Sampling Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a sample? (2)

A
  1. Ppts selected from target pop

2. Must aim to be representative of pop

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2
Q

What is a target population?

A

A group to be studied

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3
Q

What are some methods of samplig? (4)

A
  1. Random
  2. Stratified
  3. Volunteer
  4. Opportunity
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4
Q

What is random sampling? Strengths & weaknesses?

A
  1. All members have equal chance of selection - Lottery method (assigned a number and drawn from a hat)
  2. Strengths
    - Control ppt variables
    - Representative sample
  3. Weaknesses
    - SAMPLE ERROR - some ppts may refuse to take part
    • can lead to invalid conc
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5
Q

What is stratified sampling? Strengths and weaknesses?

A
  1. Identifying subgroups in pop based on shared characteristics and then taking a random sample from each that is proportional to its size in the pop
  2. Strengths
    - Useful if subg may be misrepresented w standard random sampling
    - Representative sample
  3. Weaknesses
    - Time-consuming
    - SAMPLE ERROR - some ppts may refuse to take part
    • can lead to invalid conc
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6
Q

What is a sample error?

A

Sample differs from qualities of target pop it intended to represent (affects external validity)

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7
Q

What is volunteer sampling? Strengths and weaknesses?

A
  1. Advertising study so ppts can self-select to form the sample
  2. Strengths
    - Minimal effort
    - Most ethical, no pressure on ppts to take part
  3. Weaknesses
    - Less representative, not everyone in TP will see ad or want to respond
    - Biased, volunteers tend to have a particular personality (ppt variable)
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8
Q

What is opportunity sampling? Strengths and weaknesses?

A
  1. Using ppts available at the time
  2. Strengths
    - Quick and simple
  3. Weaknesses
    - Biased, not every member of TP will be around
    - May misrepresent subgroups, affects generalisability
    - Unreliable bc findings may differ if replicated at a diff time
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9
Q

What is a biased sample?

A

Sample which doesn’t reflect the characteristics of the TP

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