types of attachment

Question 1

AO1 points

Answer 1

1. development, aim and features of Strange situation
2. procedure: 5 categories to judge attachment quality
3. procedure: 7 episodes
4. findings: secure attachment
5. findings: insecure avoidant
6. findings: insecure resistant

Question 2

development, aim and features of strange situation AO1 (5)

Answer 2

• Mary Ainsworth
• assess quality of childs attachment to caregiver
• controlled observation
• lab
• 2 way mirror

Question 3

procedure: 5 categories to judge attachment quality AO1 (5)

Answer 3

1. proximity seeking - well attached infants stay close to CG
2. exploration and secure base behavior - well attached infants are confident to explore and use CG as point of safety
3. stranger anxiety: displayed by well attached infants
4. seperation anxiety: displayed by well attached infants
5. response to reunion w CG after seperation: well attached infants are enthusiastic

Question 4

procedure 7 episodes AO1(8)

Answer 4

• each last 3 mins
  1. child encouraged to explore by CG - tests exploration and secure base
  2. stranger enters and talks to CG - tests stranger anxiety
  3. CG leaves - tests seperation and stranger anxiety
  4. CG returns, stranger leaves tests reunion behavior and exploration/secure base
  5. CG leaves child alone -tests seperation anxiety
  6. stranger returns - tests stranger anxiety
  7. CG returns- tests reunion behavior

Question 5

findings: secure attachment AO1 (5)

Answer 5

• Type B
• 60-75% of british toddlers
• happy to explore but seeks proximity w CG
• moderate stranger and seperation anxiety
• require and accept comfort from CG on reunion

Question 6

findings: insecure avoidant AO1 (5)

Answer 6

• Type A
• 20-25% of british toddlers
• explore freely but doesnt seek proximity
• little/no seperation anxiety
• doesnt require comfort at reunion stage

Question 7

findings: insecure resistant AO1(5)

Answer 7

• Type C
• 3% of british toddlers
• explores less and seeks greater proximity
• high stranger and seperation anxiety
• resists comfort when reunited w CG

Question 8

AO3

Answer 8

❌ culture bound - imposed etic
- strange situation developed in USA
- based on western ideas of attachment behavior
- eg believe stranger + seperation anxiety show good attachment but in germany (individualistic culture) where independance is valued this may not be the case

✅ inter rater reliability
- multiples researchers discussing behavior behind 2 way mirror = no obsever bias

✅ lab study + operationalised behavioral categories + standardised method + babky dk they are being watched
- objective measurements
- easily replicated
- eliminated investigator effect
- bby behavior authentic no demand charac

❌ more attachment tupes have been identified
- minority of children dont fit in any of attachment types
- = disorganised attachment
- too simplistic