types of long term memory

Question 1

who proposed the types of long term memory?

Answer 1

TULVING 1985

Question 2

why did tulving decide to propose this idea?

Answer 2

found that the MSM view of the LTM was too simplistic and inflexible

Question 3

what are the three long term memory stores?

Answer 3

episodic, semantic and procedural

Question 4

describe episodic memory

Answer 4

-the ability to recall events/episodes from our lives
-time-stamped
-requires conscious effort to recall
-example= results day

Question 5

describe semantic memory

Answer 5

-our knowledge and understand of the world ad concepts
-no time stamp
-less personal, more factual
-requires conscious awareness
-example= flags and tastes of food

Question 6

describe procedural memory

Answer 6

-actions and skills on how to do things
-requires no conscious awareness or effort
-non-declarative
-example= riding a bike

Question 7

how did the study of HM support types of long term memory?

Answer 7

study of HM shows idea of different memory stores for LTM. his episodic memory was affected by brain damage, however semantic and procedural were not

Question 8

how did the case study of Clive wearing support the types of long term memory?

Answer 8

Clive wearing contracted virus of the brain, shows he was able to retain procedural memory (he could remember how to play the piano) but he did not retain episodic memories (he could not remember learning how to play the piano)

Question 9

how did brain scans support the types of long term memory?

Answer 9

brain scans indicate that each type of LTM can be stored in different areas of the brain

Question 10

what did brain scans associate different parts of the brain with episodic, semantic and procedural memory?

Answer 10

-episodic associated with hippocampus
-semantic associated with temporal lobe
-procedural associated with cerebellum

this clinical evidence is high in reliability as it is objective i.e scientific

Question 11

what was a limitation of using case studies to support the types of LTM?

Answer 11

case studies cannot be generalised beyond their immediate subject to the general population, which weakens supporting evidence as it is not representative

Question 12

how is the cross over between episodic and semantic memories a limitation?

Answer 12

for example, learning French at school is both semantic (understanding the language) and episodic (time-stamped to school experience) this suggests that LTM is actually more complex