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Biology > Types of Tissues > Flashcards

Types of Tissues Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tissue def

A

a group of cells with the same morphology (shape) and function.

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2
Q

There are 4 types of tissue:

A

Epithelial tissue (epithelium), muscle tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue.

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue def

A

Lining outside surfaces (skin), and the inside of hollow organs, is the inner-most lining.

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4
Q

3 types of epithelial cells:

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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5
Q

Simple squamous epithelium def+examples

A
  • one layer of squamous cell, forming alveoli and capillaries. This arrangement allows relatively free passage of molecules between the cells.
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6
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium def+examples

A
  • one layer of cuboidal cells. Found in places like the kidneys, where a high level of absorption and secretion is needed.
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7
Q

Simple columnar epithelium def+examples

A

simple layer of columnar cells, found in places like the small intestine, offering protection and absorption.

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8
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium-
def+examples

A

Multiple layers of squamous cells. Found in the skin (epidermis) and places under mechanical pressure, like the pharynx.

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9
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium def+examples

A

multiple layers of cuboidal cells. Found in many exocrine glands like salivary, pancreas, sebaceous- secretional glands.

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10
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium def+examples

A

multiple layers of columnar cells. Found in the eye and urethra- places where high protection is needed.

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11
Q

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium- def+examples

A

One layer of columnar cells that appear to be stratified because the nuclei are a different heights. This tissue when ciliated can be found in the trachea. Helps to clean the air from pollutants by trapping them.

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12
Q

Transitional epithelium- def+examples

A

A mixture of epithelial cells that’s found in the urinary bladder, allowing it to expand and protecting the underlying tissue from the urine.

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13
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium-

A

The cells have a keratin layer, and the exterior cell layer is dead. The cells contain no nucleus or cytoplasm, making them tough and resistant (like in human skin).
*Keratin - protein fiber helps make intermediate filaments.

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14
Q

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium-

A

Doesn’t have a keratin layer, making it moist, like in the esophagus lining and in the pharynx.

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15
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue cell Shape

A

Spindle shape

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16
Q

Cardiac muscle cell Shape

A

Branched shape
With intercalated discs, providing synchronised contractions.

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle cell Shape

A

Cylindrical shape.
Long, thin muscle fibres

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18
Q

how many nuclei (nucleus ) in smooth muscle, cardiac and skeletal muscle cells

A

smooth- one
cardiac- 1/2
skeletal- multinucleated

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19
Q

where can smooth muscle be found

A

Walls of certain internal organs and blood vessels

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20
Q

where can cardiac muscle be found

A

Heart walls

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21
Q

where can skeletal muscle be found

A

Attached to bones; providing movement to the body

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22
Q

which muscle tissues are striated

A

cardiac and skeletal- have myosin and actin fibers

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23
Q

type of contraction for each muscle tissue

A

smooth-Smooth, continuous contractions
cardiac+ skeletal-Strong, forceful contractions

24
Q

what nervous sys. controls smooth muscles

A

Non-voluntary.
Controlled by ANS- autonomic nervous system

25
Q

what nervous sys. controls cardiac muscles

A

Non-voluntary.
Controlled by ANS- autonomic nervous system

26
Q

what nervous sys. controls skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary.
Controlled by SNS- somatic nervous system

27
Q

Connective Tissue:
def

A

Different types of cells and molecules which are scattered in the body. Connective tissue connects and separates different tissues and organs. It is the most abundant tissue in the body.

28
Q

Collagen def

A

very strong protein fibre produced by cells known as fibroblasts.

29
Q

Dense connective tissue def + examples

A

Highest concentration of collagen, forming ligaments that connect bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone. In both cases, dense connective tissue can withstand and resist high pressure.

30
Q

Loose connective tissue def + examples

A

Lower concentration of collagen fibers, holding organs together but allowing some flexibility. For example, the dermis under the skin.

31
Q

Reticular connective tissue def + examples

A

Reticular- net like shape. Forming the skeleton of some organs, like the liver.

32
Q

Elastic connective tissue def + examples

A

Collagen fibers are mixed with elastin fibers to provide elasticity of some organs. For example: lungs and large blood vessels (aorta).

33
Q

Adipose tissue is Made of cells called….

A

adipocytes

34
Q

Adipose tissue Functions include

A

Insulation, thermal insulation, cushioning, protection and energy storage
(in the form of TAG).

35
Q

BAT- Brown Adipose tissue/
brown fat

A

Smaller size
Many TAG droplets
Many mitochondria
(gives reddish brown color)
Rich blood supply
High adrenaline recpetors
Found mostly in babies and in subclavian area in adults

36
Q

WAT-White Adipose tissue/
white fat

A

Larger cell
One large droplet of TAG
Fewer mitochondria
Lower blood supply
Lower adrenaline receptors
Found mostly in children and adults

37
Q

adipose tissue is a type of…. tissue

A

connective

38
Q

Cartilage connective tissue def

A

A smooth flexible connective tissue composed of cells known as chondrocytes. the chondrocytes sit in the Lacuna and secrete proteoglycans - proteins rich in sugars and collagen fibers.
Cartilage is a non-regenerating tissue - it doesn’t have a blood supply, so nutrients pass by diffusion.

39
Q

Cartilage is A smooth flexible connective tissue composed of cells known as ……. the ……….sit in the …………and secrete …………..- proteins rich in sugars and collagen fibers.

A

Cartilage is A smooth flexible connective tissue composed of cells known as chondrocytes. the chondrocytes sit in the Lacuna and secrete proteoglycans - proteins rich in sugars and collagen fibers.

40
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Elastic cartilage- found in ears
Hyaline cartilage- found in joints
Fibrocartilage- found in spine

41
Q

Blood connective tissue def

A

Blood is A specialized connective tissue composed of blood cells, proteins, electrolytes and fluid.

42
Q

blood composition

A

55% plasma
4% White Blood Cells- Leukocytes
Platelets- Thrombocytes
41% Red Blood Cells- Erythrocytes

43
Q

plasma composition

A

90% water, 10% dissolved material:
Gasses- O2, CO2
Salts
Electrolytes- Na+, Cl-, Zn, Mg2+, Ca 2+, K+, HCO3-
Nutrients- glucose (only source of nutrition for RBC)
Hormones- Insulin
Vitamins- Folic, B9
Proteins- LDL, HDL, Ig (Immunoglobulin), Albumin (oncotic pressure)

44
Q

Red blood cells don’t have a …..

A

nucleus

45
Q

Red blood cells have a ….. shape

A

biconcave

46
Q

Red blood cells have a ……-day lifespan.

A

120

47
Q

Hemoglobin def/structure

A

4 polypeptide chains with a Hemi group, made of 4 pyrrole rings with Fe2+ (turns into Fe3+ after hemoglobin is oxidised).

48
Q

Bone Connective Tissue def

A

Bone is a rigid connective tissue that is constantly and continuously being built and broken down- it is a dynamic process.
Bones form the endoskeleton that provides stability, protection, movement and support.

49
Q

the functional unit of bones is

A

Osteons

50
Q

Osteons

A

cylindrical shaped structures surrounded by collagen fibers, and consist of a central
harvasion canal that contains blood vessels and nerve supply.

51
Q

There are ….. bones in an adult

A

206

52
Q

Types of bone cells:

A

Osteocytes- cells inside the bone
Osteoblasts- cells that build bone by secreting a matrix (proteoglycans, collagen fibers, Ca2+)
Osteoclast- breaks down bone

53
Q

Neuron/nerve cell def

A

Transmits electrochemical signals. the basic structure unit of the nervous system.

54
Q

Neuron structure

A

Soma/body- contains organelles
Dendrites- branched structures that receive and transmit information to the body.
Axon- a nerve fibre transmitting an electric signal.
Axon- terminal- contains neurotransmitters.
Synapse- space between neurons that allows message transmission.

55
Q

Glial cells/ support cells-

A

Glial cells provide support and nourishment to the neurons. They don’t produce an electrical impulse. Glial cells also produce myelin, a phospholipid material that surrounds the axons, providing electrical insulation.

56
Q

what cells provide myelin and the CNS- central nervous system

A

Oligodendrocytes

57
Q

Schwann cells provide myelin in the …

A

PNS- peripheral nervous system.

Biology (10 decks)

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