Types Of Wounds

Question 1

Incision

Answer 1

Cutting or sharp instrument; wound edges in close approximation and aligned

Question 2

Contusion

Answer 2

Blunt instrument, overlying skin remains intact, with injury to underlying soft tissue; possible resultant bruising and/or hematoma

Question 3

Abrasion

Answer 3

Friction; rubbing or scraping epidermal layers of skin; top layer of skin abraded

Question 4

Laceration

Answer 4

Tearing of skin and tissue with blunt or irregular instrument; tissue not aligned, often with loose flaps of skin and tissue

Question 5

Puncture

Answer 5

Blunt or sharp instrument puncturing the skin; intentional (venipuncture) or accidental

Question 6

Penetrating

Answer 6

Foreign object entering the skin or mucous membrane and lodging in underlying tissue; fragments possibly scattering throughout tissues

Question 7

Avulsion

Answer 7

Tearing a structure from normal anatomical position; possible damage to blood vessels, nerves, and other structures

Question 8

Chemical

Answer 8

Toxic agents such as drugs, acids, alcohols, metals, and substances released from cellular necrosis

Question 9

Thermal

Answer 9

High or low temps; cellular necrosis as a possible result

Question 10

Irradiation

Answer 10

UV or radiation exposure

Question 11

Pressure ulcers

Answer 11

Compromised circulation secondary to pressure or pressure combined with friction

Question 12

Venous ulcers

Answer 12

Injury and poor venous return, resulting from underlying conditions, such as incompetent valves or obstruction

Question 13

Arterial ulcers

Answer 13

Injury and underlying ischemia, resulting from underlying conditions, such as atherosclerosis or thrombosis

Question 14

Diabetic ulcers

Answer 14

Injury and underlying diabetic neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, diabetic foot structure

Question 15

Examples of transparent film dressing

Answer 15

Tegaderm, BIOCLUSIVE, Clearsite, DermaView, Suresite

Question 16

Purpose of Transparent film dressing

Answer 16

Allow exchange of O2 between wound & environment
Self-adhesive
Waterproof
Maintain moist wound environment
No absorption of drainage
Allow visualization of wound

Question 17

Primary use(s) of transparent film dressing

Answer 17

Secure IVs, nasal cannulas, chest tube dressing, central venous access devices
Wounds that are small, partial thickness
4-7 days
Stage 1 pressure injuries
Wounds with minimal drainage
Cover dressings for gels, foams, and gauze

Question 18

Examples of hydrocolloid dressings

Answer 18

Comfeel, DuoDERM, exuderm, primatologist, ultec

Question 19

Purpose of hydrocolloid dressings

Answer 19

Occlusive/semiocclusive; limit exchange of O2 between wound & environment
Outer layer seals and protects the wound from contamination
Minimal to moderate absorption of drainage
Maintain moist wound environment
Thermal insulation
Cushioning
3-7 days

Question 20

Use(s) of hydrocolloid dressings

Answer 20

Partial/full-thickness wounds
Stage 2, 3 pressure injuries
Prevention at high-risk friction areas
Light to moderate drainage 
Wounds with necrosis or slough
1st/2nd degree burns
Not for use with wounds that are infected

Question 21

Hemostasis

Answer 21

The stopping of a flow of blood

Occurs immediately after the initial injury
Allows plasma and blood components to leak out into the area that is injured forming exudate

Question 22

Inflammatory phase

Answer 22

Follows hemostasis and lasts about 2-3 days
WBCs (leukocytes) & macrophages move to wound and ingest bacteria and cellular debris
Release of growth factors
Acute inflammation
Generalized body response (mildly elevated temp, general malaise, leukocytosis)

Question 23

Proliferation phase

Answer 23

AKA fibroblastic, regenerative, or CT phase

Lasts for several weeks
New tissue built to fill wound space
Granulation tissue forms foundation for scar tissue development

Question 24

Maturation phase

Answer 24

Begins 3 weeks after injury

Collagen continues to be deposited

Question 25

Desiccation

Answer 25

Dehydration

Question 26

Maceration

Answer 26

Overhydration

Question 27

Biofilm

Answer 27

A thick grouping of microorganisms