attachment - effects of early attachment on later attachments

Question 1

influence of early attachments on later attachments AO1 points (4)

Answer 1

1. internal working model
2. relationships in later childhood
3. relationships w romantic partners
4. relationships as a parent

Question 2

AO1 - internal working model (5)

Answer 2

• proposed by Bowlby
• formed by childs first relationship w primary CG
• provides model for expectations for future relationships
• influences later childhood relationships, romantic relationships and relationships as parents
• a baby who’s first relationship is loving and reliable will expect this and act like tjis in all future relationships and visa versa

Question 3

AO1- relationships in later childhood (6)

Answer 3

• securely attached children - have best friendships later in childhood
• insecurely attached - have friendhsip difficlties

Myron-Wilson + Smith research findings :
- assessed attachment type and bullying involvement in 196 11-15 yearold children from London using standard questionnaires
- securely attached - most unlikely to be involved in bullying
- insecure avoidant - most likely to be victim of bullying
- insecure resistant - most likely to be bully

Question 4

AO1 - relationships with romantic partner (9)

Answer 4

• affected by internal working model

Hazan and Shaver:
- analysed 620 responses to love quiz printed on american newspaper
- assessed attachment type, general love experience eg number of partners , current or most important relationships

findings:
- 56% securely attached
- 25% insecure avoidant
- 19% insecure resistant

secure - good longer lasting relationshi[s
avoidant - jealousy + fear of intimacy

conclusion: attachment types reflexted in romantic relationships

Question 5

AO1 - relationship as a parent (6)

Answer 5

• parenting style is based on internal working model
• attachment type tends to be passed down over many generations
  Bailey:
• assessed 99 mothers and their babies
• mother baby attachment assessed using strange situation
• mothers attachment to own mothers assessed using adult attachment interview
• found that most women had same attachment type to their mothers as thir child does to them

Question 6

AO3 points (3)

Answer 6

❌ research into influence of early attachment on later attachment is retrospective:
- ppnts asked questions about attchment type w their parents to asses attachment type - relies on self reporting methods
- lie or lack accuracy or forget or social desiribility bias - cofounding variables
- lacks validity

❌ internal working model is reductionist
- temperament can affect future relationships not just your first expereince
- doesnt consider all possible contributing factors
over simplistic

✅ research support - Harlows monkeys - IWM does act as a model on how to form relationships and is based on of first relationship experience
- those who had poor attachment to parent had later difficulties in parenting and showed aggressive and unpredictable behavior towards other monkeys
- due to lack of IWM they didnt have a reference point on how to form relationships