Typhoid Fever

Question 1

What are the sx of Typhoid Fever?

Answer 1

Abdominal pain , diarrhea, constipation

Question 2

What is the pathogenesis of Typhoid Fever?

Answer 2

Ingested bacteria are taken up by Peyer’s Patches, They then move to the lymph nodes, blood, liver, spleen and bone marrow.

Question 3

How many typhoid bacteria are needed to cause an infection?

Answer 3

1,000 to 1,000,000

Question 4

What are the antigens of the typhoid bacteria?

Answer 4

Cell Wall LPS 0,9 and 12

Capsular Polysaccharide Vi

Question 5

What assists in identifying susceptibility?

Answer 5

HLA-DR
HLA-DQ
TNF alpha

Question 6

How is the host protected from the Typhoid bacteria?

Answer 6

Macrophages
Antibodies
CD4 lymphocytes

Question 7

What vaccines are available for Typhoid Fever?

Answer 7

2 Parenteral Vaccines- Heat and phenol inactivated
VICPS-1 dose q 2 yrs. reduced response in kids under 5 yrs
VICPS-rEPA- conjugated with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa works well in kids
Oral Vaccine- TY21a- 4 doses over 7 days q 5 yrs