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Exam 3 > Comfort & Pain Mgmt > Flashcards

Comfort & Pain Mgmt Flashcards

1
Q

Acute pain

A

Episode of pain that lasts from seconds to less than 6 months

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2
Q

Chronic pain

A

Episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous

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3
Q

Cutaneous pain

A

Superficial pain usually involving the skin or SQ tissue

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4
Q

Endorphins

A

Morphine-like substances released by the body that appear to alter the perception of pain

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5
Q

Exacerbation

A

Period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear

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6
Q

Gate control theory

A

Theory that explains that excitatory pain stimuli carried by small-diameter nerve fibers can be blocked by inhibiting signals carried by large-diameter nerve fibers

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7
Q

Intractable

A

Severe pain that is extremely resistant to relief measures

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8
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain that results as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the PNS or CNS

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9
Q

Phantom pain

A

Sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathological substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb

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10
Q

Psychogenic pain

A

Pain for which no physical cause can be identified

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11
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain in an area removed from that in which stimulation has its origin

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12
Q

Somatic pain

A

Pain originating in structures in the body’s external wall

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13
Q

Visceral pain

A

Pain originating in the internal organs in the thorax, cranium or abdomen

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14
Q

Examples of non-pharmacologic relief measures

A

Distraction, humor, music, imagery, relaxation, cutaneous stimulation, massage, heat/cold, acupressure, TENS

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15
Q

Breakthrough pain

A

Temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain

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16
Q

Factors affecting pain experience

A 
Culture
Ethnicity
Family, gender, age
Religious beliefs
Environment, support people
Anxiety, other stressors
Past pain experience
17
Q

Four processes involved in pain

A

Transduction
Transmission
Perception of pain
Modulation of pain

18
Q

Transduction

A

Activation of pain receptors
Conversion of painful stimuli into electrical impulses
periphery > spinal cord (dorsal horn)

19
Q

Transmission of pain stimuli

A

Pain sensations from the site of an injury/inflammation are conducted along pathways to the spinal cord and then to higher centers

20
Q

Perception of pain

A

Sensory process that occurs when a stimulus for pain is present (including interpretation of pain)

21
Q

Pain threshold

A

Minimum intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful

22
Q

Modulation of pain

A

Process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified

23
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

Describes the transmission of painful stimuli

I.E. massage/warm compress to pained lower back stimulates large nerve fibers to “close the gate” thus blocking nerve impulses from that area

24
Q

Breakthrough pain

A

Temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain

25
Q

FLACC

A

Faces-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability

For infants/children ages 2 months-7 years old who are unable to validate presence of pain
Rate from 0-2

26
Q

What is the 5th vital sign?

A

Pain

27
Q

Who pushed for 5th vital sign?

A

VA & the American pain society

28
Q

CRIES pain scale

A

Tool intended for use with neonates/infants from 0-6 months

29
Q

TENS

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Non-invasive alternative technique; e-stimulation of large-diameter fibers to inhibit transmission of painful impulses carried over small-diameter fibers

30
Q

Complementary and alternative therapies (CAT)

A

holistic approach

Guided imagery, acupressure, TENS, chiropractic

31
Q

APP

A

Assume pain present

32
Q

ATC

A

Around the clock

33
Q

Patient controlled analgesic (PCA)

A

Used for PRN medications

34
Q

AHNA

A

The American holistic nurse association

35
Q

Allopathic medicine

A

The term generally used to describe “traditional” medical care

Exam 3 (10 decks)

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