The circulatory system

Question 1

What are the functions of the circulatory system? (5)

Answer 1

• circulate blood to al parts of the body
• transport water, oxygen and nutrients to cells
• transport waste away from cells (co2)
• helps to maintain correct body temp
• helps fight disease

Question 2

What is the role of the heart?

Answer 2

The heart is a muscular pump designed to pump blood through the body.

Question 3

Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 3

Left side.

Left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 4

Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 4

Right side.

Right atrium and right ventricle.

Question 5

What are the atria?

Answer 5

The upper chambers receiving blood.

Question 6

What are the ventricles?

Answer 6

The lower chambers which pump the blood.

Question 7

What are the 2 valves in the right side of the heart?

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve.

Question 8

What are the 2 valves in the left side of the heart?

Answer 8

Bicuspid valve and aortic valve.

Question 9

What are the three different vessels in the body?

Answer 9

• arteries
• veins
• capillaries

Question 10

What is the role of the veins?

Answer 10

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Have valves which prevent back flow of blood.

Question 11

What is the role of arteries?

Answer 11

Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. It is the largest kind of blood vessel in the body.

Question 12

Where you can take your pulse?

Answer 12

• carotid

- radial

Question 13

What is the role of valves in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 13

Valves prevent blood flowing back into veins, meaning it can only flow in one direction.

Question 14

What is the role of the capillaries?

Answer 14

Connect to venules and are the site of gas exchange and nutrients/ wastes between blood and cells.

Question 15

What is the difference between diastolic and systolic?

Answer 15

Systolic: contraction of the heart muscle forcing blood out of the ventricles.
Diastolic: relexation of heart beat phase where heart fills with blood from the veins.

Question 16

What is the function of blood?

Answer 16

• protection: white blood cells fight infection/ disease and dehydration.
• transporation: oxygen is transported to body cells.
• regulation: Homeostasis, via enzyme and hormone regulation.

Question 17

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 17

Red blood cells contain a protein called haemoglobin which is an oxygen carrier. Therefore red blood cells are very important for the transportation of oxygen around the body.

Question 18

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 18

• 55% of blood is plasma

- 45% is made up of blood cells

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

The maintenance within narrow limits of a stable internal environment

Question 20

What is the role of white blood cells

Answer 20

Are involved in protecting body from disease and infection by absorbing and digesting disease causing organisms.

Question 21

What does steady state refer to?

Answer 21

The point during exercise when oxygen supply equals oxygen demand.

Question 22

What is the role of platelets?

Answer 22

Are cells that help form blood clots to stop bleeding by clumping.

Question 23

What is stroke volume?

Answer 23

A measure of how much blood is squeezed out of the heart into the aorta each beat.

Question 24

What is cardiac output and its formula?

Answer 24

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute.

Q = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 25

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 25

The aorta.

Question 26

What is blood pressure?

Answer 26

The force exerted by the blood against the blood vessels walls

Question 27

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 27

When body temp exceeds the normal body temp level. Symptoms: sweating, heat cramps, rapid pulse. Causes: dehydration, high temps, humidity.

Question 28

What is hypothermia?

Answer 28

When body temp drops below normal body temp level. Symptoms: shivering, numbness, breathing/ heart rate slows. Causes: cold environment

Question 29

Why do muscles shiver?

Answer 29

When the body's temp drops below minimum level. certain functions act to return body temp. Shivering generates heat which will then warm up the body.

Question 30

Why would an athlete have a lower resting heart rate?

Answer 30

Due to athletes having a stronger heart muscle they can pump more blood around the body with less effort meaning the heart doesnt have to work as hard, slowing the heart rate down.

Question 31

True or false? a) right atrium receives blood from lungs. b) Oxygenated blood returns to right atrium. c) Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs d) Capillaries pump blood to arteries.

Answer 31

a) false b) false c) true d) false

Question 32

True or false? a) Arterioles carry blood. b) The atria are more muscular than the ventricles. c) the lungs receive blood from the pulmonary artery.

Answer 32

a) true b) false- ventricles more muscular. c) true- blood then travels to pulmonary veins.

Question 33

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic?

Answer 33

Systolic: contraction of the heart muscle forcing blood out of venrticles. Diastolic: relaxation of heart beat phase when the heart fills with blood from veins.

Question 34

What is the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Answer 34

Vasodilation: when blood vessels dilate due to smooth muscles relaxing around around blood vessels. Vasoconstriction: when blood vessels constrict due to smooth muscles contracting to allow smaller volume through vessel.

Question 35

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

Answer 35

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Question 36

What is the effect of exercise on the circulatory system?

Answer 36

When we exercise the demand for oxygen and fuels increase with in skeletal muscles. As a result there is an increased flow of oxygenated blood to the working muscles.

Question 37

How do we send more blood to working muscles whilst at the same time send less blood to vital organs?

Answer 37

During exercise, the blood vessels supplying oxygen to muscles dilate to provide increased blood flow. At the same time these vessels are dilating, the blood vessels supplying major organs such as the liver, kidneys, etc.. Constrict as they can easily spare or give up more blood to working muscles.

Question 38

What are the functions of the plasma?

Answer 38

- Remove wastes from the body - Thermoregulation - Maintain electrolyte balance in the body