Spondylolysis Flashcards
What are some of the causes of spondylolysis?
- congenital
- acquired during development
- the result of aging
- the result of trauma
What are some locations of spondylolysis?
- between the right and left sides of the vertebral body
- between the vertebral body and pedicle
- between the parts of the pars interarticularis
- between the right and left lamina
What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal?
a separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)
What parts of a vertebra are separated as a result of a pars defect?
the anterior element from the posterior element
What specific parts of a vertebra are separated as a result of a pars defect?
vertebral body, pedicle, and articular process (anterior elements) are separated from the other articular process, lamina, and spinous process (posterior elements)
What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?
a range of 2.6% to 10%
What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the native Alaskan population?
52.6%
Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?
- fetuses
- newborns
- rarely in children under 5 years old
- patients who have never walked
- in non-erect species
Lumbar spondylolysis has only been reported in what type of species?
those species that walk erect; humans
Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?
- familial association
- spina bifida occulta
- racial/ethnic disparities
- gender and locational bias
- youthful incidence
- activities requiring repetitive stress on the spine
What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
- men at L5/S1
- women at L4/L5
What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
10-20 years old
What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?
- gymnastics
- dance
- soccer
What motions are particularly associated with lumbar spondylolysis?
hyperextension coupled with rotation
What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?
fibrocartilagenous material
What name has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?
spondylolysis lig.
What types of neural functions have been associated with the spondylolysis lig.?
- nociception
- neuromodulation
- autonomic function
What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?
a Scotty dog
What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?
a collared Scotty dog
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the neck of a Scotty dog?
the pars interarticularis below the superior articular process
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?
the pedicle
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?
the superior articular process
What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?
the transverse process
What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?
- rare
- congenital
- gender biased toward men
- most common at C6
- linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida
What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?
- rare in the general population
- within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population
- seems to be acquired
- gender biased toward men
- most common at S1
- linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning