Nutrition Flashcards
Goal of Healthy People 2020
Promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through the consumption of healthful diets and achievement and maintenance of healthy body weights
What are the six essential nutrients?
Minerals Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Water Proteins
Why are proteins so important?
Good for healing body, wounds & cellular repair
What is the recommended amount of fat?
6g daily
Insoluble in water & blood
What is an LDL?
Low density lipid
Consists of animal fat
Keep it low!
What is a HDL?
High density lipid Vegetable fat (olive oil)
Keep high >60
What is the recommended LDL + HDL amount?
<200 ideally
Not necessarily split evenly
What are fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A, D, E, and K
Stored in fat & excreted at different rates
Which vitamins are excreted daily?
Vitamin C, all B vitamins, and zinc
Examples of Vitamin A
AKA retinol & beta carotene
carrots, squash (orange vegetables)
Vitamin A toxicity causes what?
Liver failure
Recommended daily water consumption
2-3 L
Ideal Body Weight
F: 100 lb (for height of 5 ft)
+5 lb for each additional inch over 5 ft
M: 106 lb (for height of 5 ft)
+6 lb for each additional inch over 5 ft
Body Mass Index (BMI)
[(Weight in lbs)/(height in inches)^2] x (703)
OR
(Weight in kg)/(height in m)^2
Normal BMI
BMI between 18.5 to 25
Normal weight
Average BMI
BMI between 25 to 30
Overweight
Important BMI
BMI between 30 to 40
Obesity
Severe BMI
BMI 40+
Morbid obesity
BMI children
Utilize trends; not considered obese until height/weight is 95th percentile
Consider growth spurts
Ideal waist measurement
<40
Factors affecting basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Muscle tone Activity Age Heredity Psychological Temperature regulation
Factors affecting food habits
Physical
Physiologic
Sociocultural
Psychosocial
Methods of nutritional assessments
Physical assessment Anthropometric tools Clinical values Food intake assess Nursing interventions
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Provides daily nutrition via IV (large; PEG or central line)
What is cachectic?
Patient looks emaciated & hard to measure
continued nursing assessments for weight gain
Like daily weights, lab values, I&O, dietary preference/consult, encourage snacks, 2 trays per meal, and appetite stimulant (marinol, anti-depressant)
NPO diet
Nothing by mouth
Clear fluid diet
Foods that are liquid at room temp and can see through
i.e. popsicles, chicken broth, apple juice, jello
Puréed/soft diet
All foods swallowable, puréed
Used for patients that have trouble swallowing
Liquid diet
All nutrition in liquid form
*easier to thicken liquid to swallow than reg liquid
Low residue diet
Foods that don’t irritate GI, low in fiber
Skins of veggies, no seeds/nuts
Renal diet
Fluid restricted diet, low protein
Cultural assimilation
Process that occurs when a minority group, living as part of a dominant group within a culture, loses the cultural characteristics that made it different
Cultural blindness
The process of ignoring differences in people and proceeding as though the differences do not exist
Cultural imposition
Tendency of some to impose their beliefs, practices, and values on another culture because they believe that their ideas are superior to those of another person or group
Ethnocentrism
Belief that one’s own ideas, beliefs, and practices are best, superior, or most preferred to those of others; using one’s cultural norms as the standard to evaluate other’s beliefs
Stereotyping
Assigning characteristics to a group of people without considering specific individuality
