Types Of Wounds Flashcards
Incision
Cutting or sharp instrument; wound edges in close approximation and aligned
Contusion
Blunt instrument, overlying skin remains intact, with injury to underlying soft tissue; possible resultant bruising and/or hematoma
Abrasion
Friction; rubbing or scraping epidermal layers of skin; top layer of skin abraded
Laceration
Tearing of skin and tissue with blunt or irregular instrument; tissue not aligned, often with loose flaps of skin and tissue
Puncture
Blunt or sharp instrument puncturing the skin; intentional (venipuncture) or accidental
Penetrating
Foreign object entering the skin or mucous membrane and lodging in underlying tissue; fragments possibly scattering throughout tissues
Avulsion
Tearing a structure from normal anatomical position; possible damage to blood vessels, nerves, and other structures
Chemical
Toxic agents such as drugs, acids, alcohols, metals, and substances released from cellular necrosis
Thermal
High or low temps; cellular necrosis as a possible result
Irradiation
UV or radiation exposure
Pressure ulcers
Compromised circulation secondary to pressure or pressure combined with friction
Venous ulcers
Injury and poor venous return, resulting from underlying conditions, such as incompetent valves or obstruction
Arterial ulcers
Injury and underlying ischemia, resulting from underlying conditions, such as atherosclerosis or thrombosis
Diabetic ulcers
Injury and underlying diabetic neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, diabetic foot structure
Examples of transparent film dressing
Tegaderm, BIOCLUSIVE, Clearsite, DermaView, Suresite
Purpose of Transparent film dressing
Allow exchange of O2 between wound & environment Self-adhesive Waterproof Maintain moist wound environment No absorption of drainage Allow visualization of wound
Primary use(s) of transparent film dressing
Secure IVs, nasal cannulas, chest tube dressing, central venous access devices
Wounds that are small, partial thickness
4-7 days
Stage 1 pressure injuries
Wounds with minimal drainage
Cover dressings for gels, foams, and gauze
Examples of hydrocolloid dressings
Comfeel, DuoDERM, exuderm, primatologist, ultec
Purpose of hydrocolloid dressings
Occlusive/semiocclusive; limit exchange of O2 between wound & environment
Outer layer seals and protects the wound from contamination
Minimal to moderate absorption of drainage
Maintain moist wound environment
Thermal insulation
Cushioning
3-7 days
Use(s) of hydrocolloid dressings
Partial/full-thickness wounds Stage 2, 3 pressure injuries Prevention at high-risk friction areas Light to moderate drainage Wounds with necrosis or slough 1st/2nd degree burns Not for use with wounds that are infected
Hemostasis
The stopping of a flow of blood
Occurs immediately after the initial injury
Allows plasma and blood components to leak out into the area that is injured forming exudate
Inflammatory phase
Follows hemostasis and lasts about 2-3 days
WBCs (leukocytes) & macrophages move to wound and ingest bacteria and cellular debris
Release of growth factors
Acute inflammation
Generalized body response (mildly elevated temp, general malaise, leukocytosis)
Proliferation phase
AKA fibroblastic, regenerative, or CT phase
Lasts for several weeks
New tissue built to fill wound space
Granulation tissue forms foundation for scar tissue development
Maturation phase
Begins 3 weeks after injury
Collagen continues to be deposited
Desiccation
Dehydration
Maceration
Overhydration
Biofilm
A thick grouping of microorganisms
