Types of Data

Question 1

What are primary and secondary data? Give examples.

Answer 1

1. Primary - data collected first-hand by researcher for a specific aim
   - Zimbardo prison experiment
2. Secondary - data collected by someone else for a different aim
   - Damasio et al ( 1994)

Question 2

Similarities between primary and secondary data?

Answer 2

1. Can be either quali/quantitative

2. Can be statistically analysed

Question 3

Differences between p and s data?

Answer 3

1. P - more expensive and time-consuming
2. S - may not completely suit researcher’s purpose (validity)
3. S - unethical - ppts only consented to the initial study

Question 4

What are qualitative and quantitative data? Give examples/

Answer 4

1. Qualitative - non-numerical, descriptive data collected
   - Bartlett, War of the Ghosts (1932)
2. Quantitative - Numerical data that can be statistically analysed
   - Peterson and Peterson (1959)

Question 5

Similarities between quan and quali data?

Answer 5

1. Must be gathered carefully to avoid bias and misinterpretation
2. Can come from the same method at the same time - can support each other to show validity and reliability
3. Both must be justified to reader

Question 6

Differences between quan and quali data?

Answer 6

1. Qual - tends to come from small samples
2. Qual - more insight and can be converted into quan BUT NOT VICE VERSA
3. Quan - can be shown w descriptive stats for ease of comparability
4. Quan - shows patterns in behaviour and focuses on diffs between ind rather than exploration

Question 7

Define meta-analysis.

Answer 7

Procedure used to merge + analyse findings from studies focusing on a similar issue to draw overall conc