

- iliocostalis

62
Q

Which erector spinae muscles will not attach to the spinous process of T12?

A

longissimus

63
Q

Which transversospinalis muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?

A
  • multifidis

- rotators

64
Q

Which of the muscles of the 5 layers of the true back are present at the T12 spinous process?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • spinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
65
Q

Which of the erector spinae muscle groups is absent at the T12 spinous process?

A

longissimus

66
Q

Which of the transversospinalis muscle groups is absent at the T12 spinous process?

A

semispinalis

67
Q

Which of the muscle layers of the true back are represented at the T12 spinous process?

A

layers 1, 3, 4, and 5

68
Q

Which of the muscle layers of the true back is absent at the T12 spinous process?

A

layer 2

69
Q

Which muscles attaching to the spinous process of T12 are not included in any muscle layer of the true back?

A

interspinalis

70
Q

What joint classifications are present at T12?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
  • synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
71
Q

At what parts of T12 will the fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint be observed?

A
  • vertebral body
  • lamina
  • transverse process
  • spinous process
72
Q

At what part of T12 will the cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint be observed?

A

vertebral body

73
Q

At what parts of T12 will the synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint be observed?

A
  • vertebral body

- articular process

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 2 (28 decks)

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