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Anatomy > Chapter 8 - Appendicular Skelly > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Appendicular Skelly Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the typical adult skeleton? How many at birth?

A

206 - adult

270 - birth

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2
Q

What is a canal?

A

Tubular passage or tunnel in a bone

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3
Q

What is a condyle?

A

A rounded knob

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4
Q

What is a crest?

A

A narrow ridge

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5
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

A flare superior to a condyle

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6
Q

What is a facet?

A

A smooth joint surface that is flat or only slightly concave or convex

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7
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A slit through a bone

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8
Q

What is a foramen?

A

A hole through a bone

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9
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A shallow, broad, or elongated basin

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10
Q

What is a process?

A

Any bony prominence

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11
Q

What is a sinus?

A

A cavity within a bone

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12
Q

What is a spine?

A

A sharp, slender, or narrow process

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13
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

A small, rounded process

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14
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A rough surface

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15
Q

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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16
Q

What bones does the clavicle articulate with and at what joints?

A

Medially - sternum (sternoclavicular joint)

Laterally - scapula (acromioclavicular joint)

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17
Q

What is the joint called where the scapular and humorous articulate?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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18
Q

What is the job of the clavicle and what are some of its features?

A

Job: braces shoulders, holds arms away from midline
Features:
Medial sternal end - hammer like, articulates with manubrium
Lateral acromial end - flattened, articulates with acromion of scapula
Conoid tubercle - place for ligament attachment

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19
Q

Where is the scapula and what are some of it’s features?

A

Triangular plate overlying ribs 2-7
Features:
Suprascapular notch (suprascapular nerve)
Subscapular fossa
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Acromion (articulates with clavicle)
Coracoid process (attachment for biceps and clavicle)
Glenoid cavity (shallow socket for head of humorous)

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20
Q

What are the four regions of the upper limb?

A

Brachium (shoulder to elbow)
Antebracium (elbow to wrist)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus/Hand (palm and fingers)

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21
Q

Describe the humorous and its features

A 
Only bone from shoulder to elbow
Hemisperical head
Greater and lesser tubricles (attach rotator cuff)
Intertubercular groove
Deltoid tuberosity 
Capitulum (articulates with radius)
Trochlea (articles with ulna)
Lateral and medial epicondyles
Olecranon fossa
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa
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22
Q

What is the interosseous membrane and where is it found?

A

Flat ligament connecting radius and ulna

Another one can be found connecting the tibia and fibula

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23
Q

Describe the features of the radius

A

Head (rotates on capitulum)
Radial tuberosity
Distal end (flared, articulates with 3 carpal bones)
- styloid process

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24
Q

Describe the features of the ulna

A

Medial bone
Proximal end has a C-shaped trochlear notch
- coronoid process
Radial notch

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25
Q

What is the saying to remember the carpal bones? Does it start top or bottom row? Distally or medially?

A

Sally Left The Party To Take Charlie Home

Proximal (bottom) row, thumb to pinky

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26
Q

What are the carpal bones? (starting proximally at the thumb)

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

27
Q

What is the hamulus?

A

The hook of the hamate, sticks out from hamate bone

28
Q

What finger is the first phalange (and metacarpal)

A

Thumb

29
Q

What is the common name for the pollex?

A

Thumb

30
Q

What are the three divisions of the metacarpals?

A

Base, body, and head (knuckles)

31
Q

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

A

Two coxal (hip) bones and one sacrum (plus coccyx)

32
Q

What is the pelvis?

A

The pelvic girdle plus the ligaments and muscles that line the pelvic cavity and form it’s floor

33
Q

What does the sacroiliac joint do?

A

Joins hip bone to vertebral column (articular surface of ileum to auricular surface of sacrum)

34
Q

What is the pubic symphysis?

A

The interpubic disc that joins the pubic bones anteriorly (made of fibrocartilage)

35
Q

What is the greater (false) pelvis?

A

The superior region between the flare of the hips

Contains and supports lower intestines

36
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A

Opening to lesser (true) pelvis

Pelvic brim is the edge of the pelvic inlet

37
Q

What is the lesser (true) pelvis?

A

Narrower inferior space

Contains rectum, urinary bladder, and uterus

38
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

Lower opening of lesser pelvis

39
Q

What are some differences in the male and female pelvis?

A 
Male:
Less "bowl" shaped
Narrower pubic arch
Heavier and thicker
Narrower greater sciatic notch

Female:
Pregnancy and childbirth
Wider, shallower
Larger, rounder pelvic inlet and outlet

40
Q

What are the three childhood bones that fuse into the coxal (hip) bone?

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
41
Q

What are three major features fo the coxal bone in general?

A
  1. Ilia crest (superior crest of hip)
  2. Acetabulum (hip socket)
  3. Obturator foramen (large hold below acetabulum
42
Q

Describe the features of the ilium

A

Ala: wide, fan-shaped portion
Iliac fossa: large depression on medial surface
Iliac crest
Anterior and posterior, superior and inferior iliac spines
Greater sciatic notch
Auricular surface: articulates with sacrum

43
Q

Describe the ischium and its features

A

Inferoposterior part of hip bone, C-shaped, posterior wall of acetabulum
Features:
Ischial body
Ischila ramus
Ischial tuberosity: lowermost part, hamstring attachment, sacrotuberous ligament holds pelvis together
Ischial spine: sacrospinous ligament holds the sacrum to the ischium
Lesser sciatic notch

44
Q

Describe the pubis and its features

A

Most anterior part of hip bone/acetabulum (bladder)
Features:
Inferior pubic ramus (+ ischial ramus = ischiopubic ramus)
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphysis: pubic bones joined by interpubic disc

45
Q

What are the 3 regions of the lower limb?

A 
Femoral region (hip to knee, including patella)
Crural region (knee to ankle, tib/fib)
Foot region (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges)
46
Q

The antebrachium contains what bones?

A

Radius and ulna

47
Q

The sella tunica contains what gland?

A

Pituitary gland

48
Q

The nasal septum is composed of what two bones?

A

Vomer and ethmoid

49
Q

What can easily be palpated between he clavicles?

A

Jugular notch

50
Q

Describe the femur and its features

A

Longest and strongest bone
Head –> acetabulum
Features:
Fovea capitis: ligament attachment
Greater and lesser trochanters: muscle insertion
Linear aspera: ridge on posterior surface, attachment site for adductors
Medial and lateral epicondyles: muscle and ligament attachment
Medial and lateral condyles: articulation with tibia
Patellar surface: depression for patella, anterior

51
Q

Describe the patella and its features

A

Sesamoid bone (cartilaginous at birth until age 3-6)
Features:
Base: broad superior portion
Apex: pointed inferior portion
Articular facets: posterior surface, medial (smaller) and lateral (bigger)

52
Q

Describe the tibia and its features

A

Thicker than fibula, weight bearing
Features:
Medial and lateral condyles: articulate with femur
Tibial tuberosity: anterior surface, patellar ligament attachment
Medial malleolus: medial knob of tibia

53
Q

Describe the fibula and its features

A

Slender lateral strut
Job is to stabilize ankle
Features:
Lateral malleolus: knob and distal end of bone
Interosseous membrane: connects it to tibia

54
Q

What bone is considered the heel bone?

A

Calcaneus

55
Q

What bone is considered the anklebone?

A

Talus

56
Q

What bones are in the proximal group of tarsal bones?

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular

57
Q

What bone are in the distal group of the tarsal bones (medial to lateral)

A

Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms, cuboid

58
Q

What toe is the first toe when counting metatarsals and phalanges?

A

Big toe

59
Q

What is the common name for the hallux?

A

Great toe / big toe

60
Q

Which toe only has proximal and distal phalanx?

A

Big toe

61
Q

What is the job of arches in the feet?

A

Absorb shock and stress

62
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A
  1. Medial longitudinal arch: heel to hallux
  2. Lateral longitudinal arch: heel to little toe
  3. Anterior transverse arch: side to side
63
Q

What holds arches together?

A

Short ligament

Can be weakened or stretched causing fallen archesΩ

Anatomy (14 decks)

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