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P.E > The circulatory system > Flashcards

The circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system? (5)

A
  • circulate blood to al parts of the body
  • transport water, oxygen and nutrients to cells
  • transport waste away from cells (co2)
  • helps to maintain correct body temp
  • helps fight disease
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2
Q

What is the role of the heart?

A

The heart is a muscular pump designed to pump blood through the body.

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3
Q

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

A

Left side.

Left atrium and left ventricle.

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4
Q

Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Right side.

Right atrium and right ventricle.

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5
Q

What are the atria?

A

The upper chambers receiving blood.

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6
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

The lower chambers which pump the blood.

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7
Q

What are the 2 valves in the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve.

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8
Q

What are the 2 valves in the left side of the heart?

A

Bicuspid valve and aortic valve.

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9
Q

What are the three different vessels in the body?

A
  • arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
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10
Q

What is the role of the veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Have valves which prevent back flow of blood.

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11
Q

What is the role of arteries?

A

Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. It is the largest kind of blood vessel in the body.

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12
Q

Where you can take your pulse?

A
  • carotid

- radial

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13
Q

What is the role of valves in the cardiovascular system?

A

Valves prevent blood flowing back into veins, meaning it can only flow in one direction.

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14
Q

What is the role of the capillaries?

A

Connect to venules and are the site of gas exchange and nutrients/ wastes between blood and cells.

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15
Q

What is the difference between diastolic and systolic?

A

Systolic: contraction of the heart muscle forcing blood out of the ventricles.
Diastolic: relexation of heart beat phase where heart fills with blood from the veins.

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16
Q

What is the function of blood?

A
  • protection: white blood cells fight infection/ disease and dehydration.
  • transporation: oxygen is transported to body cells.
  • regulation: Homeostasis, via enzyme and hormone regulation.
17
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

Red blood cells contain a protein called haemoglobin which is an oxygen carrier. Therefore red blood cells are very important for the transportation of oxygen around the body.

18
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A
  • 55% of blood is plasma

- 45% is made up of blood cells

19
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance within narrow limits of a stable internal environment

20
Q

What is the role of white blood cells

A

Are involved in protecting body from disease and infection by absorbing and digesting disease causing organisms.

21
Q

What does steady state refer to?

A

The point during exercise when oxygen supply equals oxygen demand.

22
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

Are cells that help form blood clots to stop bleeding by clumping.

23
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

A measure of how much blood is squeezed out of the heart into the aorta each beat.

24
Q

What is cardiac output and its formula?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute.

Q = stroke volume x heart rate

25
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

The aorta.

26
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force exerted by the blood against the blood vessels walls

27
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

When body temp exceeds the normal body temp level.
Symptoms: sweating, heat cramps, rapid pulse.
Causes: dehydration, high temps, humidity.

28
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

When body temp drops below normal body temp level.
Symptoms: shivering, numbness, breathing/ heart rate slows.
Causes: cold environment

29
Q

Why do muscles shiver?

A

When the body’s temp drops below minimum level. certain functions act to return body temp. Shivering generates heat which will then warm up the body.

30
Q

Why would an athlete have a lower resting heart rate?

A

Due to athletes having a stronger heart muscle they can pump more blood around the body with less effort meaning the heart doesnt have to work as hard, slowing the heart rate down.

31
Q

True or false?

a) right atrium receives blood from lungs.
b) Oxygenated blood returns to right atrium.
c) Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
d) Capillaries pump blood to arteries.

A

a) false
b) false
c) true
d) false

32
Q

True or false?

a) Arterioles carry blood.
b) The atria are more muscular than the ventricles.
c) the lungs receive blood from the pulmonary artery.

A

a) true
b) false- ventricles more muscular.
c) true- blood then travels to pulmonary veins.

33
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic?

A

Systolic: contraction of the heart muscle forcing blood out of venrticles.
Diastolic: relaxation of heart beat phase when the heart fills with blood from veins.

34
Q

What is the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

A

Vasodilation: when blood vessels dilate due to smooth muscles relaxing around around blood vessels.
Vasoconstriction: when blood vessels constrict due to smooth muscles contracting to allow smaller volume through vessel.

35
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

36
Q

What is the effect of exercise on the circulatory system?

A

When we exercise the demand for oxygen and fuels increase with in skeletal muscles. As a result there is an increased flow of oxygenated blood to the working muscles.

37
Q

How do we send more blood to working muscles whilst at the same time send less blood to vital organs?

A

During exercise, the blood vessels supplying oxygen to muscles dilate to provide increased blood flow. At the same time these vessels are dilating, the blood vessels supplying major organs such as the liver, kidneys, etc.. Constrict as they can easily spare or give up more blood to working muscles.

38
Q

What are the functions of the plasma?

A
  • Remove wastes from the body
  • Thermoregulation
  • Maintain electrolyte balance in the body

P.E (10 decks)

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