Macromolecules4 nucleic acids lesson4 sep.5 Flashcards
Nucleic acids:
Macromolecules transferring the genetic material (DNA), and translating that information into proteins (RNA).
Nucleotides
The nucleic acid’s monomers. A nucleotide is made of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (N base).
There are 2 types of pentose sugars in DNA
DNA- ribose in RNA, and deoxyribose in DNA.
There are 2 types of N-bases
Purines and Pyrimidines
Purines have …… ring/s and include …………………. N-bases
Purines have 2 rings and include Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines have …… ring/s and include …………………. N-bases
Pyrimidines have one ring and include Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
(CUT the py).
a strand of nucleotides is created by what bonds?
phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides. Phosphodiester bonds connect between the 3rd carbon of one sugar, to the 5th carbon of another sugar.
Phosphodiester bonds connect ……….
….between the 3rd carbon of one sugar, to the 5th carbon of another sugar in a nucleotide.
DNA
A polynucleotide, double helix, anti-parallel, double-stranded molecule.
The DNA is our genetic code, and holds all the information for all protein synthesis.
DNA is made of nucleotides
The DNA strands are connected by…
hydrogen bonds between the N-bases
on the outside of the DNA strands is the……
strong sugar phosphate backbone.
The hydrogen bond connection of the N-bases is called the………
Watson and Grick Base Pairing”,
RNA
The RNA is a polynucleotide Strand that assists in the process of protein synthesis. The RNA is a single strand. It is made out of nucleotides with the following:
The 4 types of RNA
Messenger RNA=mRNA-
Transfer/translate RNA= tRNA-
Ribosomal RNA=rRNA
Small RNA=snRNA
Messenger RNA=mRNA-
transfers information regarding protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
