the working memory model Flashcards
who found the WMM?
Baddeley and Hitch, 1974
why did baddeley and hitch create the WMM?
to explain how short term memory is organised and how it works as the MSM was too simplistic with its unitary stores, the WMM focuses on STM as a whole
what are the components of the WMM?
-central executive
-phonological loop
-visuo-spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
what are the 3 slave systems?
-phonological loop
-visuo-spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
describe the central executive
- attentional process that monitors incoming data
- the ‘boss’ of the WMM, decides how to process incoming info by allocating relevant slave systems to the task
- LIMITED processing capacity
what two elements is the phonological loop made up of?
the phonological store and the articulatory control system
described the phonological loop and the elements involved
- the phonological store acts as an inner ear/ holds words heard by sound
- words that sound similar are more difficult to remember
- RAPID DECAY
-the articulatory process acts asinner voice/ rehearsal system to prevent decay which has a 2 second duration e.g talking about something else stops the inner rehearsal
the phonological loop has limited capacity
who subdivided the visuo-spatial sketchpad in two?
Logie (1995) subdivided it into visual cache (stores visual data) and the inner scribe (records the arrangement of objects in the visual field)
describe the visuo-spatial sketchpad as a whole
-stores visual and/or spatial information when required
-LIMITED capacity of about 3-4 objects
who and why added the episodic buffer later on?
-baddeley later added in 2000 as he observed a patient w/ amnesia who could recall stories from STM that were too large to be held in phonological loop
describe the episodic buffer
- limited capacity of ‘4 chunks’ and can code in anyway
- temporary store of information that integrates visual, spatial and verbal information from other slave systems and links it to the LTM
- it is aware of time ( recording episodes)
what is dual task performance?
dual task performance involves using two or more slave systems of your working memory model at the same time
describe baddeley and hitch dual task study
Baddeley and hitched asked P’s to perform 2 tasks at once. A digit span test and verbal reasoning (true or false statements). as number od digits increased the p’s took longer to answer the verbal reasoning question. The CE was in control go verbal reasoning task nd the PL was in control of the digit task
describe Robbins dual task study on chess players
robbins tested 12 moderately good chess players who selected moves from various positions whilst performing a second task (CE, VSS, PL, or none)
quality of moves selected reduced when the task involved the CE or VSS but no reduction with PL tasks
selecting good chess moves requires CE and VSS
