Leptospirosis Flashcards
What is the most widespread Zoonosis?
Leptospirosis. In is more prevalent in warmer, wet climates.
What types of hosts exist for this infection?
Rats Mice Dairy Cows Sheep Pigs Dogs Humans
How is the disease contracted?
Non intact skin, mucous membranes, immersion in contaminated water and bites
What occupations are at risk for acquiring the infection?
Farmers Vets Soldiers Meat inspectors Abbatoir Workers Sewer Workers Kayakers Participants in Triathalons Those exposed to contaminated water, heavy rains and flooding
What is the incubation period of Leptospirosis?
2 to 30 days ( usually 5 to 14 days)
What percentage of those infected get a severe illness?
10%
What are the sx of this illness?
Flu like illness with conjunctival suffusion and rash
What are the complications?
Vasculitis resulting in Interstitial Nephritis and Myonecrosis Aseptic Meningitis Myocarditis AKD Jaundice Pulmonary Hemorrhage Refractory Shock Fetal Death Reactive Arthritis Cranial Nerve Palsies CVA
What is meant by saying the disease is biphasic?
2 Phases:
Septic Phase- week 1
Immune Phase- week 2Antibody production with Interstitial Nephritis, Leptospores in Urine, Severe HA with photophobia, aseptic meningitis
With icterus is the liver necrosed?
No.
What is Weil’s Disease?
Liver and Kidney associated with elevated amylase and low platelets.
How is the disease diagnosed?
Darkfiled Exam- low sensitivity and specificity
Culture= needs special media- < 50% sensitive
Rapid IgM ELISA/EIA- done 3 to 4 days post onset on serum- most sensitive
What is the treatment of this disease?
PCN
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
FQ
Doxycycline, Amoxil, Ampicillin, Erythromycin used for less severe cases
What is used for prophylaxis for this disease?
Doxy 200 mg per week. No alternatives,
Barrier methods- gloves, boots
