Types of Practice

Question 1

<p>What is MASSED PRACTICE ?</p>

Answer 1

<ul><li>practising <strong>continuously</strong> without a break</li><li><strong>simple </strong>and <strong>discrete</strong></li><li><strong>experienced </strong>athletes</li><li><i>eg racquet strokes</i></li></ul>

<p><strong><u>Benefits include</u></strong></p>

<ul><li>Improve <strong>fitness </strong>and deal with <strong>fatigue</strong></li><li>Groove the skill (<strong>habitual</strong>)</li><li>Allows for <strong>replication </strong>of <strong>game-like</strong> situations</li></ul>

Question 2

<p>What is DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE ?</p>

Answer 2

<ul><li>practising with <strong>breaks</strong></li><li><strong>complex </strong>and <strong>new </strong>skills</li><li>gives time to <strong>recover/feedback</strong></li><li>Do <strong>not </strong>do things that will lead to <strong>negative transfer</strong></li></ul>

<p><strong><u>Benefits include</u></strong></p>

<ul><li>Helps when skill is <strong>continuous</strong></li><li>Helps when skill is <strong>dangerous</strong></li><li>Better for <strong>beginners </strong>and less motivated students HOWEVER it <strong>can lead to demotivation</strong> and<strong> lack of concentration</strong> if there is <strong>excessive recovery</strong></li></ul>

Question 3

<p>What is VARIED PRACTICE ?</p>

Answer 3

<ul><li>Allows performer to come into contact with a <strong>range of experiences</strong></li><li>Helps performer <strong>adapt to changes</strong> in environment</li><li>Used when skill is <strong>open</strong></li><li>Each situation <strong>different </strong>from last</li><li>Allows performer to draw on <strong>strategies </strong>from LTM</li></ul>

Question 4

<p>What is FIXED PRACTICE ?</p>

Answer 4

<ul><li><strong>Stable </strong>and <strong>predictable </strong>environment</li><li><strong>Closed </strong>skills</li><li>Allows movement to become <strong>habitual</strong></li></ul>

Question 5

<p>What are the 8 different types of practice?</p>

Answer 5

<p>- massed practice</p>

<p>- distributed practice</p>

<p>- varied practice</p>

<p>- fixed practice</p>

<p>- whole method</p>

<p>- part method</p>

<p>- whole part whole method</p>

<p>- progressive part method</p>

Question 6

What are the three types of the PART method (Wightman and Lintern)

Answer 6

• fractionisation
• segmentation
• simplification

Question 7

What is FRACTIONISATION ?

Answer 7

• practising the separate sub-routines of the whole skill
• Allows the performer to understand the requirements
• Eg. breathing in swimming

Question 8

What is SEGMENTATION ?

Answer 8

same as progressive-part method

Question 9

What is SIMPLIFICATION ?

Answer 9

reducing the difficulty of the subroutines e.g. using large sponge ball

Question 10

Give an example of the PART method

Answer 10

tennis serve = back swing before striking the ball

Question 11

What is the WHOLE method ?

Answer 11

• skill is taught without breaking it down/ taught in its entirety
• enhances kinaesthetic sense

Question 12

What are the STRENGTHS of the whole method ?

Answer 12

• execute the skill fluently/ timing correctly
• appreciate the relationship between each movement
• gain kinaesthetic feel/ develop schema
• easily transfer into full competitive situations

Question 13

What skills is the whole method good for ?

Answer 13

rapid or ballistic skills

Question 14

Give an example of the whole method

Answer 14

golf swing = each part interacts closely with each other

Question 15

What is the WHOLE-PART-WHOLE method ?

Answer 15

• firstly attempts the whole skills
• then broken down
• then puts sub-routines together

Question 16

What are the STRENGTHS of the whole-part-whole method ?

Answer 16

• allows athlete to understand the technique
• allows performer to focus and perfect certain parts
• increases success rate
• more fluent

Question 17

What skills is the whole-part-whole method good for ?

Answer 17

• low organisation

- serial

Question 18

Give an example of the whole-part-whole method ?

Answer 18

• basketball layup

- break skills down into run-up and take-off

Question 19

What is the PROGRESSIVE-PART method ?

Answer 19

• serial skills are broken down into sub-routines
• each sub-routine is seen as a link of a chain
• two links are then practices, then three links

Question 20

What skills is the progressive-part method good for ?

Answer 20

• serial and complex

Question 21

Give an example of the progressive-part method

Answer 21

breaststroke = leg action and then arm action

Question 22

Give an example of distributed practice

Answer 22

• football dribbling between cones

- get feedback after doing one set

Question 23

What are the WEAKNESSES of part method?

Answer 23

• Harder to adapt
• Lack of realism
• Less fluency in movement
• Takes longer

Question 24

What is Part method?

Answer 24

• skills are split up into sub-routines

- fractionisation

Question 25

What are the WEAKNESSES of whole method?

Answer 25

• Difficult to use for complex skills
• Difficult for novice performers
• Not ideal for dangerous skills

Question 26

What are the WEAKNESSES of the whole-part-whole method ?

Answer 26

• takes longer
• could lose kinaesthethic awareness
• transfer may be difficult
• timing whole skill put together could be difficult

Question 27

What are the STRENGTHS of the progressive part method ?

Answer 27

• allows complex skills to be broken down
• novice performers can achieve success
• develop understanding between subroutines
• transfer to whole skill is easier

Question 28

What are the WEAKNESSES of the progressive part method ?

Answer 28

• time consuming

- performer can become too focused on particular subroutines