Types of movement and joints

Question 1

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 1

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 2

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 2

A immovable or fixed joint where tough fibres join the bones together.
eg. skull, sternum and pelvis

Question 3

What is a joint?

Answer 3

The intersection of two or more bones.

Question 4

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 4

Slightly movable joints held together by cartilage.

eg. vertebrae, ribs

Question 5

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 5

A joint characterised by its synovial fluid. They have a slight gap between bones where the synovial fluid is found. They allow a full range of movement in at least one direction.
eg. hip and knee

Question 6

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 6

• hinge
• ball and socket
• gliding joint
• saddle joint
• condyloid
• pivot joint

Question 7

What is a hinge joint? (4)

Answer 7

• A synovial joint that is uniaxial, meaning it can only move in one direction.
• It can either flex or extend.
• Has articular surfaces that are moulded together.
  eg. elbow and knee

Question 8

What is a ball and socket joint? (4)

Answer 8

• A synovial joint that is trixial.
• Occurs when the rounded end of one bone fits into the socket of another.
• It can move in all directions.
  eg. hip and shoulder

Question 9

What is a gliding joint? (4)

Answer 9

• A synovial joint that is biaxial as it can move in two directions.
• It has a basic structure where flat bones glide past each other.
• It can move from side to side or back and forth.
  eg clavicle, carpals and tarsals

Question 10

What is a saddle joint? (4)

Answer 10

• A synovial joint, that is biaxial.
• It has opposing surfaces that are reciprocally concave and convex.
• It allows for flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction and circumduction.
  eg. thumb

Question 11

What is the condyloid joint? (4)

Answer 11

• A synovial joint that is biaxial.
• They are the junction of two bones, where the head of one bone fits into the cavity of another.
• It can move from side to side and back and forth.
  eg. wrist and ankle

Question 12

What is a pivot joint? (4)

Answer 12

• A synovial joint that is uniaxial.
• The cylinder of one bone fits into the cavity of another.
• It allows for the movement of rotation.
  eg atlas and axis in neck

Question 13

What is flexion?

Answer 13

Angle decreases at the joint.

eg. bending elbow

Question 14

What is extension?

Answer 14

The angle increases at the joint.

eg. straightening arm

Question 15

What is Dorsiflexion?

Answer 15

Occurs when the upper surface of the foot moves towards shin.
eg. bringing toes towards shin

Question 16

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 16

Occurs when foot moves away from shin.

eg. pointing toes

Question 17

What is abduction?

Answer 17

Occurs when body part moves away from midline of body.

eg. outward phase of star jump

Question 18

What is adduction?

Answer 18

Occurs when a body part moves towards midline of body.

eg. placing arms back down next to body

Question 19

What is supination?

Answer 19

Refers to twisting movement required to make palms face up when arms are extended horizontally.
eg. asking for soup

Question 20

What is pronation?

Answer 20

Refers to twisting movement required to return palm of hand to face down.
eg. looking at fresh nails

Question 21

What is eversion?

Answer 21

Rotating sole of foot outwards.

eg. looking at your fresh kicks

Question 22

What is inversion?

Answer 22

Rotating the sole of foot inwards.

eg. looking for dog poo on bottom of shoe

Question 23

What is elevation?

Answer 23

Occurs when shoulder gridle is moved towards head.

eg. shrugging shoulders

Question 24

What is depression?

Answer 24

Occur whens shoulder gridle is moved down away from head.

eg. shrugging shoulders down

Question 25

What is rotation?

Answer 25

Movement of a bone around central axis.

eg. ball and socket joint

Question 26

What is circumduction?

Answer 26

When a body part moves in a cone shape.

eg. swimming butterfly