Physical activity

Question 1

What is the definition of Physical activity?

Answer 1

Any form of bodily movement where energy expenditure is raised above resting levels.

Question 2

What is the definition of physical inactivity?

Answer 2

Undertaking insufficient physical activity to achieve measurable health outcomes. Not engaging in any regular PA beyond daily activities.

Question 3

What is sedentary behaviour?

Answer 3

Staying in the same position for much of the time and expending low amounts of energy.

Question 4

What is structured exercise?

Answer 4

When physical activity is structured in to daily routine where the activity is at a certain time and location.

Question 5

What is planned exercise?

Answer 5

When someone is physically active with the intention of being active to receive measurable health outcomes.

Question 6

What is incidental activity?

Answer 6

Incidental physical activity is unstructured activity taken during the day, without the intention of being PA. eg active transport

Question 7

What are the domains of PA?

Answer 7

Leisure, household/ gardening, occupational, active transport.

Question 8

What are the dimensions of PA?

Answer 8

FITT: frequency, intensity, time (duration), type of PA eg aerobic, flexibility.

Question 9

What are the components of PA pyramid from the least to the most?

Answer 9

• rest/ inactivity
• flexibility and muscular strengthening activities
• aerobic activity and sports and recreation
• lifestyle activity

Question 10

What are some trends of PA?

Answer 10

• females are less active than males
• as age increases, PA decreases
• couples with children are less active than couples without

Question 11

Why would couples with children have lower participation rates in PA than couples without children?

Answer 11

Couples with children have less time to engage in PA

Question 12

Can a self proxy report, a self report and direct observation measure if someone is active most days per week, if they accumulate 2.5 hours of PA each week and if they perform muscle strengthening activities twice a week?

Answer 12

• yes
• yes
• yes

Question 13

Can an accelerometer measure if someone is active most days per week, if they accumulate 2.5 hours of PA each week and if they perform muscle strengthening activities twice a week?

Answer 13

It can measure how active you are most days, it can measure how much activity you do however it can not measure what type of PA you are doing and it would also not be able to measure if you are using a device.

Question 14

Can a pedometer measure if someone is active most days per week, if they accumulate 2.5 hours of PA each week and if they perform muscle strengthening activities twice a week?

Answer 14

It does not measure the frequency, intensity, duration or type of PA so it would not be able to measure any of these points.

Question 15

Why have muscle strengthening activities been added to the national PA guidelines?

Answer 15

• reduce risk of future muscle injuries
• increase muscle mass
• increase bone density
• improve posture

Question 16

Why does an accelerometer not measure if some meets the sedentary guidelines?

Answer 16

An accelerometer measures movement counts and can determine when someone is sedentary or not. However, they cannot be used to determine whether someone meets the sedentary behaviour guidelines or not because it can not tell what type of sedentary behaviour they are doing. eg if they are using a device.

Question 17

What is a health risk associated with a habitual sedentary behaviour?

Answer 17

Having a positive energy balance.

Question 18

The following socio-cultural factors are commonly linked to decreased levels of physical activity:

Answer 18

Increased age, low ses and being a female.

Question 19

The following method of assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour provides contextual information, which is important when assessing adherence to the Australian guidelines:

• pedometer
• recall survey
• personal activity tracker
• accelerometer

Answer 19

Recall survey because it can ask question directly associated with sedentary behaviour and level a=of activity. It can measure all dimensions.

Question 20

Why are both men and women the most PA group when aged 18-24?

Answer 20

• less child rearing responsibilities

- greater access to facilities because their tertiary studies are going to be in highly populated areas.

Question 21

Why do levels of PA decrease as you get older?

Answer 21

• less encouragement on the media
• less time
• body deterioration

Question 22

What are the PA guidelines for adolescents?

Answer 22

• 60 mins mod and vig activity
• 3 muscle strength/ flexibility a week
• additional hours for addition health benefits
• include moderate and vigorous activities

Question 23

What are the PA sedentary guidelines for adolescents?

Answer 23

• 2 hours of screen time
• break up long periods of sitting
• minimise time spent sitting

Question 24

What are the PA guidelines for adults?

Answer 24

• any activity is better than none regardless of age/ abilities
• active for 2.5 to 5 hours
• 2 muscle strength/ flexibility a week
• any PA is better than none

Question 25

What are the PA sedentary guidelines for adults?

Answer 25

• break up long periods of sitting

- minimise time spent sitting