The respiratory system

Question 1

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

• brings air from the atmosphere to lungs
• transfers oxygen into blood
• expels heat
• removes co2 from blood
• allows vocal chords to create speech

Question 2

What are the parts of the conducting system?

Answer 2

• nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli

Question 3

What is the pleura?

Answer 3

A smooth, moist membrane that surrounds the lungs. It reduces friction in the lungs as they contract and expand.

Question 4

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 4

An involuntary muscle which expands and contracts to control breathing.

Question 5

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

Answer 5

The diaphragm moves down, allowing chest cavity to increase in size so that more oxygen can be breathed in.

Question 6

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

Answer 6

The diaphragm moves up, causing chest cavity to decrease in size so that oxygen can be breathed out.

Question 7

What are the mechanics of breathing?

Answer 7

During breathing, air always moves from high pressure to low pressure.

Question 8

What is inspiration?

Answer 8

Inhaling, when diaphragm contracts, moving down.

Question 9

What is expiration?

Answer 9

Exhaling: when diaphragm relaxes, moving up.

Question 10

What is oxygen deficit?

Answer 10

When oxygen demand is greater than oxygen supply.

Question 11

What is steady state?

Answer 11

When oxygen supply and demand are equal.

Question 12

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 12

When there is a temporary oxygen shortage and the body has to repay oxygen to the body.

Question 13

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 13

The amount of air that inspired/ expired per minute. Ventilation= tidal volume x respiratory rate.

Question 14

What is tidal volume?

Answer 14

Amount of air breathed in/ out in one breath.

Question 15

What is residual volume?

Answer 15

The reserve of air left in the lungs that cannot be breathed out.

Question 16

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 16

The max amount of air lungs can hold.

T = RV + VC

Question 17

What is the respiratory rate?

Answer 17

Breaths per minute.

Question 18

What is your vital capacity?

Answer 18

The max amount of air that can be expelled after a max breath in.

Question 19

What is your VO2 max?

Answer 19

The maximum amount of O2 that your body can use for every kg of body weight per minute.

Question 20

What is a muscle pump?

Answer 20

Veins are embedded within muscle. As the muscle contracts it “squeezes” and the veins creating pressure in the vein and the movement of the blood.

Question 21

What is the difference between HDL and LDL?

Answer 21

HDL is high density lipoprotein- “good cholesterol” as it transports cholesterol to liver to be expelled. LDL is low density lipoprotein- “bad cholesterol” as it takes the cholesterol to your arteries.

Question 22

What are foods high in HDL?

Answer 22

HDL: beans, chia, olive oil, nuts, avocado

Question 23

What is hypertension?

Answer 23

Abnormally high blood pressure. When pressure of the blood being pumped it higher then it should be.

Question 24

What is a stroke?

Answer 24

Occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off

Question 25

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 25

Air coming into the lungs/alveoli has higher concentration of O2 than in the capillaries around the alveoli so it moves from high to low concentration. Conversely, the concentration of CO2 in the capillaries is higher than that inside the alveoli and thus moves into the air sac and is then exhaled.

Question 26

How does gaseous exchange occur in the muscles?

Answer 26

The blood vessels leaving the heart contain high O2 levels and as they pass muscles where the oxygen concentration is lower, oxygen is given is exchanged. At the same time the CO2 levels are higher at the muscles, as compared to surrounding capillaries.