Types of Tissues (ch 3) Flashcards
There is ____ (a lot/not much) gap between cells of epithelial tissue
not much
Epithelial tissues are generally found in:
body surface, linings of organs/body cavities, glands
Are epithelial tissues vascular or avascular?
avascular
What is the basement membrane?
Not part of the epithelium, but an extension of the connective tissue below
Anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue
Basal surface
epithelial surface facing the basement membrane
Apical surface
epithelial surface facing away/out (free surface)
What tissues job is to…protect from injury and infection?
epithelial
What tissues job is to…produce and release chemical secretions? (mucous, sweat, hormones, etc)
epithelial
What tissues job is to…excrete wastes? (CO2, bile, etc)
epithelial
What tissues job is to…absorba chemicals? (small intestine)
epithelial
What tissues job is to…selectively filter substances? (kidneys)
epithelial
What tissues job is to…sense stimuli? (has nerve endings)
epithelial
How is epithelial tissue classified?
Based on number of layers and shape
What is the difference between simple epithelium and stratified epithelium?
Simple has one layer of cells, every cell touches the basement membrane
Stratified has multiple layers of cells, not every cell touches the basement membrane
What is pseudo stratified epithelium?
Appears to be stratified, but really is simple because every layer touches the basement membrane
What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?
Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cubed/round), Columnar (tall)
Which type of tissue has more matrix than cells?
Connective Tissue
In connective tissue, are cells in direct contact?
No, they are separated by the matrix
Is connective tissue vascular or avascular?
both…
loose connective tissues have MANY blood vessels
cartilage has few or no blood vessels
What tissue type is the most abundant and variable of the 4 tissue types?
Connective tissue
What tissues job is to…bind structures? (ex: tendons bind muscle to bone, fat holds in kidneys/eyes)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…support? (bones, cartilage)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…protect? (cranium, rib cage, fat)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…help with movement? (bones provide levers, joins, vocal cords)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…store? (fat: energy reserve, bone: calcium/phosphorus)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…insulate? (brown fat: generates heat)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…transport? (blood: gases, nutrients, wastes, etc)
Connective Tissue
What tissues job is to…give an immune response? (WBCs attack foreign invaders)
Connective Tissue
What are the four broad categories of connective tissue?
- Fibrous (loose and dense)
- Adipose
- Supportive (cartilage and bone)
- Fluid (blood and lymph)
What are the 3 types of matrix fibers in fibrous CT?
- Collagenous fibers - collagen (most abundant protein)
- Elastic fibers - elastin
- Reticular fibers - reticular tissue
What type of matrix fiber (fibrous CT) has flexibility and strength but not stretch/recoil?
Collagen (most abundant protein)
What type of matrix fiber (fibrous CT) has flexibility, stretch, and recoil?
Elastin
What type of matrix fiber (fibrous CT) is thin, branched, not strong, but supports networks for certain organs?
Reticular fibers
What are the four main types of cells in fibrous CT and their functions?
- Fibroblasts - produce fibers/ground substance
- Macrophages - phagocytic; immune response
- Leukocytes - WBCs/immunities
- Adipocytes - (not adipose tissue)
What is the purpose of ground substance?
Protect, lubricate, reduce friction
Where is loose connective tissue found? Dense CT?
both are found between tissues/organs (binding)
Which type of CT has more ground substance: loose or dense?
Loose - cells are widely spaced, abundance of ground substance, empty space
(Dense has minimal ground substance, fibers more tightly packed)
What type of cells make up adipose tissue?
Adipocytes - densely packed/isolated clusters
What are the two types of adipose tissue?
- White adipose - found in adults, used for insulation, anchor, cushion, and body shape
- Brown adipose - found in fetuses, infants, and kids, used for heat generating, has an abundance of blood vessels
What is the purpose of cartilage (supportive CT)?
Gives shape (ex: external ear, tip of nose, larynx)
Is cartilage vascular or avascular?
Avascular - very slow to heal
What type of cells make up cartilage?
Chondroblasts –> chondrocytes
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
- hyaline
- elastic
- fibrocartilage
Osseous tissue has what type of matrix?
Hard and calcified
What cell types make up osseous tissue (bone)?
Osteoblasts –> osteocytes
What is the function of osseous tissue?
- physical support
- leverage for muscle action
- protective enclosure
- reservoir for minerals (calcium/phosphorus)
What are the two types of osseous tissue?
- compact (on top)
2. spongey
What is blood (supportive CT) made up of?
formed elements
What is the ground substance in blood called?
Plasma
What is the function of blood (supportive CT)?
transports cells and dissolved materials, clotting fibers
What is made up of nervous tissue?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
What cell types make up nervous tissue?
- neurons (specialized)
2. neuroglia (protect/assist neurons)
What is the function of the following nervous tissue cell parts:
- Dendrites
- Axons
- receive signals
2. conduct nerve impulses
What three types of muscular tissue exist?
Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
What tissues job is to…move
Muscular tissue
What tissues job is to…assist in digestion and waste elimination
Muscular tissue
What tissues job is to…help with breathing, speech, and expression
Muscular tissue
What tissues job is to…assist in blood circulation
Muscular tissue
Muscular tissue is made up of ____ cells
elongated - specialized to contract and exert force
