Macromolecules1- (carbs)lesson3

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

The building blocks of every organism.
Many macromolecules are polymers of smaller molecules called monomers.

Question 2

Carbohydrates monomer

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

Carbohydrates composition

Answer 3

carbons, hydrogens and oxygens in a ratio of 1:2:1, with the following formula: CnH2nOn.

Question 4

Carbohydrates contain one of the following functional groups:

Answer 4

Aldehyde/Ketone

Question 5

Aldehyde

Answer 5

carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton

Question 6

Ketone

Answer 6

internal carbonyl group

Question 7

Triose

Answer 7

three carbon sugar,Glyceraldehyde

Question 8

Tetros

Answer 8

four carbon sugar,Erythrose

Question 9

Pentos

Answer 9

five carbon sugar - Ribose and Dexyribose

Question 10

Hexose

Answer 10

glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose

Question 11

sole source of energy for the brain, kidneys, and red blood cells

Answer 11

Alpha-D-Glucose

Question 12

Insulin ……..blood glucose levels by signaling the cells to ………..it and the liver to ………it in the form of the polysaccharide ……….

Answer 12

Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by signaling the cells to consume it and the liver to store it in the form of the polysaccharide glycogen.

Question 13

Glucagon ……….. blood sugar level by signaling the liver to …………..glucose from its storage, and ………….it from other molecules.

Answer 13

Glucagon increases blood sugar level by signaling the liver to release glucose from its storage, and produce it from other molecules.

Question 14

Hypoglycemia

Answer 14

• low glucose level in the blood

Question 15

Hyperglycemia

Answer 15

• high glucose level in the blood

Question 16

Disaccharides are 2 joined monosaccharides bonded by a what bond?

Answer 16

glycosidic bond

Question 17

Maltose composition

Answer 17

a-D-glucose + a-D-glucose

Question 18

Sucrose composition

Answer 18

a-D-glucose + fructose

Question 19

Lactose composition

Answer 19

a-D-glucose + galactose

Question 20

Cellulose composition

Answer 20

beta-D-glucose +beta-D-glucose

Question 21

Emylase

Answer 21

an enzyme responsible for digesting carbohydrates in the body,It breaks down glycosidic bonds in Alpha-D-glucose. It can not break the bonds in beta-D-glucose.

Question 22

Glycogen

Answer 22

12,000 Alpha-D-glucose units. known as “animal sugar”, can be found in the skeletal muscles and liver. The liver maintains blood sugar levels by breaking down glycogen into monosaccharides, and releasing it into the blood during
starvation. Glycogen is aimed to enable exercise in the muscle, especially anaerobic

Question 23

Starch

Answer 23

12,000 Alpha D glucose units, less branched than glycogen. Found in starchy vegetables ( potatoes ).

Question 24

Cellulose

Answer 24

15,000 BD glucose units, not branched. Not digestible by humans. Used by plants to build cell walls.